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An accessible built environment is an important catalyst of participation. However, people living with disabilities face daily barriers to in their built environment. Many stakeholders are involved in the implementation of accessible built environment for all, such as municipalities. The implementation of such universal accessibility measures is therefore complex for municipal employees. Integration of such measures into regular activities requires individual (employees) and organizational (municipalities) change. Different implementation strategies are helpful to guide municipalities in the creation of tools and to facilitate the operationalization and implementation of the measures. The aim was to explore what are the implementation strategies used by municipalities to implement universal accessibility measures. To answer this question, (1) identified the different strategies used by municipalities in implementing universal accessibility measures, (2) explored the perceived influence of these strategies, and (3) identified facilitators and barriers to the use of the different strategies to implement universal accessibility measures. We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-SR guidelines. We analyzed the data according to the type of strategy and to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Of 1328 articles identified by the search strategy, six studies met the inclusion criteria. The strategies were identified as dissemination, process, integration, or capacity-building strategy. Involvement of all stakeholders was the most frequently mentioned facilitator, while lack of awareness was the most reported barrier. The results show that there is no consensus on which implementation strategies are appropriate and effective to use in this context. Also, there are no measures of effectiveness of pre-post design of these strategies. This shows that implementation strategies in municipal context regarding universal accessibility are still in an exploratory phase. However, it is possible to make links with the different implementation domains of the CFIR. We also observed that the identification of facilitators and obstacles to implementation is important to identify needs and to better plan the different stages of implementation. Keywords: knowledge mobilization, accessibility, universal design, public organizations, implementation strategies, disability Un environnement b ti accessible est un important catalyseur de participation. Cependant, les personnes handica-p es sont confront es des obstacles quotidiens dans leur environnement b ti. De nombreux acteurs sont impliqu s dans la mise en oeuvre d'un environnement b ti accessible tous, tel que les municipalit s. La mise en oeuvre de telles mesures d'accessibilit universelle est donc complexe pour les employ s municipaux. L'int gration de telles mesures dans les activit s r guli res n cessite des changements individuels (employ s) et organisationnels (municipalit s). Diff rentes strat gies de mise en oeuvre sont utiles pour guider les municipalit s dans la cr ation d'outils et pour faciliter l'op rationnalisation et la mise en oeuvre des mesures. L'objectif tait d'explorer les strat gies de mise en oeuvre utilis es par les municipalit s pour mettre en oeuvre des mesures d'accessibilit universelle. A cette fin, l'ont, (1) a identifi les diff rentes strat gies utilis es par les munici-palit s pour mettre en oeuvre des mesures d'accessibilit universelle, (2) explor l'influence per ue de ces strat gies et (3) identifi les facilitateurs et les obstacles l'utilisation des diff rentes strat gies de mise en oeuvre de l'accessibilit universelle des mesures d'accessibilit . Nous avons men une tude de cadrage conform ment aux lignes directrices PRISMA-SR. Nous avons analys les donn es selon le type de strat gie et selon le Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Des 1 328 articles identifi s par la strat gie de recherche, six tudes r pondaient aux crit res d'inclusion. Les strat gies ont t identifi es comme tant une strat gie de diffusion, de processus, d'int gration ou de renforcement des capacit s. La participation de toutes les parties prenantes tait le facilitateur le plus fr quemment mentionn , tandis que le manque de sensibilisation tait l'obstacle le plus signal . Les r sultats montrent qu'il n'y a pas de consensus sur les strat gies de mise en oeuvre appropri es et efficaces utiliser dans ce contexte. De plus, il n'existe aucune mesure de l'efficacit de la conception pr -post design de ces strat gies. Cela montre que les strat gies de mise en oeuvre dans le contexte municipal en mati re d'accessibilit universelle sont encore en phase exploratoire. Il est cependant possible de faire des liens avec les diff rents domaines de mise en oeuvre du CFIR. Nous avons galement observ que 1'identification des facilitateurs et des obstacles la mise en ceuvre est importante pour identifier les besoins et mieux planifier les diff rentes tapes de mise en oeuvre. Mots-cl s : mobilisation des connaissances, accessibilit , conception et design universelle, organismes publics, strat gies de mise en oeuvre, handicap, Introduction An accessible built environment is an important catalyst of social and economic participation (Eckhardt et al. 2020). Accessibility to infrastructure enables citizens to meet their needs for health, employability [...]

Michael Miiller was governing mayor of Berlin from 2014 to 2021, and serves as a member of the Bundestag for Berlin-Charlottenhurg-Wilmersdorf. The Journal of International Affairs spoke with Mr. Muller [...]

Theory: Legislative committees are extensive and integral to the structure and policy-making functions of Congress and state legislatures. Scant research exists on current roles of committees of city councils. Hypotheses: We hypothesize that city council committee systems are less common and not as vital to policy-making than is true of other legislative bodies. Contrary to much urban research, we further expect that city government structure, not the political environment, shapes development of committee systems and their policy roles. Methods: Logistic and OLS regression are the methods used to analyze the structure of city council committee systems. Differences in policy outputs are analyzed with t-tests and OLS regression. Data are from a 1992-93 mail survey of 160 large United States cities, and from Census Bureau reports on city government finances. Results: Committees are widely used in large cities and their use is directly due to structural aspects of city government, particularly size of city council. Broad policy-making roles are found to be uncommon, but a substantial part of city legislative business is assigned to committees. Legislative committees have a small impact on policy outputs.

The creation of empires and states, business conglomerates and civic dictatorships - whether in precolonial times or in the modern era - has only been possible through dismantling the commons and harnessing the fragments, deprived of their old significance, to build up new economic and social patterns that are responsive to the interests of a dominant minority. Seen from this perspective, the processes that now go under the rubric of 'nation-building', 'economic growth' and 'progress' are first and foremost processes of expropriation, exclusion, and denial; in a word, of enclosure.

If history is any guide, discussions of urban issues during this year's presidential campaign will follow a predictable pattern. Both campaigns will issue policy briefs on small initiatives that will [...]

IN September 1998, Vice President Al Gore traveled to Portland, Oregon, the urban planners' Mecca, to attack suburban sprawl and support 'smart growth.' What he actually meant was managed growth--higher [...]