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In order to study the heritability and genetic parameters of antioxidant activity in barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salinity stress, a seven-parent half diallel (F1 crosses + parents) was conducted in the non-stress and salt stress (8 and 12 dS m-1) conditions in the greenhouse, during 2016-17, Ardabil, Iran. In this experiment, antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The results showed that the salinity had increased the expression of all of the three enzymes and the activity of enzymes were differed under different salinity levels. The average degree of dominance was higher than unity for all cases, suggesting the control of traits by over-dominance. Under saline condition heritability in narrow sense (h2n) was found low to medium (0.11-0.41) but their broad-sense heritability (h2b) was estimated relatively high (0.74-0.90). The results suggested the lack of heterosis in control of these traits except for APX activity in 8 dS m-1 salinity. Results showed that in APX activity recessive alleles were favorable, in CAT activity, under non-stress condition, dominant alleles, and under 12 dS m-1 salinity, recessive alleles were desirable; although, such relations were not clearly revealed in SOD activity. Due to the importance of dominance, it was indicated that the evaluation of genotypes must be done at progressive breeding program. Based on general combining ability effects, it was concluded that under salinity, Rihane and Nosrat had favorable alleles for APX activity. In CAT activity, Nosrat had favorable alleles. In case of SOD, Afzal and Valfajr had favourable alleles. In spite of the importance of physiological traits as selection criteria in breeding of salinity tolerance, presence of large dominance effects should not be neglected and selection for these traits should be delayed until after some inbreeding.

Sequence and chemical structure ofGVEGF (a) Nucleic acid sequence of GVEGF. The locked nucleic acids of the sugar modified (G5, G21, and G24) represented in the bold. (b) Chemical structures of the sugar modified with their O2′-C4-methylene bridge (right) and non-modified sugar (left) (c) NMR structure of GVEGF.

The electrostatic surface display of protein-protein and protein-aptamer interactions. The negative to positive charge present from red to blue. (a) CHS6-CHS5, (b) Bach1-CHS5, (c) CHS5, (d) CHS6-GVEGA, (e) Bach1-GVEGA, (f) GVEGA.

Charts depicted of percentages of intermolecular polar and non-polar interaction area (Å2 ) maps. (a) CHS6-CHS5, (b) Bach1- CHS5, (c) CHS6-GVEGF, (d) Bach1-GVEGF.

The interaction features for the interfaces area of protein-protein and protein-aptamer complexes.

Graphics illustration of alignment match of CHS6 (PDB:4WJW) and Bach1 (4IN3).

Schematic structures of the trafficking and non-trafficking of S. cerevisiae CHS3 from the Golgi to the plasma. CHS3 transport to the cell surface as a necessary step for chitin trafficking and requires cargo adaptor complex exomer, including proteins such as CHS5, CHS6, Bach1, and Arf1. CHS5-CHS6 complexes facilitate assembly of a multi-protein complex containing CHS3 to allow endosome production and movement through Golgi to the plasma. The normal exomer-secretory (left site) and non-exomer assembly (right site) via protein-aptamer interactions as potential inhibit of the class IV chitin synthase, S. cerevisiae CHS3 represent here.

The hydrophobic surface display of protein-protein and protein-aptamer interactions; the hydrophobic to hydrophilic present from red to white respectively. (a) CHS6-CHS5, (b) Bach1-CHS5, (c) CHS5, (d) CHS6-GVEGF, (e) Bach1-GVEGF, (f) GVEGF.

Analysis of the interaction of CHS5 with CHS6. (a) NMR structure of interactions of CHS6-CHS5 (CHS5 in orange and NMR structure of CHS6 in cyan). (b) Docking structure of interactions of CHS6-CHS5 (CHS5 in orange and docking structure of CHS6 in gray). (c) Magnification of the NMR structure of the complex CHS6-CHS5. (d) Magnification of docking structure of the complex of CHS6-CHS5.

Analysis of the interaction of CHS5 with Bach1. (a) NMR structure of interactions of Bach1-CHS5 (CHS5 in green and NMR structure of CHS6 in cyan). (b) Docking structure of interactions of Bach1-CHS5 (CHS5 in orange and NMR structure of CHS6 in green). (c) Magnification of the NMR structure of the complex Bach1-CHS5. (d) Magnification of docking structure of the complex of Bach1-CHS5.

Schematic illustration of H-bonds of CHS5-CHS6, Bach1-CHS6, GVEGA -CHS6 and GVEGA -Bach1 observed in the docking.

Neotarsonemoides (N.) polonicus (Willmann, 1949) Material examined. 5 females, Jolfa, Iri village district, 45��59' 866"E, 38��46'590"N, 1,085 m, from soil, 26 March 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 3 females, Marand, Ousdaghi village district, 45��52'029"E, 38��24'641"N, 1,485 m, sample of litter and soil, 25 April 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 4 females, Zunuz, Darakh kandi village district, 45�� 45' 282"E, 38�� 25' 930"N, 1,812 m, sample of litter and soil, 15 August 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 3 females, Zunuz, Chirchir village, 45��48 046"E, 38��36'187"N, 1,429 m, sample of litter and soil, 15 August 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand. Diagnosis. Female: see Magowski (2002). Distribution. Central Europe: Poland (Willmann 1949; Kaliszewski 1983a; Magowski 2002), Northwestern Iran: East Azerbaijan province (new record)., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Willmann, C. (1949) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Salzgebietes von Ciechocinek. I. Milben aus den Salzwiesen und Salzmooren von Ciechocinek an der Weichsel. Veroffentlichungen aus dem Museum fur Natur-, Volker- und Handelskunde in Bremen, A 1, 106 - 135.","Magowski, W. (2002) A new definition of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with redescription of five species and remarks on morphology, diagnostics and phylogeny. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 99, 47 - 99.","Kaliszewski, M. (1983 a) Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. VI. Description of Tarsonemus paralucifer n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmae). Bulletin de L'Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Cl. II. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 29 (9 - 10), 393 - 400."]}

Neotarsonemoides (N.) lucifer (Schaarschmidt, 1959) Material examined. 4 females, Jolfa, Nordooz town district, 46�� 01' 492"E, 38�� 52' 294"N, 767 m, from soil, 28 March 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 3 females, Zunuz, Darakh kandi village district, 45��45'282"E, 38��25'930"N, 1,812 m, sample of litter and soil, 15 August 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand. Diagnosis. Female: see Magowski (2002). Distribution. Central Europe: Germany (Schaarschmidt 1959) and Poland (Kaliszewski 1993; Magowski 2002), Northwestern Iran: East Azerbaijan province (new record)., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Schaarschmidt, L. (1959) Systematik und Okologie der Tarsonemiden. Beitrage zur Systematik und Okologie mitteleuropaischer Acarina, Series 1, 5, 713 - 823.","Magowski, W. (2002) A new definition of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with redescription of five species and remarks on morphology, diagnostics and phylogeny. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 99, 47 - 99.","Kaliszewski, M. (1993) Key to Palearctic species [sic] of the genus Tarsonemus. Seria: Zoologia 14. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznan. 204 pp."]}

Genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 Type species: Neotarsonemoides adae Kaliszewski, 1984, by original designation and monotypy., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Kaliszewski, M. (1984) Neotarsonemoides adae n. sp., n. gen., (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from Poland. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 8 (122), 1 - 6."]}

Neotarsonemoides (O.) alatus (Livshits, Mitrofanov and Sharonov, 1979) Material examined. 4 females, Marand, Yam village district, 45��51'907"E, 38��20'486"N, 1,724 m, sample of litter and soil, 25 April 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 1 female, Jolfa, Siahrood district, 46��01'582"E, 38��52'273"N, 1,064 m, sample of litter and soil, 30 May 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 2 females, Marand, Seyvan village district, 45��47'803"E, 38��20'995"N, 1,694 m, sample of soil, 27 June 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand. Diagnosis. Pharynx elongate-elliptical, without transverse striations, with pair of moderately large, ovoid glandular bodies. Tergital setae d, e, f and h all long, stiff, tapering but blunt, subequal in length, 2- 3x longer than c 1; setae f as long as 1.7x distance between their bases; apodemes 1 near indiscernible; tegula broad roundrhomboidal with rounded tip; setae ps tapering, but stiffer than other attenuate setae, as long as 0.7x distance between their bases. Spine-like seta pl��� lacking from Ta II, tarsus III with 4 simple setae. Redescription. FEMALE (Figs. 9���16): Gnathosoma (Figs. 11���12): capsule oval- heart shaped, slightly triangular; with well-developed ventrolateral apodemes. Pharynx as wide as 0.24x maximum width of gnathosoma, and as long as 0.7x of ventral length of gnathosomal capsule, elongate-elliptical, with sclerotized walls but without transverse striations and with pair of moderately large, ovoid glandular bodies. Postpalpal (pp) setae absent. Setae dgs subequal to vgs. Cheliceral stylets small, slender and with inconspicuous cheliceral levers. Palpi small, only slightly longer than wide, directed convergently, with pronounced bases, each with 2 processes: apical and ventral (palptarsal), and 2 fine setae. Idiosomal dorsum (average length: 185 (SD �� 20.4), width: 114 (SD ��12.2); length = 1.6x width; Fig. 9): relative length of setae (v 1: sc 2: c 2: c 1: d: e: f: h): 1: 1.8: 0.8: 0.6: 1.3: 1.2: 1.3: 1. Rostral shieldlet rounded, subtriangular in outline, 2.6x wider than long. Setae v 1 slender, sharp, separated by distance of 2x their length each from another. Prodorsal shield (PrS) rounded trapezoidal (almost semicircular) in outline, 1.4x as wide as long, with well-developed anterolateral (prodorsal lateral) lobes, with somewhat irregular posterior edge. Sensilli sc 1 clavate, with elongate globular head, covered with fine spines. Stigmata located posterolaterally of setae v 1, tracheal tubes each with poorly sclerotized atrial segments and pair of weakly defined, elongate postatrial expansions. Pits v 2 each located somewhat mediad of line between setae sc 2 and v 1 on either side. Setae sc 2 inserted in mid-length of prodorsal shield, extending beyond posterior edge of prodorsal shield, separated by distance of 1.4x their length. Setae c 2 slender, pointed, located in oblique line of level of c 1, latter slender, sharp, reaching with tips 1/3 of distance to posterior edge of tergite C, separated by transverse distance nearing 7x their length. Posterior edge of tergite C weakly undulate without apparent lateral emarginations. Setae d -h long, tapering, stiff and blunt; barbed, setae d reaching beyond insertions of h, separated by transverse distance of more than 1.2x their length; posterolateral margin of tergite D with lateral emarginations corresponding to setae e of succeeding shield; f as long as d and slightly longer than e, latter somewhat longer than h; setae f separated by transverse interval of 0.6x their length. Distance between setae e and f on each side greater than 2x that between setae f. Setae h located in distance of 1.6x their length each to another. All dorsal shields with fine uniform dimpled ornamentation. Idiosomal venter (Fig.10): apodemes 1 hardly discernible; anteromedial apodeme posteriorly diffused past level of posteromedial ends of apodemes 2, lacking apparent junction with sejugal apodeme; latter continuous, slightly sinous anteromedially; setae 1a -3b slender, sharp; 1a nearly contiguous with front edge of propodosomal plate, in distance each to another similar to their length. Setae 2a inserted on apodemes 2, near their distal extremities, in distance between their bases of almost 5x their lengths. Ventral propodosomal plate weakly biconvex anteriorly, with soft angularities between trochanters I and II. Apodemes 3 strongly sclerotized, well developed laterally related to anterial extremities of trochanters III (not forming continuous sclerotized transverse stripe); apodemes 4 almost straight, extending very slightly posterolaterad of setae 3b, joining with posteromedial apodeme; latter anteriorly ended with pronounced bifurcation; setae 3a separated by transverse distance of 2.2x their length each to another. Setae 3b shorter than 3a, separated by distance of 3.3x their lengths; i.e. slightly exceeding that between 3a. Ventral metapodosomal plate with anterior extremity irregular, almost straight, and with apparent spine-like processes between trochanters III and IV. Tegula rounded subtriangular in outline, 1.5x wider than long with rounded tip. Aggenital plate divided in its posterior part. Setae ps tapering, but stiffer than other attenuate setae, sharply pointed, weakly barbed; their bases separated by distance little smaller than their lengths. Ventral plates with uniform, fine dimpled ornamentation. Legs (Figs. 13���16): proportions of free segments of legs (I: II: III: IV): 1.0: 0.9: 1.0: 0.6. Leg setation: I: 4���4��� 6(2 ��)+8(1 ��); II: 3���3���4���5(1 ��); III: 1+3���4���5. Unguinal setae u��� (and u��� on Ta I) indiscernible. Leg I: claw hooked, medium sized, similar in size to claws of tarsus II. Empodium small. Spine-like subunguinal seta s similar to setae u ' on tarsi II and III. Tibiotarsus with weak ventral bend in area of tibia, 3x as long as wide at base. Eupathidion p��� slightly shorter than p���, both located subapically, eupathidia tc��� and tc��� equal in length, located above mid-length of segment. Three tarsal setae pv���, pv��� and pl��� slender and sharp. Solenidion �� fusiform, as long as 1.3x Ta II ��. Solenidion �� 2 larger than �� 1, famulus k apparently longer than solenidia. Seta Ge l��� rather thick, pointed, barbed. Femur I without ventral protrusion. Seta Fe l��� strong, stiff; d short, stiff; both sharp. Leg II: claws medium-sized, hooked; empodium almost twice as long as in leg I. Spine-like seta pl��� absent. Seta tc��� slightly longer than other setae of segment, reaching tip of empodium. Seta Ge II l��� thick, pointed, barbed, slightly more slender than Ge I l���. Seta Fe d short, tapering. Leg III: claws weaker than, and empodium as long as that in leg II. Seta tc��� over 3x longer than other setae of segment, more than 2x length of Ta III. Seta Ge l��� as that in leg II. Leg IV: free segments subequal to femorogenu and tibia III. Femorogenu 3x as long as tibiotarsus. Femoral seta v��� longer than genual v���, both slender, slightly barbed. Seta Tb v��� clearly longer than femorogenu, with one fine spine in its proximal length. Seta Ta tc��� over 2.5x as long as entire leg IV. Measurements: (4 non-type specimens) - body and tagmata: length of body: 155���225; length of idiosoma: 155���200; width of idiosoma (approx.): 104���130; length of gnathosoma: 35; width of gnathosoma: 25���30; length of pharynx: 20���25; width of pharynx: 6���7. dgs: 10���13; vgs: 10���13. Dorsum - length of PrS: 65���70; width of PrS: 90��� 95; distance between stigmata: 48���53. Lengths of setae: v 1: 15���25; sc 1 10���15; sc 2: 26���48; c 2: 14���15; c 1: 10���11; d: 18���28; e: 20���25; f: 23���26; h: 16���21. Distances between setae: v 1 -v 1: 38���40; sc 1 -sc 1: 32���50; sc 2 -sc 2: 45���53; c 2 -c 2: 110; c 1 -c 1: 65���80; d -d: 26���35; e -e: 68���75; e -f: 30���35; f -f: 12���16; h -h: 28���31. Venter- lengths of setae: 1a: 10; 2a: 7���10; 3a: 7���12; 3b: 6���10; ps: 8���11. Distances between setae: 1a -1a: 10; 2a -2a: 40; 3a -3a: 19���25; 3b -3b: 23���28; ps -ps: 14���16. Length of PrP: 45���53; width of PrP: 75���87; ap. 2-2: 38���43. Length of tegula: 9���10; width of tegula: 12���15. Leg segments and leg setae (lengths): Tbt I: 23���25; Ta I ��: 8���9; Tb �� 2: 4���5; Tb �� 1: 3���4; Tb k: 5���7; Ta II ��: 5���8; Fege IV: 26���27; Tbt IV: 7���9; Ge IV v': 15���18; Tb IV v': 33���38; Ta IV tc": 90���110. MALE and LARVA unknown. Distribution. East Europe: Ukraine (Livshits et al. 1979), Central Europe: Hungary (Nemestothy & Mahunka 1981), Northwestern Iran: East Azerbaijan province (new record). Differential diagnosis. Females of the species are similar to N. (O.) auritus (Mahunka, 1971) in having dorsal opisthosomal setae h longer than 0.5x f, lacking spine-like seta pl��� from Ta II, and having four setiform setae on Ta III. However it differs from the latter by (1) setae c 1 longer than half the distance between bases of c 1 and c 2 (vs. c 1 shorter than half the distance between bases of c 1 and c 2) (2) setae 1a about as long as the distance between their bases (vs. setae 1a over twice shorter than distance between their bases), (3) setae 3b as long as 0.3x the distance between their bases (vs. setae 3b shorter than 0.25x the distance between their bases)., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on pages 70-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Livshits, I. Z., Mitrofanov, V. I. & Sharonov, A. A. (1979) Raznokogotkovye klyeschi fauny Kryma (Tarsonemidae. Acariformes). In: Livshits, I. Z. (Ed.), Vriediteli y bolezni lesoparkovych i plodovych nasazhdenii Kryma. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo Botanicheskogo Sada, Yalta, Crimea, pp. 7 - 50. [in Russian]","Nemestothy, K. K. & Mahunka, S. (1981) Tarsoneminen (Acari) aus dem Naturschutzgebiet Wacholders \" Borokas \" bei Barcs. Dunantuli Dolgozatok Termeszettudomany, 2, 157 - 166.","Mahunka, S. (1971) Tarsonemina (Acari) species from Korea. Zoological collectings of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Korea (Nr. 3). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 17 (3 - 4), 271 - 294."]}

Key to females of Iranian subgenera, species groups and species of the genus Neotarsonemoides (derived from Magowski (2002)) 1. Shield (PrS) with pronounced anterolateral lobes; setae d and f at least 2x as long as c 1................................................................................................ (subgenus Ototarsonemus) ��� N. (O.) alatus - Shield (PrS) without or with small, indistinct anterolateral lobes; setae d and f less than 2x longer, or clearly shorter than c 1................................................................................ Neotarsonemoides s. str. ��� 2 2. Tegula longer than its width, pointed, arrow-head shaped, genual seta v��� lacking from Fege IV................................................................................................. N. denigratus group ��� N. (N.) evae - Tegula shorter than its width, rounded subtriangular, bluntly or sharply pointed, genual seta v��� present on Fege IV............................................................................................ polonicus group ��� 3 3. Setae e stiff and blunt..................................................................... N. (N.) polonicus - Setae e slender and sharp.............................................................................. 4 4. Setae d slender, sharply pointed............................................................. N. (N.) multiplex - Setae d stiff, bluntly pointed............................................................................ 5 5. Setae e 2x as long as d and h, setae ps longer than distance between their bases........................ N. (N.) occultus - Setae e ca. as long as d and h, setae ps ca. as long as half distance between their bases.............................. 6 6. Tergite C and metapodosomal plate with irregular dimpled ornamentation, parallel apodemes indiscernible............................................................................................. N. (N.) marandicus sp. nov. - Tergite C and metapodosomal plate with regular dimpled ornamentation, parallel apodemes well pronounced........................................................................................................ N. (N.) lucifer, Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Magowski, W. (2002) A new definition of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with redescription of five species and remarks on morphology, diagnostics and phylogeny. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 99, 47 - 99."]}

Neotarsonemoides (N.) marandicus Gheblealivand, Haddad and Magowski sp. nov. Diagnosis. Pharynx elongate, spindle-shape in outline, with distinct small glandular bodies. Lateral lobes on prodorsal shield present but small; surface of tergite C and ventral metapodosomal plate covered with mixed ornamentation composed of larger and smaller pits, remaining surfaces of idiosoma covered with uniform ornament of small dimples. Tergital setae d, f and h stiff and blunt, setae e slender, sharp, 1.4x length of setae d and 1.2x of f. Ridge of ventral propodosomal plate between trochanters I and II slightly convex; apodemes 1 very weakly marked, diffused; parallel apodemes not apparent; tegula semicircular in shape with rounded posterior edge. Genual part of FeGe III with 2 setae. Description. FEMALE (Figs. 1���8). Gnathosoma (Figs. 3���4): capsule triangular-ovoid. Pharynx spindleshaped in outline, as wide as 0.33x maximum width of gnathosoma and as long as 0.74x of ventral length of gnathosomal capsule, without distinct striation, but with few oblique lines on each side; posterior extremity of pharynx associated with 1 pair of tiny glandular bodies. Postpalpal (pp) setae absent. Setae dgs longer than vgs. Cheliceral stylets and levers fine but pronounced. Palpi rather short, parallel, slightly convergent, each with small palptarsal processes and two minute setae. Idiosomal dorsum (average length 146 (SD �� 9.2), width 96 (SD �� 5.7); length = 1.5x width; Fig. 1): relative length of setae (v 1: sc 2: c 2: c 1: d: e: f: h): 1: 1.3: 0.8: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.3: 0.3. Rostral shield subtrapezoidal, 2.7x wider than long. Vertical setae (v 1) slender, sharp, separated by distance of 1.6x their length each from another. Prodorsal shield (PrS) semicircular in outline, 1.7x wider than long, with small anterolateral, indistinct lobate outgrowths and with slightly concave posterior edge. Stigmata located posterolaterally of setae v 1, tracheal tubes with sclerotized atria followed by uniformly narrow tracheal tubes. Sensilla sc 1 elongate, weakly club- shaped, covered with fine spines and with two stronger spines apically. Pits of setae v 2 close behind stigmata and in line with v 1 and sc 2 on each side. Setae sc 2 located posteriad of mid-length of prodorsal shield (measured from line of stigmata to posterior edge), reaching slightly beyond posterior edge of its shield, separated by distance of more than 2x their length. Setae c 2 2x as long as c 1. Setae c 1 slender, sharp, reaching with tips 1/3 of distance to posterior edge of tergite C; separated by transverse distance over 7x their length. Posterior edge of tergite C convex. Setae d, f and h short, stiff and blunt; e slender, sharply ended. Setae d exceeding posterior edge of shield D by more than half of their length, separated by transverse distance of over 6x their length; posterolateral margin of shield D emarginated. Setae f slightly shorter than e but slightly longer than d; and separated by transverse interval of 2.6x their length. Distance between setae e and f on each side slightly lesser than twice that between f. Setae h located in distance of 5.6x their length each to another; subequal to f and slightly shorter than e. Shield C with mixed ornament composed of larger and smaller dimples. Remaining dorsal shielding with uniform dimpled ornament, somewhat varying in density. Idiosomal venter (Fig. 2): apodemes 1 very weakly defined, diffused; parallel apodemes indiscernible; anteromedial apodeme continuous, but weaken beyond posteromedial ends of apodemes 2. Sejugal apodeme continuous, arch-like, with numerous teeth projecting anteriorly. Ridge of ventral propodosomal plate between trochanters I and II convex (nearly straight in some specimens). Setae 1a -3b slender, sharp; 1a located well posteriad of front edge of propodosomal plate, in distance of 2.2x their length each to another. Setae 2a inserted on apodemes 2, near their distal extremities, in distance of 3x their lengths between their bases. Apodemes 3 strongly sclerotized, developed well laterally related to anterial extremities of trochanters III, but not in form of sclerotized transverse stripe; apodemes 4 separated from posteromedial apodeme medially; latter one bifurcated anteriorly. Setae 3a separated by distance of 3.7x their length each to another. Setae 3b shorter than 3a, separated by distance of over 4x their lengths, but similar to that between 3a. Ventral metapodosomal plate with anterior edge slightly concave, and with small acute processes between trochanters III and IV. Tegula semicircular in outline, with rounded posterior edge ca. 1.6x wider than long. Setae ps tapering, but stiffer than other attenuate setae, sharply pointed, their bases separated by distance of almost 4x their lengths. Surface of ventral metapodosomal plate covered with mixed ornamentation composed of larger and smaller pits, remaining ventral plates with uniform dimpled ornamentation, varying in density. Legs (Figs. 5���8). Proportions of free segments of legs (I: II: III: IV): 1.0: 0.9: 1.0: 0.6. Leg setation (for Fe, Ge, Tb and Ta, respectively): I: 4���4���6(2 ��)+8(1 ��); II: 3��� 3��� 4���6(1 ��); III: 1+2���4���4. None of tiny unguinal setae u��� (and u��� on Ta I) discernible. Leg I: claw hooked, medium sized, slightly stronger than those of tarsi II and III. Empodium small. Spine-like subunguinal seta s somewhat smaller than u��� of tarsi II and III. Tibiotarsus without ventral bend in area of tibia, ca. 3x as long as wide at base. Eupathidion p��� longer than p���, both located subapically, eupathidia tc��� and tc��� equal in length, located above mid-length of segment. Three tarsal setae pv���, pv��� and pl��� slender and sharp. Solenidion �� with subcylindrical head longer than its pedicel, similar in length to Ta II ��. Solenidion �� 2 smaller than �� 1, famulus k as long as �� 1. Seta Ge l��� stiff, pointed, slightly barbed. Femur I with weak ventral protrusion. Seta l��� on femur strong, stiff, barbed; d short, stiff, and sharp. Leg II: claws medium-sized. Seta u��� spine-like. Seta pl��� same in size as Ta II ��, located more distally. Seta tc��� subequal to other setae of segment, reaching slightly beyond tip of empodium. Seta Ge l��� thick, pointed, barbed. Seta Fe d short, tapering. Leg III: claws weaker than in leg II. Seta u��� spine-like. Seta tc��� longer than other setae of segment. Seta l��� missing from genu. Leg IV: free segments of leg shorter than femorogenu and tibia III. Femorogenu 2.8x as long as tibiotarsus. Femoral seta v��� subequal to genual v���. Seta Tb v��� shorter than length of femorogenu. Seta Ta tc��� 1.6x as long as entire leg IV. Measurements (holotype given first followed by 7 paratypes in parentheses) - body and tagmata: length of body: 165 (130���170); length of idiosoma: 155 (130���160); width of idiosoma (approx.): 100 (85���100); length of gnathosoma: 25 (22���25); width of gnathosoma: 16 (13���17); length of pharynx: 17 (16���20); width of pharynx: 5 (4��� 6). dgs: 8 (6���11); vgs: 6 (5���7). Dorsum: length of PrS: 55 (40���50); width of PrS: 84 (70���85)); distance between stigmata: 48 (37���45). Lengths of setae: v 1: 21 (16���20); sc 1: 20 (15���20); sc 2: 24 (22���23); c 2: 15 (12���17); c 1: 7 (5���10); d: 4 (5); e: 6 (6���8); f: 5 (5���6); h: 5 (5���6). Distances between setae: v 1 -v 1: 30 (27���31); sc 1 -sc 1: 35 (29���35); sc 2 -sc 2: 43 (36���42); c 2 -c 2: 90 (74���88); c 1 -c 1: 60 (53���60); d -d: 33 (28���33); e -e: 64 (58���63); e -f: 28 (23���28); f -f: 18 (11���18); h -h: 29 (24���32). Venter: lengths of setae: 1a: 5 (?); 2a: 10 (7���10); 3a: 8 (6���7); 3b: 6 (4���6); ps: 4 (4���4). Distances between setae: 1a -1a: 12 (10���11); 2a -2a: 28 (26���30); 3a -3a: 26 (22���28); 3b -3b: 25 (22���25); ps -ps: 16 (13���18). Length of PrP: 53 (48���55); width of PrP: 75 (65���75); ap. 2- 2: 33 (30���34). Length of tegula: 7 (8���9); width of tegula: 14 (12���15). Leg segments and leg setae (lengths): Tbt I: 20 (18���22); Ta I ��: 6 (5���7); Tb �� 2: 3; Tb �� 1: 5; Tb k: 5; Ta II ��: 5 (5-6); FeGe IV: 17 (15���21); Tbt IV: 7 (5���7); Ge IV v': 35 (33); Tb IV v': 13 (16���18); Ta IV tc": 39 (30���42). MALE and LARVA unknown. Type material. Female holotype (slide no. SO M1804) and 3 female paratypes, IRAN: Marand, Farfar village district, 45��40'52.15"E, 38��29'6.50"N, 1,276 m, from sample of litter and soil, 23 May 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 4 female paratypes, IRAN: Marand, Yam village district, 45��47'209"E, 38��21'234"N, 1,827 m, from soil, 25 April 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand. Type depositions. Holotype and 4 paratypes are deposited in the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; 3 paratypes in the collection of the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. Etymology. This species is named after the Marand city, East Azerbaijan, Iran, where the holotype and paratypes were collected. Differential diagnosis. Females of the new species are similar to Neotarsonemoides (N.) lucifer in having the similar pharynx structure; the same dorsal opisthosomal setae pattern (d, f and h stiff and blunt; e slender and sharp) and the short ps setae. However it differs from the latter in (1) having small prodorsal lateral lobes, which are not pronounced in N. lucifer; (2) having the irregular dimpled ornamentation of tergite C and ventral metapodosomal plate; (3) parallel apodemes not apparent vs. well pronounced in N. lucifer; and (4) the setation of FeGe III 1 +2 vs. 1+ 3 in N. lucifer., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804

Neotarsonemoides (N.) evae Magowski, 2002 Material examined. 1 female, Marand, Chirchir village district (45�� 48 ' 046"E, 38�� 36' 187"N, 1,429 m), sample of litter and soil, 15-August-2014, S. Gheblealivand coll. Diagnosis. Female: see Magowski (2002). Distribution. Central Europe: Poland (Kaliszewski 1982, Magowski 2002), Northwestern Iran: East Azerbaijan province (new record)., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Magowski, W. (2002) A new definition of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with redescription of five species and remarks on morphology, diagnostics and phylogeny. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 99, 47 - 99.","Kaliszewski, M. (1982) Tarsonemidae Polski (Tarsonemidae of Poland). Ph. D. theses, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 1020 pp. [in Polish]"]}

Neotarsonemoides (N.) occultus (Kaliszewski, 1983c) Material examined. 3 females, Jolfa, Gordian plain district, 45��42'442"E, 38��52'562"N, 970 m, from soil, 29 May 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand; 3 females, Marand district, 45��45'283"E, 38��25'935"N, 1,404 m, sample of litter and soil, 10 October 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand. Diagnosis. Female: see Magowski (2002). Distribution. Central Europe: Poland (Kaliszewski 1983c), Northwestern Iran: East Azerbaijan province (new record)., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Kaliszewski, M. (1983 c) Tarsonemus onchus n. sp. and Tarsonemus occultus n. sp. (Acari, Heterostigmae) from Poland. Bulletin de la Societe des Amis des Sciences et des Lettres de Poznan, Serie D Sciences Biologiques, 23, 183 - 194.","Magowski, W. (2002) A new definition of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with redescription of five species and remarks on morphology, diagnostics and phylogeny. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 99, 47 - 99."]}

Neotarsonemoides (N.) multiplex (Kaliszewski, 1983b) Material examined. 3 females, Jolfa, Nordooz town district, 46��01'492"E, 38��52'294"N, 767 m, from soil, 28 March 2014, coll. S. Gheblealivand. Diagnosis. Female: see Magowski (2002). Distribution. Central Europe: Poland (Kaliszewski 1983b), Northwestern Iran: East Azerbaijan province (new record)., Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Manzari, Shahab, Vahed, Mohammad Moghadam & Magowski, Wojciech ��., 2016, A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4184 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262804, {"references":["Kaliszewski, M. (1983 b) Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. VII. Description of Tarsonemus multiplex n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmae). Bulletin de L'Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Cl. II. Serie des Sciences Biologiques 29 (9 - 10), 401 - 407.","Magowski, W. (2002) A new definition of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with redescription of five species and remarks on morphology, diagnostics and phylogeny. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 99, 47 - 99."]}

Data-driven computational analysis is becoming increasingly important in biomedical research, as the amount of data being generated continues to grow. However, the lack of practices of sharing research outputs, such as data, source code and methods, affects transparency and reproducibility of studies, which are critical to the advancement of science. Many published studies are not reproducible due to insufficient documentation, code, and data being shared. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 453 manuscripts published between 2016-2021 and found that 50.1% of them fail to share the analytical code. Even among those that did disclose their code, a vast majority failed to offer additional research outputs, such as data. Furthermore, only one in ten papers organized their code in a structured and reproducible manner. We discovered a significant association between the presence of code availability statements and increased code availability (p=2.71×10 -9 ). Additionally, a greater proportion of studies conducting secondary analyses were inclined to share their code compared to those conducting primary analyses (p=1.15*10 -07 ). In light of our findings, we propose raising awareness of code sharing practices and taking immediate steps to enhance code availability to improve reproducibility in biomedical research. By increasing transparency and reproducibility, we can promote scientific rigor, encourage collaboration, and accelerate scientific discoveries. We must prioritize open science practices, including sharing code, data, and other research products, to ensure that biomedical research can be replicated and built upon by others in the scientific community.