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1. Expression and roles of the lipid-responsive receptors GPR119 and GPR120 in pancreatic islets

Author

Stone, Virginia May

Subjects
362.1964624
Abstract

The various endocrine cell types present in mammalian Islets of Langerhans express a range of lipid-responsive G-proteln coupled receptors (GPCRs) including GPR119 and GPR120. These are each reported to be expressed In islet beta-cells and GPR 119 has been Implicated In the augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by certain derivatives of long chain unsaturated fatty acids. By contrast GPR 120 does not appear to regulate insulin secretion and its role is unclear In addition to their ability to regulate hormone secretion long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives can also influence beta-cell viability but It IS unclear whether GPCRs are involved in mediating this response Therefore. the work undertaken in thesis has explored the possible involvement of GPR119 and GPR120 in the regulation of beta-cell viability. Long chain fatty acids exert differential effects on beta-cell viabilty according to their chain length and degree of unsaturation. Saturated molecules with chain lengths of C16 or greater are cytotoxic to beta-cells dunng chronic exposure, whereas the equivalent monounsaturates are well tolerated and can be cytoprotective Since GPR 119 and GPR 120 predominantly bind long chain unsaturated fatty acids (or their derivatives) it is possible that they might play a role. This has been studied using the clonal rat beta-cell lines BRIN-BD11 and INS-1 as well as a knockout mouse model in which GPR 120 expression was ablated. An endogenous ligand for GPR119 (oleoytetnanolamide OEA) was a potent cytoprotective agent in both clonal rat beta-cell lines However hydrolysis of OEA by endogenous fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) appeared to be necessary for cytoprotection. suggesting that free oleate rather than the parent molecule. OEA. might be the protective species Since free oleate does not activate GPR 119. this implies that cytoprotection does not require GPR 119 IIgatlon In support of this. four synthetic GPR119 aqonists failed to replicate the cytoprotection seen with OEA Manipulation of GPR120 production in clonal beta-cell lines (either by shRNA mediated knock-down or by inducible over-expression) did not alter the cytoprotective capacities of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that GPR120 is also unlikely to be involved in the cytoprotection. However, changes in GPR 120 expression were found to lead to alterations in the levels of a number of beta-cell genes including many that regulate inflammatory responses. Consistent with this, mice fed a diet enriched in long chain fatty acids displayed enhanced macrophage Infiltration into the islets suggesting the development of a pro- Inflammatory response Further study revealed, however, that this was not Influenced by ablation of GPR 120 and that it may reflect the change in islet volume associated with high fat feeding rather than altered GPR 120 signalling per se More surprisingly, it was established in the mouse, that GPR 120 is expressed predominantly in delta-cells rather than in beta-cells and a potential role in reputation of somatostatin secretion was revealed. Overall, therefore. the studies demonstrate that GPR119 and GPR120 may play roles in the control of islet hormone secretion but they do not appear to be involved in the regulation of cell viability mediated by long chain fatty acids.

Published
2012

2. Modified forced expiration technique using expiratory resistance in adults with cystic fibrosis

Author

Kathryn Watson, Emma Koenig, Ashleigh Bannister, Virginia Mayne, Angela Jacques, Abbey Sawyer, and Jamie Wood

Subjects
airway clearance, cystic fibrosis, positive expiratory pressure, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background Participation in airway clearance techniques (ACT) is important to minimise development of irreversible airway obstruction in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and expiratory resistance devices (ERD) are often used as they can improve collateral ventilation and aid in the shearing of mucus from airways. This project looked to identify whether utilising an ERD during a forced expiration technique (FET) improves ease of expectoration, sputum amount and coughing frequency in patients with CF. Method Patients with CF admitted for a respiratory exacerbation completed two sessions of 10 cycles of their usual ACT with half of the FET components performed with an ERD, half with FET alone. Results EOE, sputum wet weight, cough frequency and patient preference were similar between groups. Improved EOE without the ERD was found in participants who usually use PEP for their ACT regime. Conclusion Combining the FET with a PEP mask did not improve EOE and other outcomes in this small study. Investigating the efficacy of this technique within a larger population is warranted.

Published
2023
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3. The National Lung Screening Trial: Overview and Study Design

Author

Natalie Cunningham, Michael Khalili, John Waltz, Ralph Weiben, Deb Gurtner, Linda DeAlmeida, Sanjay Gupta, Sharon Maxfield, Crissy Kibic, Kathleen DeWitt, David DeMets, Walter Allen Bowman, Robert Epstein, Mia Burkhard, Stephen J. Swensen, Hattie Cromwell, Kianoush Rezai, Steadman Sankey, Lisa Scott Wasson, Rita Musanti, Tamim Malbari, Joy Ferola, Qimei He, Patty Trapnell, Melba Francis, Sam Quattlebaum, Joanice Thompson, Ana Birofka, Robin Griggs, Elizabeth Johnson, Margaret R. Spitz, Nicole Richardson, Yuting Liang, Lawrence G. Hutchins, Mirjana Tecmire, Lila Camara, James J. Navin, Eileen Frost, Diane Romano, Carrie Petkus, Eric J. Berns, Pei Jan P Lin, Steve D. Uttecht, Marian Acerra, Lawrence R. Ragard, Leo P. Lawler, Christopher M. Rogers, Alan Lee Goodwin, L. Ellen Martinusen, Melissa Ford, Michael T. Fisher, Beverly Powell, Cindy Lin, Jamie Downs, Brent Fodera, Bonita Wohlers, Michael Brangan, Peggy Bradley, Todd B. Burt, Susan Allen, Shiva Borgheian, Mingying Zeng, Thomas Riley, Danielle Gherardini, Steven Shiff, Olivia Campa, Wahied Gendi, Fang F. Xu, Ivana K. Kazda, Anne Chung, Briar Doi, Helen Price, Maria Vlachou, Alan Morgan, Simone Vuong, Pierre P. Massion, Darcy Watson, Debbie William, Esther Nakano, Karen Broski, David Creed, Melanie Bvorak, Lakisha Hawkins, Gladys Hino, Raymond Dauphinais, Michele Sallas, Helene Shiratori, Venus Brown, Denise Brooks, Heather Porter, Ilana F. Gareen, Tracy Lee, Melissa Cates, Kyle Turner, Tiffanie Hammond, Margaret Paquette, Lorraine Kerchum, Barbara Lewis, Douglas J. Reding, Thomas E. Hartman, Cathy Longden, Melissa Laron, Reza Abaya, Beborah Robertson, J W Semenkovich, Christine Holland, Hugh McGinley, Chani Montalbo, Karen Zubena, Vanessa Ralda, Adam C. Stein, Jennifer Ott, Lawrence M. Kotner, Jing Lee, Arnold Ssali, Michael Young, Quinn A. DeMordaunt, Linda V. White, Steve Dubinett, Pearl Chan, Roxana Phillips, Mallory Kolich, Brent B. Nelson, Phi Do, Jill Spivak, Angele LaFleur, Kesha Smith, Elayne Weslowsky, Patricia Nieters, Maurice LeBlanc, Satinder Singh, Lonna Matthews, Quentin McMullen, Karen Lappe, Sharon Longacre, Cindy Cobb, Jane A. Zehner, Michael Teepe, Pamela M. Marcus, Kathleen Bow, Wendy Francis, Mary Gemmel, Robert S. Fontana, Linda Jurjans, Barbara Ginther, Jonathan B. Clapp, Monica Richel, Scott F. Pickering, Brenda Edwards, Kendrick Looney, Randy Marshall, Roni Atkins, Danielle Wicks, Julie Peterson, Dcanna Cape, Albert J. Cook, Jerry Brekke, Louisa Turner, Larry Stoller, Mark B. Salerno, Bavid E. Midthun, Mark Delano, Minnetta Belyea, Deborah Greene, Jonathan Goldin, Terry Lewis, Virginia Fischer, Andrea Chapman, Shari Jordan, Deb Warren, Demetria Johnson, Rekha Khatri, Lisa Sirianni, Guillermo Geisse, Michael A. Fuchs, Kanya Kumbalasiri, Jeremy J. Erasmus, Vicki Shambaugh, Denise Boyles, Sarah Hallsky, Anna Nanovski, Jill Heinz, Mollie King, Kay Vydareny, Olga Soukhanova, Patricia Rueweler, Perry G. Pernicano, Regina Rendas-Baum, Phyllis Pirotte, Russell Harris, Neil Argyle, Miyoung Kim, June Krebsbach, Audrey Gallego, Sheila Wein, Mukesh F. Karwat, Karla Myra-Bloom, Pamela Byrnes, Mitchell D. Schnall, Hector Ahumada, Eric Sanchez, Donna DesMarais, Julie Maderitz, Cindy Lavergne, Lori Kirchoff, Patricia C. Sanders, Elizabeth Thielke, Michael Sullivan, Jennifer Gaegler, Janet Manual, Jennifer R. Heinz, Ray Zisumbo, Diane C. Strollo, Candace Mueller, Irene Mahon, Brenda Delfosse, Carolyn M. Johnson, William E. Grizzle, Merideth Stanley, Sylvan Green, Pamela Harvey, Lindsay Richardson, Brenda K. Brewer, Philip Costello, Deanna Zapolski, John Worrell, Jeffrey G. Schragin, David S. Alberts, Edward L. Korn, Tamara Owens, Hank Brastater, Kay Mathiesen-Viergutz, Mark Broschinsky, Paul W. Spirn, Grace Isaacs, John S. Waltz, Mitch Goodsitt, Christi Newton-Foster, Sharlene Snowden, Barbara Voight, Gail Bizer, Kathy McDonough, William Huynh, Eduard Van Stam, Robert A. Carlson, Mike Florzyk, Paula M. Jacobs, Joan Fuller, Mauren Grunenwald, Ann Bangerter, Jacksonville, Adriane Andersen, Tess Thompson, Kenneth Nowers, Stephanie Helwi, Martin J. Edelman, Emmanuel Omoba, Rubenia Flores, Kevin T. White, Patrick W. Wolfe, Michael Milacek, Sharon Gard, Brandon B. Bigby, Cynthia H. McCollough, Andrew Burnside, Sheryl L. Ogden, Maisha Pollard, Thomas K. Pilgram, Sydney Laster, Claudia J. Kasales, Bruce W. Turnbull, Cheri Haselhuhn, Laura N. Myers, Jean Jacobsen, Melissa Love, Gavin D. Watt, Cheryl Love, Gerald F. Abbott, Susanne Kozakowski, Jerry L. Montague, Cynthia Hill, Neil F. O'Donnell, Anna Sear, Thomas M. Beck, Jean Wegner, Chrispina Wray, Edward M. Brown, Louise Ledbetter, Karen Bellware, Julie Moody, Noel Bahr, Matthew T. Freedman, Thomas Hensley, John E. Madewell, Leanne Hadfield, David R. Maffitt, Lisa Cottrell, John J. Warner, Deborah Graham, Krystal Arnold, Alejandra Reyes, Kristin Lieberman, Derek Omori, Donna Garland, Mike Burek, Mel Johnson, Judith Harkins, Martha Fronheiser, M. Y. M. Chen, Dawn Simmons, Kathleen Voight, Aaron O. Bungum, Marianne Rice, Lakeshia Murray, Tami Krpata, Donna Sammons, Leslie Kmetty, Catherine Duda, Carissa Krzeczkowski, Anne Nguyen, Richard H. Lane, Cynthia Mack, Loren C. Macey, Eddy Wicklander, Kelly McDaniel, Sue Zahradka, Hassan Bourija, Cristina Farkas, Jincy George, Renae Kiffmeyer, Wendell Christie, Catherine Engartner, John Crump, Mimi Kim, Carol Steinberg, Reginald F. Munden, Deb Kirby, Jo Ann Stetz, Barbara O'Brien, Sally Tenorio, Laura Multerer, Carlotta McCalister-Cross, Jessica Silva-Gietzen, Tamara Saunders, Harvey Glazer, Cam Vashel, Maria Oh, Rodkise Estell, Steven M. Moore, Tara Riley, Grant Izmirlian, D. Claire Anderson, James Burner, Steven Peace, Phil Hoffman, Angela Del Pino, Brian Irons, Carlos Jamis-Dow, John K. Lawlor, Edward F. Patz, Jay Afiat, Amber Barrow, Bawn M. Beno, Melissa S. Fritz, Lynn Coppage, Scott J. Sheltra, Tim Swan, Jerry Bergen, Charlie Fenton, Eric Deaton, Marilyn J. Siegel, Korinna Vigeant, Kerry Engber, Sarah Merrill, Buddy Williams, Kimberly Stryker, Bradley S. Snyder, Christina Romo, Andrea Hugill, Michael J. O'Shea, Linda White, Gail Fellows, Yasmeen Hafeez, Joe Woodside, Shauna Dave Scholl, Philip C. Prorok, Sharon Carmen, Kelly Hatton, Steven V. Marx, Sooah Kim, Robert Kobistek, Dawn Thomas, Lea Momongan, Chris Steward, Kari Bohman, Holly Bradford, Bradley S. Sabloff, Phillip Peterson, William C. Black, Lisa Pineda, James G. Ravenel, Karen Taylor, Beverly Trombley, Mona N. Fouad, Amber McDonald, Lauren J. Ramsay, Lisa Harmon, Jeffrey Geiger, David L. Spizarny, Jeffrey S. Klein, Xizeng Wu, Heather Tumberlinson, Joy Espiritu, Gina Varner, Dawn Fuehrer, Eric A. Hoffman, Sheila Moesinger, Nina Wadhwa, Steve King, Patricia Lavernick, Paola Spicker, Timothy R. Church, Cheryl Whistle, Sheila Greenup, Patricia Fantuz, Stephanie Levi, Peter Balkin, Mary E. Johnson, Johanna Ziegler, Susan Hoffman, Kathy L. Clingan, Craig Kuhlka, Maria Marchese, Lawrence F Cohen, Cylen Javidan-Nejad, Wilbur A. Franklin, Kevin J. Leonard, Tim A. Parritt, Jade Quijano, Kathleen Poler, Jennifer Rosenbaum, Xiuli Zhang, Christine Brown, Terri David-Schlegel, Susan M. Peterson, James R. Jett, Kenneth W. Clark, Edward P. Gelmann, Arthur Migo, Patricia Fox, Lori Hamm, Janie McMahon, Darlene Guillette, Robert C. Young, Patty Beckmann, Jerome Jones, Nikki Jablonsky, Roberta Yoffie, Heather L. Bradley, Darlene Higgins, Francine L. Jacobson, Christine B. Berg, Mark Bramwitt, Constantine N. Petrochko, Karen Stokes, Jennifer Rowe, Kathy McKeeta-Frobeck, Brenda Sleasman, Courtney Bell, Dave Tripp, Saundra S. Buys, Susan Walsh, Jo Rean D. Sicks, Richard G. Barr, Kirk Midkiff, Tom Caldwell, Elisabeth A. Grady, Subbarao Inampudi, Marilyn Calulot, Paul A. Kvale, Alice DuChateau, Kathy Berreth, Ruth Holdener, Katie Kuenhold, Thomas E. Warfel, David P. Naidich, Mandie Leming, Fraser Wilton, Leanne Franceshelli, Kathleen McMurtrie, Elaine Bowman, Donald F. Bittner, Helen Kaemmerer, Merri Mullennix, Adelheid Lowery, Andrew Karellas, Jenny Hirschy, Kate Naughton, Ashley B. Long, Kristin M. Gerndt, Kathleen Young, Richard M. Schwartzstein, Wendy Smith, Joseph Aisner, Shane Ball, Kathleen Krach, Cathy Mueller, Virginia May, Christopher Blue, Marsha Lawrence, Ronald S. Kuzo, Colleen McGuire, Alisha Moore, Sara Cantrell, Christie Leary, Pamela Allen, Maryann Trotta, Clifford Caughman, Peggy J. Gocala, Brian Mullen, Janan Alkilidar, Maryann Duggan, Lin Mueller, Alesis Nieves, Fenghai Duan, Frederick Olson, Edwin G. Williams, Jo Ann Hall Sky, Grant Izmirilian, Peggy Joyce, Judy Preston, Cristine Juul, Julianne Falcone, Bruce Neilson, Fla Lisa Beagle, Beth Evans, Jamie Mood, Janet Bishop, Jean Tsukamoto, Vivien Gardner, Gillian Devereux, Minesh Patel, Sally Fraki, Celia Stolin, Ami Lyn Taplin, Stephenie Johnson, Saeed Matinkhah, Jenna Bradford, Sanjeev Bhalla, Charles Jackson, Julie Haglage, Darlene R. Fleming, Allie M. Bell, Paul A. Bunn, Gail Orvis, Andrew J. Bierhals, Julie Ngo, Belores K. Prudoehl, Elaine N. Daniel, Peggy Olson, Paul F. Pinsky, Glenna M. Fehrmann, Aras Acemgil, Andrea Hamilton-Foss, Leeta Grayson, Smita Patel, Scott Emerson, Carl J. Zylak, James R. Maxwell, Jennifer Fleischer, Suzanne Smith, Jacqueline R. Sheeran, Alan Williams, Scott Gaerte, John Fletcher, Sonya Clark, Nancy Gankiewicz, Stuart S. Sagel, Jason Spaulding, Nancy E. Hanson, Nicole Fields, Richard D. Nawfel, Dinakar Gopalakrishnan, Margaret Oechsli, Susan Wenmoth, Isabelle Forter, Elizabeth Morrell, Jessica Rider, Letitia Clark, Michael Woo, Cynthia A. Brown, Camille Mueller, Mark T. Dransfield, Lois M. Roberts, Anne Randall, Eduard J. Gamito, Carrie O'Brien, Carolyn Palazzolo, Julie Schach, Robert Falk, Melissa Hudson, Jennifer Garcia Livingston, Cynthia L. Andrist, Tammy Fox, Elliott Drake, Tanya Zeiger, Renee Metz, Kevin Thomas, Neha Kumar, Elizabeth Couch, Beborah Bay, Mei Hsiu Chen, Jason Bronfman, Philip Dennis, Deb Engelhard, Pamela McBride, Daniel Kimball, Amy Haas, Pamela M. Mazuerk, Marlea Osterhout, Venetia Cooke, Tina Taylor, Amy St.Claire, Joe Hughes, Becky McElsain, Beverly Brittain, Michele Adkinson, Paige Beck, Martha Maineiro, Paula R. Beerman, Jackie Seivert, Mary M. Pollock, Donald Corle, Tina Herron, Marcella Petruzzi, Natalie F. Scully, Kenneth A. Coleman, Jennifer Yang, Debra Loria, Wendy Moss, Alan Brisendine, Cheryl M. Lewis, Dalphany Blalock, Lonni Schultz, Douglas Bashford, Nora Szabo, David Shea, Amanda Devore, Karen Schleip, Judy Netzer, Barry Clot, Gerald M. Mulligan, Nancy E. Krieger Black, David Schultz, Jim Pool, Craig E. Leymaster, Kathryn Rabanal, Kay Bohn, Tara Berg, Marisol Furlong, Stacey Mitchell, Donna Biracree, Laura Jones, Cassie Olson, Robin Stewart, Jeremy Pierce, Marilyn Bruger, Valene Kennedy, Stephanie Davis, Colin O'Donnell, Glenn A. Tung, Shannon Wright, William Lake, Sharon Jones, Vincent Girardi, Brad Benjamin, Veenu Harjani, Drew A. Torigian, Kevin Edelman, Sue Frederickson, Paul E. Smart, Michelle Wann Haynes, D S Gierada, Glenn Fletcher, Rosalie Ronan, Patricia Ann Street, Eleace Eldridge-Smith, Lynly Wilcox, Cindy Lewis-Burke, La Tonja Davis, Rachel Black Thomas, Dawn Shone, Evangeline Griesemer, Tim Budd, Lindsey Dymond, Marlene Semansky, Amy Rueth, Constantine Gatsonis, Kay H. Vydareny, Usha Singh, Amy Lita Evangelista, Angelica C. Barrett, Bethany Pitino, Shirley Wachholz, Angela M. Williams, Sandra Fiarman, Karen Luttrop, David Chellini, Michael Bradley, Helen Fink, Aaron Zirbes, Roger Inatomi, Joon K. Lee, Heather Bishop Blake, Lisa Woodard, Craig Hritz, Sarah Neff, Aine Marie Kelly, Deborah Harbison, Baigalmaa Yondonsambuu, Amy Lloyd, Christine Gjertson, Erin Cunningham, Angelee Mean, June Morfit, Ping Hu, William Thomas, Jazman Brooke, Paul Marcus, Jeremy Gorelick, Erin Lange, William Stanford, Denise R. Aberle, Lena Glick, Annabelle Lee, Ian Malcomb, Deanna L. Miller, Mary Mesnard, Jacqueline Jackson, Jhenny Hernandez, Desiree E. Morgan, Howard I. Jolies, Jacquie Marietta, Teresa Lanning, Debra Rempinski, Amanda C. Davis, Karen Mathews Batton, Mahadevappa Mahesh, Erik Wilson, Deana Nelson, Sharan L. Campleman, William Manor, Julie Sears, Howard Mann, E. David Crawford, Carl Krinopol, Greg Gambill, Margo Cousins, Rex C. Yung, Sangeeta Tekchandani, Thomas Vahey, Ann D. McGinnis, Kimberly Nolan, Kaylene Crawford, Kelli P. Rockwell, Dana Roeshe, Fred W. Prior, Kari Ranae Kramer, Heidi Nordstrom, Frank Stahan, Shawn Sams, Cherie Baiton, Joy Tani, Thomas J. Watson, Angela Cosas, Diane Kowalik, Pritha Dalal, Ann Jolly, Jeanine Wade, Laura Bailey, Julie Varner, Glen K. Nyborg, Christopher Toyn, David Gemmel, Susanna N. Dyer, Laurie Amendolare, Mary Ellen Frebes, Judy Ho, Adele Perryman, John Keller, D. Sullivan, George Mahoney, Scott Cupp, Linda L. Welch, Peter Greenwald, Robert Sole, Marcello Grigolo, Caroline Chiles, Patricia Sheridan, Deborah M. Chewar, Vijayasri Narayanaswami, Susan Blackwell, Suzanne B. Lenz, Alphonso Dial, Melvin Tockman, Carolyn Hill, John Stubblefield, Catherine E. Smith, Judith Lobaugh, Rosa M. Medina, Jackie Meier, Nandita Bhattacharjee, Robert Tokarz, Lisa Clement, Nancy Caird, Cindy Masiejczyk, Patricia Shwarts, Laura Springhetti, Sandra Schornak-Curtis, Edwin F. Donnelly, Patricia Tesch, Laurie Rathmell, Pamela K. Woodard, Edward A. Sausville, David R. Pickens, Kylee Hansen, Paulette Williams, Barbara Ferris, Rachel L. McCall, Nicole M. Carmichael, Dawn Whistler, Ramachandra Chanapatna, Glynis Marsh, Mary Wiseman, Tony DeAngelis, L. Heather, Vicki Prayer, Robin Laura, Priscilla Bland, Gregory W. Gladish, Amy Garrett, Kelly McNulty, Daniel J. Pluta, Mylene T. Truong, Serelda Young, Crista Cimis, Gordon Jacob Sen, Rhonda Rosario, Anthony B. Miller, Edward Hunt, Juanita Helms, Jill K. Bronson, Jeff Yates, Ginette D. Turgeon, Bo Lu, Nancy Fredericks, Pam Senn, Ryan Pena, Hakan Sahin, Mary Lynn Steele, Jill E. Cordes, Noel Maddy, R. Adam DeBaugh, Hope Hooks, Zipporah Lewis, Robert L. Berger, Shani Harris, Natalie Gray, Jennifer Kasecamp, Elizabeth King, Jacinta Mattingly, Hrudaya Nath, Kathy Torrence, Christine Cole Johnson, Sara Mc Clellan, Kalin Albertsen, Kim Sprenger, Ryan Norton, Jody Wietharn Kristopher, Linda Warren, Byung Choi, Casey O'Quinn, Mark K. Haron, Chris J. Jennings, Karen Robinson, Joan Molton, Dorothy Hastings, Robert I. Garver, Christopher J. Cangelosi, Jeannette Lynch, Peter Ohan, Angela Campbell, Dawn Mead, Miriam Galbraith, Divine Hartwell, Natalya Portnov, Gene L. Colice, Andetta R. Hunsaker, Analisa Somoza, Todd Risa, Daniel C. Sullivan, Karthikeyan Meganathan, Tammy DeCoste, Peter Zamora, Richard M. Fagerstrom, Iiana Gareen, Phyllis J. Walters, Barbara L. Carter, Alem Mulugeta, Rob Bowman, Kavita Garg, Andrea Franco, Mary Adams Zafar Awan, Edward Reed Smith, Rachel Phillips, Michelle Aganon-Acheta, Fred R. Hirsch, Peter Jenkins, Pamela Taybus, Joy Knowles, Karen M. Horton, Cheryl Spoutz-Ryan, Sarah Landes, William G. Hocking, Laura B. Schroeder, Erini Makariou, Jered Sieren, Kaylene Evans, Erin Nekervis, Brenda Polding, Tonda Robinson, Joel L. Weissfeld, Terry J. Sackett, Michael F. McNitt-Gray, Leslie Dobson, Raymond Weatherby, Randell Kruger, Revathy B. Iyer, Mary Krisk, Anthony Levering, Susan Collins, Alison Schmidt, William M. Hanson, Patricia Schuler, Karen Glanz, Morgan Ford, Beatrice Trotman-Bickenson, Richard Guzman, Paul Koppel, Judith K. Amorosa, Meredith Slear, Dayna Love, Carol Vaughn, Kellyn Adams, Celeste Monje, Garry Morrison, Sherri Mesquita, Paul Cronin, Tony Blake, Constance Elbon-Copp, Robert A. Clark, Felix Mestas, Erich Allman, Armen Markarian, Cheryl Souza, Karen O’Toole, Elliot K. Fishman, Karen Augustine, Jane Hill, Bonnie Kwit, Ralph Drosten, Susan Foley, Stacy E. Smith, Angie Bailey, Jennifer Bishop Kaufmann, Shelly Meese, Phillip M. Boiselle, Howard Morrow, Thomas D. Hinke, Barry Edelstein, Erin Schuler, William C. Bailey, Donna Letizia, David S. Gierada, Frederick J. Larke, Robin Haverman, Sarah Baum, Sally Hurst, Richard L. Morin, Ben Dickstein, William Russell, J. Anthony Seibert, Sophia Sabina, Mary Alyce Riley, Michael A. Taylor, Katherine BeAngelis, Robert A. Hawkins, Fernando R. Gutierrez, Amie Welch, Heather Lancor, George Armah, James Blaine, Eric Henricks, Joel Dunnington, Carole Walker, Laura Motley, Melody Kolich, Bruce J. Hillman, David W. Sturges, Mindy Lofthouse, Amy Warren, Michael Black, Mark Kolich, Lisa A. Holloway, Shannon M. Pretzel, Susan Shannon, Yassminda Harts, Dallas Sorrel, Lance A. Yokochi, Diana Wisler, Arthur Sandy, Roberta Clune, Shirley Terrian, Shalonda Manning, Bradley Willcox, Thomas J. Payne, James L. Tatum, Dale Brawner, Sandy Morales, Rodolfo C. Morice, Amy Vieth, Emily Jewitt, Chelsea O'Carroll, Theresa C. McLoud, John E. Langenfeld, Chris H. Cagnon, Lisa B. Hinshaw, Gena Kucera, Helena R. Richter, Drew Torigian, June McSwain, Courtney Eysmans, Vinis Salazar, David Spizarny, Mary Kelly-Truran, Mark Whitty, Henry Albano, Connie L. Sathre, William R. Geiser, Barnett S. Kramer, Marianna Gustitis, Gordon C. Jones, Neil E. Caporaso, Timothy Welsh, Roger Tischner, Ana Maria Mendez, Dominick A. Antico, Cathy L. Bornhorst, Carla Chadwell, Stephanie Pawlak, Kelli M. West, Joe V. Selby, Randall Kruger, Jodi Hildestad, Elaine Freesmeier, Nicole Rivas, Andrew Goodman, Naima Vera-Gonzalez, Stuart Lutzker, Eric M. Hart, Melanie Yeh, Shane Sorrell, Deb Multerer, Sharon Jacoby, Debbie Gembala, Elizabeth Fleming, Myrle Johnson, Michael J. Flynn, Frank Tabrah, Martin L. Schwartz, Deanna Mandley, Brad Siga, Guillermo Marquez, Jeffrey Koford, Victoria Jenkins, Janice Pitts, Constantine A. Gatsonis, Natalie Baptiste, Edith M. Marom, Gina Sammons, Anne Burrough, Martha Ramirez, Jack Cahill, Carl Jaffe, Linda Heinrichs, Aura Cole, Paul Rust, Alon Coppens, Gregg Hamm, Lisa Conklin, Kathleen A. Robbins, Carleaner Williams, Gwen Chalom, Winston Sterling, Colleen Hudak, Lea Matous, Ella A. Kazerooni, Denise Kriescher, David A. Lynch, Liz Bolan, Jacob Wolf, Jonathan G. Goldin, Roberta Quinn, L. A. Schneider, Kathleen A. Murray, Erica Sturgeon, Jennifer Avrin, Michelle T. Biringer, Mark Hinson, Cynthia Reiners, Brian Chin, Amy Brunst, Ann M. Lambrecht, Katherine Lohmann, Jennifer Bacon, Ulander Giles, Diane Shepherd, William T. Corey, Timothy Cosgrove, Lana C. Walters, Nancy Kadish, Hilary C. Nosker, Christine D. Berg, Thomas Payne, Jackie Becker, Kanistha Sookpisal, Lyn Seguin, Todd R. Hazelton, Roy Adaniya, James Fisher, Annmarie Walsh, Shirleen Hyun, Laura Stark, Kenneth Hansen, Carolyn Nelson, Martin Tammemagi, Mary A. Wolfsberger, Barry H. Gross, Valentina Ortico, Marge Watry, Jeff Childs, Gabe Herron, Loretta Thorpe, Lisa Damon, Evanthia Papadopoulos, Denise Moline, Voula E. Christopoulos, John D. Minna, Tony Jones, Mitchell Machtay, Michael Plunkett, Melissa Laughren, Luis Zagarra, Adam Leming, Eda Ordonez, Chris Howell, Marissa Peters, Wendy Mosiman, Joanne Gerber, Alfonso Lorenzo, Barbara L. McComb, Laura Hill, Gale Christensen, Hanna Comer, Carmen Guzman, Kathy Taylor, Misty Oviatt, Malcolm King, Lily Stone, Rex Welsh, Bernadette Pennetta, Cristina Raver, Jan E. Hyder, Stephanie Clabo, Peggy Lau, Jacqueline Fearon, Patricia Pangburn, Pamela Dow, William K. Evans, Victor De Caravalho, Mike Wirth, Brooke Johnson, Meridith Blevins, Lisa H. Gren, Sharon L. Kurjan, James P. Evans, Kirk E. Smith, Donna King, John A. Worrell, Mindy S. Geisser, Philip F. Judy, Richard Barr, Sue Misko, Stanley R. Phillips, Jillian Nickel, Christine M. McKey, Joe Austin, Donna Hartfeil, Laura Young, Shovonna White, Alexis K. Potemkin, Anthony Boulos, Tawny Martin, Karen Kofka, Heather McLaughlin, Matthew K. Siemionko, Melissa Houston, Angela Lee Rowley, Adys Fernandez, Murray Backer, Jagdish Singh, Mary Weston, Nancy Payte, Charles Apgar, John K. Gohagan, Jeff Fairbanks, Wylie Burke, David Chi, Michael Nahill, Kevin DeMarco, Karen Patella, Beverly Rozanok, Carol M. Moser, Nicole Matetic Mac, Karen Boyle, Dinah Lorenzo, Elanor Adkins, Phyllis Olsson, Amanda M. Adams, Sujaya Rao, K.E. Jones, Polly Kay, D. Lynn Werner, John B. Weaver, Sally Anne Kopesec, Jennifer Frye, Victoria Chun, Cathy Francow, Cheri Whiton, Jo Ann Nevilles, Andrew Bodd, Barbara Galen, Sabrina Chen, Cindy Cyphert, Stephen M. Moore, Petra J. Lewis, Shanna Nichols, Mareie Walters, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Warren B. Gefter, Peter Dubbs, Ann Reinert, Holly Washburn, Renee MacDonald, Boleyn R. Andrist, Dianalyn M. Evans, Marvin Flores, Tricia Adrales-Bentz, Claudine Isaacs, Regina C. MacDougall, Greg M. Silverman, Nichoie Cadez, Lynne Bradford, Rochelle Williams, Angela M. McLaughlin, Ellen Sandberg, Cheryl Crozier, Robert Mayer, Richard P. Remitz, Sheron Bube, Leroy Riley, Vish Iyer, Sophie Breer, Stephen Baylin, Anna Boyle, Shannon Williams, Kristen Keating, Martin M. Oken, Gerald L. Andriole, Bruce E. Hubler, Eric T. Goodman, David Engelhart, Bonna Au, Brianne Whittaker, Tricia Hoffa, Eng Brown, Tammy Wolfsohn, Denise L. Foster, Barry H. Cohen, Linda Galocy, Matthew T. Bee, Jacqueline Matuza, Leslie Henry, Katherine Meagher, Mona Fouad, Beth McLellan, Troy Cook, John Sheflin, Lilian Villaruz, Marcella Moore, Brandy Mack-Pipkin, Vanessa Graves, Ryan Weyls, William T. Herbick, Geoffrey McLennan, Lynn Hoese, Janise Webb, Terrie Kitchner, Michele Lee, Robert T. Greenlee, Charles C. Matthews, Nicole Spiese, Jeffrey Heffernon, Dianna D. Cody, Patricia Blair, Kathy Garrett, Michael A. Sullivan, and Loretta Granger

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Mortality rate, medicine.disease, law.invention, Quality-adjusted life year, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, National Lung Screening Trial, Radiology, Overdiagnosis, business, Lung cancer, Lung cancer screening, Mass screening
Abstract

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) is a randomized multicenter study comparing low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) with chest radiography in the screening of older current and former heavy smokers for early detection of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Five-year survival rates approach 70% with surgical resection of stage IA disease; however, more than 75% of individuals have incurable locally advanced or metastatic disease, the latter having a 5-year survival of less than 5%. It is plausible that treatment should be more effective and the likelihood of death decreased if asymptomatic lung cancer is detected through screening early enough in its preclinical phase. For these reasons, there is intense interest and intuitive appeal in lung cancer screening with low-dose CT. The use of survival as the determinant of screening effectiveness is, however, confounded by the well-described biases of lead time, length, and overdiagnosis. Despite previous attempts, no test has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality, an endpoint that circumvents screening biases and provides a definitive measure of benefit when assessed in a randomized controlled trial that enables comparison of mortality rates between screened individuals and a control group that does not undergo the screening intervention of interest. The NLST is such a trial. The rationale for and design of the NLST are presented.

Published
2011
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7. Explorando factores predictores de la competencia digital en las redes sociales virtuales

Author

Virginia Mayor Buzón, Rafael García Pérez, and Ángeles Rebollo Catalán

Subjects
Tecnologías de la web 2.0, redes sociales, competencia digital, profesorado, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640, Technology, Social Sciences
Abstract

Este estudio analiza los factores predictores que inciden en las competencias digitales en las redes sociales. Para ello, se realiza una encuesta a profesorado en formación, de cuyos resultados se extrae, entre otros, la importancia que tienen las actitudes hacia las tecnologías en todos los niveles de habilidad digital. Además, las competencias digitales básicas dependen de la intensidad de uso de las redes, siendo la variable motivos de uso de las redes sociales predictora del nivel moderado de competencia digital, mientras que el género es determinante para lograr alcanzar un nivel avanzado de dicha competencia. Los resultados de este estudio concuerdan con los de investigaciones realizadas previamente y permiten extraer conclusiones válidas y fiables para el diseño de programas de formación en el uso de las redes sociales como recurso pedagógico y educativo.

Published
2019
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