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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has affected over 387 million patients globally, expected to reach 592 million by the end of 2035. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by either insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed to estimate the levels of different bone markers; serum Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and calcium in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). The study was conducted on patients aged 20–50 years diagnosed with T2DM, who were attending the outpatient/inpatient department of internal medicine. Results: The levels of calcium were decreased in the patients with diabetes and also the study proved a negative correlation between calcium and random plasma glucose (RPG). There was a significant negative correlation between RPG and serum 25(OH)D3. Conclusion: We conclude that Vitamin D insufficiency is frequent in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Sunshine exposure daily for 15 min on the face and hands is necessary to elevate the sunlight Vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dit onderzoek laat zien dat de verpleeghuisarts een belangrijke taak heeft in de preventie, diagnostiek en behandeling van osteoporose bij ouderen die ter revalidatie worden opgenomen in het verpleeghuis. Bij 96 patiënten met een status na heupoperatie (door fractuur of coxartrose) werd onderzoek verricht naar vitamine-D deficiëntie en calcium-inname. Hiervan had 36% een vitamine-D deficiëntie (vitamine-D < 30nmol/l) en 68% een te lage calcium-inname via de voeding (dagelijkse intake

Purpose It is known that vitamin D deficiency has a role in the formation of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, many types of cancer and heart diseases. This study was conducted to demonstrate the role of vitamin D in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the patients who applied to Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital endocrinology outpatient clinic between the ages of 16 and 50 were evaluated with ultrasonographically consistent with chronic thyroiditis, serologically antibody positive (anti T, anti M), euthyroid, body mass index (BMI) 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, in this study, it was seen that there may be a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency. Since vitamin D levels were found to be deficient in the control group, a clear interpretation cannot be made regarding the correlation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency based on the findings of this study. We hope that our study will be helpful for further studies that will investigate the relationship between autoimmune thyroid diseases and vitamin D deficiency.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of light on the amount of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] in the processed serums of the participants that have been referred to the diagnostic lab (King Diagnostic Laboratory) which process tests for around 150 collection sites around ErbiL, Iraq. Scientists and researchers have declared a strong association between vitamin D status and various health issues. Many studies have now shifted to the interaction among/between genes and environment that impact different illnesses correlated with vitamin D. During the periods between 01/April/2020 till 01/April/2021, the total number of cases (N = 5800) of vitamin D content detection in serum have been performed. However, this investigation found that there was a high deficiency (%) in vitamin D levels (nearly 80 %) among the participants contributed to our study and data analysis revealed that they had 25-(OH) D levels very less at 20 μg/L concentration. The amount of vitamin D levels did not vary about with respect to gender and no statistical significance between female and male participants were observed (P > 0.05), moreover, the variation in the group that was subjected to light differed significiantly (P > 0.05). The present research work reveals that there is a significant variation in the use of dark and light collection and testing tube in the process of detecting serum vitamin D levels.

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem and approaches that consider Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) can bring new perspectives of solution. About 80% of the amount of vitamin D that the body needs is produced endogenously through exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. The average UVB exposure in urban areas will depend in part on the local climate and the amount of cover and types of trees. The study analyzed the association between green areas and vitamin D levels. A sample of 101 women aged 35 years and over, living in the city of Araraquara, Brazil, was analyzed. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated as an indicator of exposure to green areas, being defined as the surrounding residential vegetation. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between residential vegetation index and vitamin D status. A statistically significant positive association was observed between exposure to below-median residential surrounding vegetation index and prevalence of insufficient levels of 25(HO)D (P=0,03). The study shows that lower levels of residential green are associated with a higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. NbS approaches contribute to a better understanding of suitable environments for achieving good levels of vitamin D, avoiding the need for pharmaceutical supplementation of the nutrient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il est connu depuis longtemps que l’environnement influence l’asthme par effets des allergènes, des irritants et de la pollution atmosphérique sur l’arbre bronchique. De nouveaux facteurs sont de plus en plus décrits dans l’apparition ou l’aggravation de l’asthme mais peu rechercher en pratique. L’environnement interne domestique ou professionnel, dont lequel nous passons plus de temps peut contribuer à l’apparition ou l’aggravation d’un asthme. Cet environnement est complexe. Il est composé d’allergènes, de produits chimiques, de gaz, d’animaux et de produits électriques. Ces facteurs peuvent majorer l’inflammation bronchique et entrainant ainsi un non contrôle de l’asthme. Par ailleurs, en raison du changement du mode de vie, on est moins exposé au soleil ; Ce qui favorise le déficit en vitamine D, qui va majorer l’inflammation bronchique et le risque d’infections respiratoires. La conséquence sera l’augmentation de la fréquence des exacerbations et du non contrôle de l’asthme. Tout récemment, les chercheurs ont démontré l’implication de tous ces facteurs environnementaux dans la perturbation du microbiome respiratoire nécessaire dans la régulation de l’inflammation bronchique.

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Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COVID-19 can lead to various complications, including severe respiratory symptoms. Both viral infections and total thyroidectomy are known to cause hypocalcemia, making a history of thyroidectomy a potential risk factor for hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with Graves' disease who developed hypocalcemia due to COVID-19 following a total thyroidectomy. The patient underwent an uneventful total thyroidectomy, with preservation of at least three of the four parathyroid glands. Postoperatively, her parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were normal, and she was discharged without tetany. However, on postoperative day 90, she experienced mild hypocalcemia during a COVID-19 infection, although it was asymptomatic. By postoperative day 127, she presented with severe tetany and general malaise. Testing confirmed a reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and hypocalcemia, while PTH levels remained normal. Treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate, oral calcium lactate, and alfacalcidol effectively resolved the hypocalcemia and tetany. The patient was subsequently discharged without tetany and has since been monitored without the need for calcium or vitamin D supplementation. This case highlights that the COVID-19 infection following a total thyroidectomy can cause hypocalcemia. Postoperative hypocalcemia is a common issue in head and neck surgery, and viral infections like COVID-19 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Asahikawa Medical University Institutional Review Board issued approval 24077. The study was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for data collection was obtained from the Asahikawa University Institutional Review Board (#24077). Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Inoue et al.)

INTRODUCTION : l’ostéomalacie est une ostéopathie raréfiante secondaire à un défaut de minéralisation de la trame osseuse. Son diagnostic est le plus souvent porté au stade de complications car ses manifestations sont diverses et souvent méconnues. But : Etudier les profils cliniques, biologiques et étiologiques de l’ostéomalacie. Méthodes: il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective colligeant tous les dossiers d’ostéomalacie hospitalisés entre Mai 2006 et Janvier 2014. Résultats: notre étude a inclus 30 cas d’ostéomalacie avec un âge moyen de 55 ans [29 ans - 82 ans]. Une nette prédominance féminine était notée avec un sexe ratio de 0.11. Tous nos patients avaient un régime hypo-calcique et une seule patiente avait un régime suffisant en vitamine D. Tous les patients présentaient des douleurs osseuses à l’examen et 80% d’entre eux présentaient un trouble de la marche. Les déformations ont été notées dans la moitié des cas. Sur le plan biologique, la baisse de la 25 OH vit D était constamment retrouvée suivie par l’augmentation des phosphatases alcalines (90%), alors que l’hypocalcémie et l’hypophosphorémie étaient présentes chez respectivement 46,6 et 50% des cas. La carence en vitamine D était la cause retenue dans la majorité des cas (86.6%). Une malabsorption a été notée dans 2 cas. Conclusion: a travers notre travail, nous avons mis en évidence plusieurs formes évoluées d’OM. Ceci impose un dépistage précoce et une enquête étiologique minutieuse.

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Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) etiopathogenesis is still not well elucidated. It has recently been proven that 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) has an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role. Our objectives were to measure 25OHD plasma levels in patients with BD in acute decompensation and compare them with patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and with healthy controls.Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study including male inpatients with a decompensation of their disease who were diagnosed with BD, SCZ or SAD according to DSM-5 criterias. The control group was constituted by unrelated healthy subjects, age-and-sex matched.Results: The 25OHD level was significantly higher only in patients with BD compared to controls. 25OHD was also positively correlated to the PANSS scale (r = 0.282, p < 0.001) and to different MOCA scores (r = 0.326, p = 0.006) as well as aspects related to abstraction, attention and memory capacity. Multivariate analysis found that BD acute decompensation was independently related to the rise in plasma 25OHD (p = 0.012; OR =1.157, [1.032 -1.297]).Conclusion: Our study shows that BD acute decompensation is associated with the rise in plasma 25OHD synthesis. However, the vitamin D dosage relevance as a biomarker of this disease warrants a verification in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rates are high in China, but there are still a considerable number of cases who have unfavourable treatment outcomes (UTO). We aimed to determine the proportion of TB patients with UTO and to assess whether baseline characteristics that included glycaemic status [normal fasting blood glucose (FBG), transient hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM)] and vitamin D status were associated with UTO.Method: Prospective cohort study conducted between November 2015 and July 2016 at six clinics within routine TB services in Jilin province, where persons with TB were consecutively recruited. Data analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression.Results: Of the 306 recruited TB patients, 96 (31.4%) had smear-positive pulmonary TB, 187 (61.1%) had smear-negative pulmonary TB and 23 (7.5%) had extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Of these, 95 (31.1%) had normal blood glucose, 83 (27.1%) had transient hyperglycaemia and 128 (41.8%) had DM. 227 (74.2%) patients had vitamin D deficiency/severe deficiency. There were 125 (40.8%) patients with UTO of whom the majority were lost to follow-up (57.6%) or not evaluated (28.8%). UTO was significantly associated with smear-negative pulmonary TB (P = 0.009), EPTB (P < 0.001) and DM (P = 0.007).Conclusion: The proportion of TB patients with UTO increased with smear-negative pulmonary TB, EPTB and DM. TB programmes need to pay more attention to these issues and ensure intensive patient support to those at risk and early detection of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Highlights • Hypovitaminosis D was observed in 47% of HIV-infected patients despite a two-year supplementation as recommended by the guidelines. • No significant correlation between vitamin D supplementation and the 2-year inflammation outcome was observed. • However, a decrease in some inflammation markers correlated with reaching a normal vitamin D level. • Vitamin D supplementation prescription to HIV-infected patients should therefore be coupled with compliance monitoring and vitamin D level monitoring to ensure therapeutic targets are met. • The efficacy and impact of vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of inflammation-related comorbidities still need to be determined. Abstract Objective To assess whether vitamin D supplementation could be associated with a modification of inflammatory markers and bone turnover in HIV-1-infected patients. Patients and methods Patients who participated in an initial survey in 2010 and who were followed in the same department were included in a new study in 2012. Between 2010 and 2012, vitamin D supplementation was offered to patients presenting with hypovitaminosis D as per appropriate guidelines. Clinical examinations were performed, and fasting blood samples were taken for inflammation and bone marker evaluations. Results Of the 263 patients who participated in the 2010 study, 198 were included in the 2012 study. Hypovitaminosis D was observed in 47% (36/77) of participants supplemented as per appropriate guidelines, in 78% (75/97) of transiently or incompletely supplemented participants, and in 71% (17/24) of non-supplemented participants (mainly because vitamin D levels in 2010 were normal). No significant correlation between vitamin D supplementation and the 2-year inflammation outcome (IL-6 and hsCRP) or C-terminal telopeptide levels was observed. However, a decrease in IL6 levels over the 2 years significantly correlated with reaching a normal vitamin D level (OR = 0.89 per +1 pg/mL IL6 increase, 95% CI = 0.81–0.97, P = 0.015). Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of hypovitaminosis D but does not decrease the risk of inflammation nor bone turnover, unless normal 25-OH vitamin D levels are reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated whether twice-daily consumption of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement (SUPP) would reduce systemic inflammatory markers following 6 weeks of supplementation alone (phase 1), and the subsequent addition of 12 weeks of exercise training (phase 2) in healthy older men, in comparison with a carbohydrate-based control (CON). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were progressively reduced ( P-time < 0.05) in the SUPP group. No change in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations was observed in the CON group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological relevance C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (3-epi-25(OH)D) is not well understood among youth. The objective of this study was to assess whether demographic/physiologic characteristics were associated with 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations in youth. Associations between 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and demographics and between 3-epi-25(OH)D3, total 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) (25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were examined in racially/ethnically diverse schoolchildren ( n = 682; age, 8-15 years) at Boston-area urban schools. Approximately 50% of participants had detectable 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (range 0.95-3.95 ng/mL). The percentage of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 of total 25(OH)D ranged from 2.5% to 17.0% (median 5.5%). Males were 38% more likely than females to have detectable 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations. Both Asian and black race/ethnicity were associated with lower odds of having detectable 3-epi-25(OH)D3 compared with non-Hispanic white children (Asian vs. white, odds ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.53; black vs. white, OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.23-0.63, p < 0.001). Having an adequate (20-29 ng/mL) or optimal (>30 ng/mL) 25(OH)D concentration was associated with higher odds of having detectable 3-epi-25(OH)D3 than having an inadequate (<20 ng/mL) concentration (OR 4.78, 95%CI 3.23-6.94 or OR 14.10, 95%CI 7.10-28.0, respectively). There was no association between 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and blood lipids. However, when considering 3-epi-25(OH)D3 as a percentage of total 25(OH)D, total cholesterol was lower in children with percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 above the median (mean difference −7.1 mg/dL, p = 0.01). In conclusion, among schoolchildren, sex, race/ethnicity, and total serum 25(OH)D concentration is differentially associated with 3-epi-25(OH)D. The physiological relevance of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 may be related to the 3-epi-25(OH)D3 as a percentage of total 25(OH)D and should be considered in future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron deficiency has ergolytic effects on athletic performance. Exercise-induced inflammation impedes iron absorption in the digestive tract by upregulating the expression of the iron regulatory protein, hepcidin. Limited research indicates the potential of specific macro- and micronutrients on blunting exercise-induced hepcidin. Therefore, we investigated the effects of postexercise supplementation with protein and carbohydrate (CHO) and vitamins D3 and K2 on the postexercise hepcidin response. Ten highly trained male cyclists (age: 26.9 ± 6.4 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 67.4 ± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1 completed 4 cycling sessions in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, triple-crossover study. Experimental days consisted of an 8-min warm-up at 50% power output at maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 8 × 3-min intervals at 85% power output at maximal oxygen uptake with 1.5 min at 60% power output at maximal oxygen uptake between each interval. Blood samples were collected pre- and postexercise, and at 3 h postexercise. Three different drinks consisting of CHO (75 g) and protein (25 g) with (VPRO) or without (PRO) vitamins D3 (5000 IU) and K2 (1000 μg), or a zero-calorie control drink (PLA) were consumed immediately after the postexercise blood sample. Results showed that the postexercise drinks had no significant ( p ≥ 0.05) effect on any biomarker measured. There was a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in hepcidin and interleukin-6 following intense cycling intervals in the participants. Hepcidin increased significantly ( p < 0.05) from baseline (nmol·L-1: 9.94 ± 8.93, 14.18 ± 14.90, 10.44 ± 14.62) to 3 h postexercise (nmol·L-1: 22.27 ± 13.41, 25.44 ± 11.91, 22.57 ± 15.57) in VPRO, PRO, and PLA, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, the drink compositions used did not blunt the postexercise hepcidin response in highly trained athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate iron deficiency anemia and Vitamin D deficiency among autism children and to assess the importance of risk factors (determinants). Subjects and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted among children suffering from autism at the Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. A total of 308 cases and equal number of controls were enrolled. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic was the instrument used for diagnosis of Autism. Results: The mean age (±standard deviation, in years) for autistic versus control children was 5.39 ± 1.66 versus 5.62 ± 1.81, respectively. The mean value of serum iron levels in autistic children was severely reduced and significantly lower than in control children (74.13 ± 21.61 µg/dL with a median 74 in autistic children 87.59 ± 23.36 µg/dL in controls) (P = 0.003). Similarly, the study revealed that Vitamin D deficiency was considerably more common among autistic children (18.79 ± 8.35 ng/mL) as compared to healthy children (22.18 ± 9.00 ng/mL) (P = 0.004). Finally, mean values of hemoglobin, ferritin, magnesium; potassium, calcium; phosphorous; glucose, alkaline phosphate, hematocrit, white blood cell, and mean corpuscular volume were all statistically significantly higher in healthy control children as compared to autistic children (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum iron deficiency, serum calcium levels, serum Vitamin D levels; ferritin, reduced physical activity; child order, body mass index percentiles, and parental consanguinity can all be considered strong predictors and major factors associated with autism spectrum disorders. Conclusion: This study suggests that deficiency of iron and Vitamin D as well as anemia were more common in autistic compared to control children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the impact of light on the amount of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] in the processed serums of the participants that have been referred to the diagnostic lab (King Diagnostic Laboratory) which process tests for around 150 collection sites around ErbiL, Iraq. Scientists and researchers have declared a strong association between vitamin D status and various health issues. Many studies have now shifted to the interaction among/between genes and environment that impact different illnesses correlated with vitamin D. During the periods between 01/April/2020 till 01/April/2021, the total number of cases (N = 5800) of vitamin D content detection in serum have been performed. However, this investigation found that there was a high deficiency (%) in vitamin D levels (nearly 80 %) among the participants contributed to our study and data analysis revealed that they had 25-(OH) D levels very less at 20 μg/L concentration. The amount of vitamin D levels did not vary about with respect to gender and no statistical significance between female and male participants were observed (P > 0.05), moreover, the variation in the group that was subjected to light differed significiantly (P > 0.05). The present research work reveals that there is a significant variation in the use of dark and light collection and testing tube in the process of detecting serum vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doel Inzicht geven in de prevalentie van het vitamine D- gebruik en determinanten van vitamine D- gebruik bij thuiswonende ouderen vanaf 70 jaar. Methode In april 2013 werd op diverse plaatsen in Nederland het vitamine D- gebruik bij 215 thuiswonende ouderen in kaart gebracht. De vragenlijst werd mondeling afgenomen en bestond uit vragen over demografie, kennis over vitamine D, vitamine D- gebruik en redenen voor (niet-)gebruik. Vitamine D- gebruik is gedefinieerd als zelfgerapporteerd vitamine D- gebruik gedurende ten minste een deel van het jaar. Resultaten De gemiddelde leeftijd was 79 ± 6,5 jaar en 63 % was vrouw. Zelfgerapporteerd vitamine D- supplementgebruik was 28 % bij thuiswonende ouderen. Slechts 11 ouderen (5 %) gebruikten vitamine D volgens het advies van de Gezondheidsraad (20 μg per dag). Logistische regressie analyses lieten zien dat vrouwen, ouderen met een hoger opleidingsniveau en ouderen met meerdere vitamine D gerelateerde aandoeningen/ botbreuken significant vaker een vitamine D- supplement gebruikten. Conclusie Ondanks het advies van de Gezondheidsraad is het gebruik van vitamine Dsupplementen bij thuiswonende 70-plussers zeer laag. Ouderen lijken niet overtuigd van het nut van het gebruiken van vitamine D- supplementen. De (huis) arts kan een cruciale rol innemen in de voorlichting van ouderen over vitamine D- suppletie.

Recently, hepatic immaturity was cited as a possible reason for high levels of the C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) in premature infants: however what role, if any, the liver plays in controlling epimer concentrations is unknown. This study assesses 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D (3-epi-25(OH)D) levels during the course of cholecalciferol supplementation in adults with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Vitamin D metabolites were analyzed in 65 CLD patients with 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL who received 20 000 IU cholecalciferol/week for 6 months. The primary outcome assessed serum 25(OH)D and 3-epi-25(OH)D in response to supplementation. Corresponding values from 16 CLD patients with sufficient vitamin D levels receiving no supplementation were compared. The epimer was detected in all samples and at lower relative concentrations with lower vitamin D baseline status, i.e., severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) as compared with deficient (10-19.9 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL) vitamin D levels (2.4% vs. 4.8%, 5.2%, 5.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). Similar relative concentrations for 3-epi-25(OH)D, ranging from 4.3%-7.1% (absolute concentrations: 1.1-4.0 ng/mL; all P < 0.001), were obtained in response to cholecalciferol in all supplemented patients, regardless of inadequacy threshold. Epimer levels significantly decreased ( P = 0.007) in unsupplemented patients, coinciding with decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations over time. No epimer differences between patients with ( n = 17) or without ( n = 48) cirrhosis were demonstrated. The 3-epi-25(OH)D was present in serum of all patients at comparable levels to those reported by others. Epimer levels increased linearly with increasing 25(OH)D levels after supplementation. However, no effect of cirrhosis on epimer concentrations was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D is thought to regulate skeletal muscle function and boost physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between vitamin D and physical performance in physically active children. This cross-sectional study included 125 children who practice football as a leisure activity. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was assessed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay method. Vitamin D inadequacy was defined as 25-OHD < 20 ng/mL. Physical performance testing included measurements of muscle strength (maximal isometric contraction), jumping ability (vertical jump, standing broad jump, triple hop test), linear sprint (10 m and 20 m), and agility (9 × 4-m shuttle run). Plasma 25-OHD concentrations were positively correlated with muscle strength ( r = 0.539; p < 0.001), vertical jump ( r = 0.528; p < 0.001), and standing broad jump ( r = 0.492; p < 0.001) but inversely correlated with sprint performance ( r = -0.539; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis models, plasma 25-OHD concentrations were associated with each physical performance parameter independently of age, maturity status, body mass index, fat mass, and protein and calcium intakes. In conclusion, a low plasma 25-OHD level was associated with decreased muscle strength, agility, and jumping and sprinting abilities in physically active children. Vitamin D inadequacy may limit exercise performance. Further research should verify whether correction of vitamin D deficiency enhances physical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes in the prenatal period are important determinants of maternal and fetal health. The objective of this study was to examine iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes from diet and supplements in relation to maternal characteristics. Data were collected in a subsample of 1186 pregnant women from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a cohort study including pregnant women recruited from 10 Canadian sites between 2008 and 2011. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to obtain rankings of iron, calcium, and vitamin D intake (16-21 weeks of pregnancy). Intakes from supplements were obtained from a separate questionnaire (6-13 weeks of pregnancy). Women were divided into 2 groups according to the median total intake of each nutrient. Supplement intake was an important contributor to total iron intake (median 74%, interquartile range (IQR) 0%-81%) and total vitamin D intake (median 60%, IQR 0%-73%), while the opposite was observed for calcium (median 18%, IQR 0%-27%). Being born outside of Canada was significantly associated with lower total intakes of iron, vitamin D, and calcium ( p ≤ 0.01 for all). Consistent positive indicators of supplement use (iron, vitamin D, and calcium) were maternal age over 30 years and holding a university degree. In conclusion, among Canadian women, the probability of having lower iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes is higher among those born outside Canada; supplement intake is a major contributor to total iron and vitamin D intakes; and higher education level and age over 30 years are associated with supplement intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current guidelines for cow's milk consumption in children older than age 2 years suggest 1% or 2% milk to reduce the risk of obesity. Given that milk is the main dietary source of vitamin D for North American children and that vitamin D is fat soluble, we hypothesized 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration to be positively associated with the fat content of milk. The objective was to determine the relationship between the fat content of milk consumed and the serum 25(OH)D concentration; our secondary objective was to explore the role that the volume of milk consumed played in this relationship. We completed a cross-sectional study of children aged 12-72 months in the TARGetKids! research network. Multivariable linear regression was used to test the association between milk fat content and child 25(OH)D, adjusted for clinically relevant covariates. The interaction between volume of milk and fat content was examined. Two thousand eight hundred fifty-seven children were included in the analysis. The fat content of milk was positively associated with 25(OH)D (p = 0.03), and the interaction between the volume of milk consumed and the milk fat content was statistically significant (p = 0.005). Childrenwhodrank 1% milk needed 2.46 cups (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.38-2.54) of milk to have a 25(OH)D concentration similar to that of childrenwhodrank 1 cup of homogenized milk (3.25% fat). Childrenwhoconsumed 1% milk had 2.05 (95% CI 1.73-2.42) times higher odds of having a 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/L compared with children who consumed homogenized milk. In conclusion, recommendations for children to drink lower-fat milk (1% or 2%) may compromise serum 25(OH)D levels and may require study to ensure optimal childhood health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La carence en vitamine D chez l'adulte est un sujet d'actualité à cause de ses multiples effets et de son extension de par le monde. Cependant elle est peu explorée au Gabon et en Afrique centrale en général. Le but de cet article qui rapporte trois cas documentés de carence en vitamine D chez l'adulte au Gabon, est d'attirer l'attention sur l'existence de ce problème même en zone équatoriale ensoleillée. Vu les implications de cette carence dans diverses pathologies osseuses, cardio-vasculaires, métaboliques, infectieuses, auto-immunes, néoplasiques..., des recherches plus approfondies sont nécessaires pour cerner le problème et prendre des mesures appropriées.

Longtemps cantonné à son rôle dans le métabolisme phosphocalcique, la vitamine D apparaît aujourd’hui comme une vitamine aux multiples potentialités, puisqu’étant impliquée dans de nombreux processus physiologiques. De part se double origine alimentaire et endogène, la vitamine D constitue une vitamine à part, dont les apports et les besoins restent délicats à définir et font actuellement débat. En revanche, le métabolisme de cette vitamine D est mieux connu. On sait de longue date que son métabolisme implique notamment une hydroxylation hépatique conduisant à la formation de la 25(OH)D ainsi qu’une hydroxylation rénale aboutissant à la formation du 1,25(OH)2D, le métabolite actif de la vitamine D. Ce métabolite est responsable des différents effets génomiques et non-génomiques de la vitamine D, dont les mécanismes d’action impliquent notamment un récepteur nucléaire spécifique, le Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) et diverses voies de signalisation contrôlées par un récepteur membranaire, la protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (Pdia3).

La connaissance de la physiologie de la vitamine D a considérablement progressé ces dernières années, la faisant passer de simple vitamine à tropisme purement phosphocalcique et osseux à celui d'hormone jouant un rôle crucial dans de nombreux mécanismes physiologiques et dont le déficit est impliqué dans plusieurs pathologies. Nous présentons, dans ce travail, l'expérience du laboratoire central de biochimie dans le dosage de la 25 OH vitamine D. Enquête descriptive exhaustive portant sur les dosages de la 25 OH vitamine D effectués chez 350 patients du Centre Hospitalier Ibn Sina (CHIS). La méthode adoptée est un dosage immunologique par chimiluminescence sur microparticules réalisés sur l'auto-analyseur ARCHITECT 8200 (ABBOTT) pendant une période de six mois (du 01 Juin 2011 au 31 Decembre 2011). Quatre vingt et onze pourcent des patients présentent une hypovitaminose. En effet 76,6% des patients souffrent d?une insuffisance en vitamine D, 12,3% de carence vitaminique et 2,6% d'ostéomalacie. L'hypovitaminose est associée dans 92,18% des cas à une normocalcémie, dans 76,87% des cas à une Hyperparathormone, dans 92,81% à des troubles thyroïdiens et dans 97,5% à une insuffisance rénale. Par ailleurs aucune relation statistiquement significative n'est établie entre l'hypovitaminose et le diabète. A la lumière des implications des hypovitaminoses dans plusieurs pathologies ou dans leurs complications et au vu du nombre élevé de patients présentant un déficit en vitamine D, il paraît judicieux d'envisager une étude épidémiologique sur le statut en vitamine D dans la population marocaine comme outil préventif avant d?élargir le dosage de ce marqueur biologique en vue d'une éventuelle supplémentation.

La perte du contrôle des crises chez un patient compliant au traitement est toujours source de préoccupations diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques. Nous rapportons un cas de rachitisme chez un patient de 4 ans, infirme moteur cérébral et épileptique sous traitement par phénobarbital depuis 2 ans; rachitisme découvert à la faveur d'une perte du contrôle épileptique. Le patient était admis pour des convulsions répétées en contexte afébrile. L'observance thérapeutique était bonne, et aucune convulsion n'avait été observée pendant les 12 mois précédents. Il ne recevait pas de vitamine D. Le rachitisme était suspecté cliniquement, et confirmé par les trouvailles radiologiques et biologiques. Le contrôle des crises était retrouvé dès le 3ème jour d'hospitalisation après apports de calcium intraveineux et de vitamine D. Les convulsions étaient imputées à une hypocalcémie sur rachitisme. La prise prolongée de phénobarbital sans supplémentation en vitamine D, ainsi qu'une exposition solaire insuffisante étaient incriminées. Avant toute escalade thérapeutique, des convulsions hypocalcémiques et un rachitisme doivent toujours être exclus devant une perte du contrôle des crises chez tout patient épileptique à mobilité réduite. Par ailleurs, une supplémentation en vitamine D et une exposition suffisante au soleil devront être recommandées pour certains traitements antiépileptiques au long cours.

Objective Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL) in north-west Ethiopia is causing an overwhelming case load among adult migrant workers that masked the disease burden in children. This study describes the clinical profile and explores comorbidities in paediatric VL patients. Methods A prospective study at two hospitals in this region (Gondar and Humera) was conducted in a year period, 2011-2012. The clinical manifestations and comorbidities such as malnutrition, intestinal parasitosis and vitamin D deficiency and HIV infection were assessed, and treatment outcomes noted. Results A total of 122 children with VL were detected during the study period with median age of 8.5 years ( IQR 5-12 years); 23% were under 5 years. Eighty-five (69.7%) cases were male. The clinical manifestations were similar to the adult patients. High rates of malnutrition, intestinal parasitosis (47.5%) and hypovitaminosis D (56.4%) were detected. The proportion of stunting and wasting was 63% and 22.2% in children aged under five years, and 50.5% and 75.9% in 5-year and older children, respectively, using WHO standard growth curves. Only one child had HIV infection. In 95% of the cases, sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg/day for 30 days) was used for treatment. The treatment success rate at end of therapy was 98.3%, but the definitive outcome at 6 months could not be determined because of a high loss to follow-up (80.2%). Conclusion While HIV co-infection was rare, malnutrition, intestinal parasitosis and vitamin D deficiency were frequent indicating the need for further research on their role in the pathophysiology. Meanwhile, systematic assessment and management of malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis in VL programmes is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prospective study investigated associations between cord blood vitamin D, risk factors for low vitamin D, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The study included 65 maternal-fetal dyads delivering between December and February in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Eighty-five percent of mothers reported taking daily prenatal vitamin D but 70% of their newborns had insufficient or deficient cord blood vitamin D, suggesting that usual prenatal supplementation may be inadequate to achieve sufficient cord blood vitamin D in most newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D3) and pressurepain thresholds, as measured by algometer, in advance of a main study to determine whether PPT is a potentially cost-effective proxy measure of 25[OH]D3 status in the general population. Methods: The cross-sectional pilot study involved a convenience sample of twenty-two subjects (10 males, 12 females), aged 18 to 67 years. All subjects consented to three trials of pressure-pain threshold readings on both tibiae and the manubrium. Serum 25[OH]D3 levels were determined from blood samples drawn post-algometry. Results: The average pressure pain thresholds were 14.92 (±6.03), 15.07(±6.07), 11.10 (±6.68) for the left and right tibia and sternum, respectively. The stability between the measurements was very high with the interclass correlation coefficient (95% CI) calculated as 0.94 (0.62-1.00), 0.9 (0.81-1.00), 0.96(0.93-1.00). The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.03 for the left tibia, 0.17 for the right tibia and 0.20 for the sternum, showing a negligible correlation for the left and right tibia, but a low positive correlation for the sternum. Conclusion: We did not find preliminary evidence of a strong or otherwise clinically meaningful correlation between bone tenderness and manual algometry in this pilot study. Only a weak linear relationship between PPT in the sternum and serum 25[OH]D3 concentrations was found. Replication of this study is warranted in larger and more representative study populations of interest. Discussion on a number of feasibility issues is provided to inform those future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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