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A thermophilic strain of Laceyella sacchari designated as FBKL4.014 was isolated from high-temperature Moutai-flavor Daqu, and its whole genome was sequenced. The results showed that the full genomic length of L. sacchari FBKL4.014 was 3.35 Mb, with a GC content of 48.67%. The sequencing depth was 433 ×, and a total of 3 328 protein-coding genes were predicted. Strain FBKL4.014 had the potential for complete carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and it was further inferred that the strain may have the potential to biosynthesize tetramethylpyrazine. This study provides genetic data for understanding the mechanism for the production of flavor substances in Maotai-flavor baijiu by Thermoactinomycetaceae metabolism, and also provides a reference for further research on the discovery of unknown functional genes of this strain and its genetic modification.

Inflammation is highlighted as an initial factor that helps orchestrate liver reconstitution. However, the precise mechanisms controlling inflammation during liver reconstitution have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a clear immune response is demonstrated during hepatic reconstitution. Inhibition of the hepatic inflammatory response retards liver regeneration. During this process, Ccl2 is primarily produced by type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), and ILC1‐derived Ccl2 recruits peripheral ILC1s and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the liver. Deletion of Ccl2 or Tregs exacerbates hepatic injury and inflammatory cytokine release, accelerating liver proliferation and regeneration. The adoption of Tregs and IL‐10 injection reversed these effects on hepatocyte regenerative proliferation. Additionally, Treg‐derived IL‐10 can directly induce macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, which alleviated macrophage‐secreted IL‐6 and TNF‐α and balanced the intrahepatic inflammatory milieu during liver reconstitution. This study reveals the capacity of Tregs to modulate the intrahepatic inflammatory milieu and liver reconstitution through IL‐10‐mediated macrophage polarization, providing a potential opportunity to improve hepatic inflammation and maintain homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic effect of total ionizing dose on single event gate rupture (SEGR) was simulated in the vertical double diffusion metal oxide semiconductor device with SiO2–Si3N4 stacked gate layer. In comparison to the device with a single SiO2 gate layer, the synergistic effect was revealed to be suppressed in the device with SiO2–Si3N4 stacked layer. The mechanism is that the oxide layer is a sensitive area of the SEGR effect. Compared with the single SiO2 layer, the superposition of the additional electric field formed by the trapped holes in the sensitive area of the stacked layer leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the synergistic effect, which is more obvious with increasing the volume of the Si3N4 layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexibility of soft open point (SOP) in spatial power regulation enhances the distribution network's (DN) integration of large‐scale renewable energy sources. However, the high cost of SOP and its limited capability for temporal power regulation impede its widespread adoption. Given the rapid expansion of 5G base stations (BSs), utilizing their energy storage to participate in DN planning and operation optimization provides a promising solution. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal planning method of SOP in DN, considering collaborations with 5G BSs. The objective is to enhance DN's power regulation in both temporal and spatial dimensions, while minimizing the investment cost of SOP and fully utilizing the unused capacity in base station energy storage (BSES). Firstly, the flexible regulation models of SOP and 5G BS are established, with the real‐time dispatchability of BSES formulated. Then, a bi‐level optimization model is proposed, where the planning layer aims to minimize the total cost, while the operational layer aims to decrease the average voltage deviation. Additionally, an improved Shapley value method based on interactive power is developed for benefit allocation, which enhances the engagement of 5G BSs to participate in DN regulation. The effectiveness of proposed method is validated by simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the most promising target for drug use disorder treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of NAc is effective for drug use disorder treatment. However, the mechanisms by which DBS produces its therapeutic effects remain enigmatic. Here, we define a behavioral cutoff criterion to distinguish depressive-like behaviors and nondepressivelike behaviors in mice after morphine withdrawal. We identified a basolateral amygdala (BLA) to NAc D1 medium spiny neuron (MSN) pathway that controls depressive-like behaviors after morphine withdrawal. Furthermore, the paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (PVT) to NAc D2 MSN pathway controls naloxone-induced acute withdrawal symptoms. Optogenetically induced long-term potentiation with K-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism enhanced BLA to NAc D1 MSN signaling and also altered the excitation/inhibition balance of NAc D2 MSN signaling. We also verified that a new 50 Hz DBS protocol reversed morphine withdrawal-evoked abnormal plasticity in NAc. Importantly, this refined DBS treatment effectively alleviated naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms and depressive-like behaviors and prevented stress-induced reinstatement. Taken together, the results demonstrated that input- and cell type-specific synaptic plasticity underlies morphine withdrawal, which may lead to novel targets for the treatment of opioid use disorder., Introduction Opioid drugs are powerful analgesics, but they are also highly addictive due to the elicitation of powerful euphoria. Opioid use disorder depends not only on its positive reinforcement effects, [...]

Hair follicle (HF) regeneration during wound healing continues to present a significant clinical challenge. Dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) hold immense potential for inducing HF neogenesis. However, the accurate role and underlying mechanisms of DPC-Exos in HF regeneration in wound healing remain to be fully explained. This study, represents the first analysis into the effects of DPC-Exos on fibroblasts during wound healing. Our findings demonstrated that DPC-Exos could stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, more importantly, enhance the hair-inducing capacity of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts treated with DPC-Exos were capable of inducing HF neogenesis in nude mice when combined with neonatal mice epidermal cells. In addition, DPC-Exos accelerated wound re-epithelialization and promoted HF regeneration during the healing process. Treatment with DPC-Exos led to increased expression levels of the Wnt pathway transcription factors β-catenin and Lef1 in both fibroblasts and the dermis of skin wounds. Specifically, the application of a Wnt pathway inhibitor reduced the effects of DPC-Exos on fibroblasts and wound healing. Accordingly, these results offer evidence that DPC-Exos promote HF regeneration during wound healing by enhancing the hair-inducing capacity of fibroblasts and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This suggests that DPC-Exos may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving regenerative wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of oilfield development, the reservoir can be polluted by well cleaning, pump inspection and other operations. And that will lead to a long recovery period of oil well production after operation, and even the production is difficult to recover. In recent years, unplugging transformation and other technologies have been researched and applied, and certain results have been achieved. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation and analysis on the applicability, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies. For this reason, the application effect of the existing technology is systematically analyzed and evaluated in terms of the formula of unplugging agent, unplugging process, damage mechanism, oil-water well relationship, production layer and other aspects by means of combination of geology and engineering. The adaptability of this technology is obtained, and it is used as the principle of well selection for subsequent technical application to further improve the effect of measures.

β-Ga2O3 is regarded as one of the best materials for application in deep space exploration; thus, research on β-Ga2O3-related radiation damage is necessary for the use of devices in harsh environments. The present work explored the effects of 80 MeV high-energy proton irradiation on β-Ga2O3 single crystals with fluence of 4 × 1013 cm−2 and 1 × 1014 cm−2. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometry (UPS) measurements demonstrated that before proton irradiation, the Fermi level was pinned at the mid-gap energy level due to the existence of native oxygen and gallium vacancy defects. After proton irradiation, gallium and oxygen vacancies increased with irradiation fluence, resulting in the reduction of the bandgap of β-Ga2O3. Proton irradiation of β-Ga2O3 at 80 MeV is more likely to produce oxygen vacancies; hence, the Fermi level shifts upward to the conduction band. In addition, the UV photoluminescence emission at 3.29 eV is greatly enhanced with irradiation fluence. These results will be helpful for the design of UV devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe coloboma of ocular malignant neoplasms post‐resection poses a reconstructive challenge to surgeons. To compare the practicability, manipulability and outcomes of temporal (myocutaneous) flaps (TFs), forehead (supratrochlear artery/supraorbital artery) flaps (FFs) and buccal (facial artery) flaps (BFs) for periorbital defects reconstruction, a retrospective case series was conducted and evaluated between March 2014 and March 2021. Patient demographics and clinical parameters including age, gender, pathological diagnosis, operative methods, flap selection, operation time, aesthetic satisfaction and follow‐up period were collected. The differences in complications were compared and assessed of the three flaps, including flap survival, venous congestion and donor site healing. Totally, 68 patients who underwent periorbital reconstructive operations because of common ocular malignant tumours were reviewed in this study. As for aesthetic satisfaction, a score more than "moderately dissatisfied" was obtained in 21 patients with TFs (95.5%), and of which the scores in FFs group were 12 cases (60%) and 16 cases with BFs reconstruction (61.5%) (P <.05). Severe microvascular complications underwent re‐exploration operation occurred in one patient with FFs (1.5%) (P >.05). Notable flap necrosis was observed in two patients with BFs repair (2.9%) and in one case with FFs repair (1.5%), with no statistical difference between the three flap selections (P >.05). Moderate venous congestion occurred in one patient with TFs (1.5%), which was fully meliorated non‐surgically. The three familiar facial island flaps are considered as minor trauma and time‐saving process for reconstructing the extensive periorbital defects with comparable ranks of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]