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1. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

Author

Bogdziewicz, Michal, Acuña, Marie‐Claire Aravena, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Brveiller, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama, Rafael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, J Julio, Chang‐Yang, Chia‐Hao, Chave, Jerome, Chianucci, Francesco, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, Andrea, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan‐Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket‐Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes MH, Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard, Lageard, Jonathan GA, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean‐Marc, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, Marell, Anders, McIntire, Eliot JB, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Naoe, Shoji, Noguchi, Mahoko, Oguro, Michio, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Ourcival, Jean‐Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Perez‐Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Podgórski, Tomasz, Poulsen, John, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Šamonil, Pavel, Holik, Jan, Scher, C Lane, Van Marle, Harald Schmidt, Seget, Barbara, Shibata, Mitsue, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A, Straub, Jacob N, Sun, I‐Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Whitham, Thomas G, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zywiec, Magdalna, and Clark, James S

Subjects
fecundity, functional traits, leaf economics, life history strategies, size syndrome, tree recruitment, Ecology
Published
2023

2. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients

Author

Journé, Valentin, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie‐Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang‐Yang, Chia‐Hao, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan‐Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket‐Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kays, Roland, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes MH, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan GA, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean‐Marc, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot JB, Moore, Christopher M, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean‐Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez‐Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton‐Kamakura, Renata, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez‐Sanchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D, Scher, C Lane, Van Marle, Harald Schmidt, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A, Stephenson, Nathan L, Straub, Jacob N, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, Biodiversity, Climate, Fertility, Forests, Seeds, Trees, climate, competition, forest regeneration, seed consumption, species interactions, tree fecundity, Ecological Applications, Evolutionary Biology, Ecological applications, Environmental management
Abstract

Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.

Published
2022

3. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Bragg, Don C, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes MH, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan GA, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefevre, Francois, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot JB, Moore, Christopher M, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D, Scher, C Lane, Schlesinger, William H, Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A, Stephenson, Nathan L, Straub, Jacob N, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zhu, Kai, and Zimmerman, Jess K

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Contraception/Reproduction, Fertility, Forests, Reproduction, Seeds, Trees
Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

4. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, US Forest Service, Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guignabert, Arthur [0000-0002-1512-6760], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Shoji, N. [0000-0002-0605-4187], Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi [0000-0002-3393-5131], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M. [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J. [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Brveille, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jérôme, Chianucci, F., Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, A., Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard K., Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Shoji, N., Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Podgórski, Tomasz, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Šamonil, Pavel, Holik, Jan, Scher, C. Lane, van Marle, Harald S., Seget, Barbara, Shibata, M., Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Whitham, Thomas G., Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, US Forest Service, Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guignabert, Arthur [0000-0002-1512-6760], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Shoji, N. [0000-0002-0605-4187], Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi [0000-0002-3393-5131], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M. [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J. [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Brveille, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jérôme, Chianucci, F., Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, A., Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard K., Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Shoji, N., Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Podgórski, Tomasz, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Šamonil, Pavel, Holik, Jan, Scher, C. Lane, van Marle, Harald S., Seget, Barbara, Shibata, M., Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Whitham, Thomas G., Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Abstract

Aim Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size–seed number trade-off. Location Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia. Time period 1960–2022. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum. Results Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions. Main conclusions Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The connectio

Published
2023

7. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C. [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J. Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, François [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A. [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L. [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Bragg, Don C., Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Schlesinger, William H., Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., Scher, C. Lane, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L., Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C. [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J. Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, François [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A. [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L. [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Bragg, Don C., Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Schlesinger, William H., Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., Scher, C. Lane, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L., Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, and Limousin, Jean-Marc

Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

9. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients

Author

National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Lageard, Jonathan G. A., Greenberg, Cathryn H., Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Journé, Valentin, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Berretti, Roberta, Berveille, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Donoso Calderón, Sergio, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Kabeya, Daisuke, Kays, Roland, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M., Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Marle, Harald Schmidt Van, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Lageard, Jonathan G. A., Greenberg, Cathryn H., Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Journé, Valentin, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Berretti, Roberta, Berveille, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Donoso Calderón, Sergio, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Kabeya, Daisuke, Kays, Roland, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M., Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Marle, Harald Schmidt Van, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Abstract

Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.

Published
2022

10. Mortality rates of desert vegetation during high‐intensity drought at Ulu r u‐Kata Tju t a National Park, Central Australia.

Author

Wright, Boyd R., Nipper, Martin, Nipper, Nathan, Merson, Samuel D., and Guest, Tracey

Subjects
*DROUGHTS, *DESERT plants, *NATIONAL parks & reserves, *PRECIPITATION variability, *DEATH rate, *RAINFALL
Abstract

Precipitation variability and heatwaves are expected to intensify over much of inland Australia under most projected climate change scenarios. This will undoubtedly have impacts on the biota of Australian dryland systems. However, accurate modelling of these impacts is presently impeded by a lack of empirical research on drought/heatwave effects on native arid flora and fauna. During the 2018–2021 Australian drought, many parts of the continent's inland experienced their hottest, driest period on record. Here, we present the results of a field survey in 2021 involving indigenous rangers, scientists and national parks staff who assessed plant dieback during this drought at Uluru‐Kata Tjuta National Park (UKTNP), central Australia. Spatially randomized quadrat sampling of eight common and culturally important plants indicated the following plant death rates across UKTNP (in order of drought susceptibility): desert myrtle (Aluta maisonneuvei subsp. maisonneuvei) (91%), yellow flame grevillea (Grevillea eriostachya) (79%), Maitland's wattle (Acacia maitlandii) (67%), waxy wattle (A. melleodora) (65%), soft spinifex grass (Triodia pungens) (53%), mulga (A. aneura) (42%), desert oak (Allocasuarina decaisneana) (22%) and quandong (Santalum acuminatum) (0%). The sampling also detected that seedling recruitment was absent or minimal for all plants except soft spinifex, while a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) indicated two‐way interactions among species, plant size and stand density as important predictors of drought survival of adult plants. A substantial loss of biodiversity has occurred at UKTNP during the recent drought, with likely drivers of widespread plant mortality being extreme multi‐year rainfall deficit (2019 recorded the lowest‐ever annual rainfall at UKTNP [27 mm]) and record high summer temperatures (December 2019 recorded the highest‐ever temperature [47.1°C]). Our findings indicate that widespread plant death and extensive vegetation restructuring will occur across arid Australia if the severity and frequency of droughts increase under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
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14. Rainfall-Linked Megafires as Innate Fire Regime Elements in Arid Australian Spinifex (Triodia spp.) Grasslands

Author

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Xeografía, Wright, Boyd R., Laffineur, Boris, Royé, Dominic, Armstrong, Graeme, Fensham, Roderick, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Xeografía, Wright, Boyd R., Laffineur, Boris, Royé, Dominic, Armstrong, Graeme, and Fensham, Roderick

Abstract

Large, high-severity wildfires, or “megafires,” occur periodically in arid Australian spinifex (Triodia spp.) grasslands after high rainfall periods that trigger fuel accumulation. Proponents of the patch-burn mosaic (PBM) hypothesis suggest that these fires are unprecedented in the modern era and were formerly constrained by Aboriginal patch burning that kept landscape fuel levels low. This assumption deserves scrutiny, as evidence from fire-prone systems globally indicates that weather factors are the primary determinant behind megafire incidence, and that fuel management does not mitigate such fires during periods of climatic extreme. We reviewed explorer’s diaries, anthropologist’s reports, and remotely sensed data from the Australian Western Desert for evidence of large rainfall-linked fires during the pre-contact period when traditional Aboriginal patch burning was still being practiced. We used only observations that contained empiric estimates of fire sizes. Concurrently, we employed remote rainfall data and the Oceanic Niño Index to relate fire size to likely seasonal conditions at the time the observations were made. Numerous records were found of small fires during periods of average and below-average rainfall conditions, but no evidence of large-scale fires during these times. By contrast, there was strong evidence of large-scale wildfires during a high-rainfall period in the early 1870s, some of which are estimated to have burnt areas up to 700,000 ha. Our literature review also identified several Western Desert Aboriginal mythologies that refer to large-scale conflagrations. As oral traditions sometimes corroborate historic events, these myths may add further evidence that large fires are an inherent feature of spinifex grassland fire regimes. Overall, the results suggest that, contrary to predictions of the PBM hypothesis, traditional Aboriginal burning did not modulate spinifex fire size during periods of extreme-high arid zone rainfall. The mechanis

Published
2021

17. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number tradeoffs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Tong Qiu, Robert Andrus, Marie-Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Don C. Bragg, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Daisuke Kabeya, Christopher L. Kilner, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Francois Lefevre, Theodor Leininger, Jean-Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez-Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, William H. Schlesinger, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, I-Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855], Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bonal, Raul, Bragg, Don C, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Adrian, Das, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo,Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M H, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G A, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Schlesinger, William H, Seget, Barbara, Silman, Miles, Stephenson, Nathan L, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Manchester [Manchester], DePaul University [Chicago], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Colby College, The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by NationalScience Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the BelmontForum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Inves-tissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet GreatAgain). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Groupwere funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 toM.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the PolishAcademy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134).M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’sdata remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGSresearch was funded by those agencies, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, Francois [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M H [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G A [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], and Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]

Subjects
Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, Q1, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, reproductive potential, Plant seed, Forest, pridelava semen, Plant ecology, SB, SD, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, Contraception/Reproduction, Botánica, production control, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Ecología, Fertility, natural disasters, nadzor pridelave, seed production, Seeds, reprodukcijski potencial, Forest ecology, udc:630*23, ujme, Tree
Abstract

12 Pág., The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential., The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by National Science Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet Great Again). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 to M.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134). M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGS research was funded by those agencies.

Published
2022
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18. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

Author

Michal Bogdziewicz, Marie‐Claire Aravena Acuña, Robert Andrus, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Daniel Brveiller, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Maxime Cailleret, Rafael Calama, Sergio Donoso Calderon, J. Julio Camarero, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang, Jerome Chave, Francesco Chianucci, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Andrea Cutini, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Laurent Dormont, William Farfan‐Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Arthur Guignabert, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Georges Kunstler, Richard Kobe, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Theodor Leininger, Jean‐Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Anders Marell, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Shoji Naoe, Mahoko Noguchi, Michio Oguro, Hiroko Kurokawa, Jean‐Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ignacio M. Perez‐Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, Tomasz Podgórski, John Poulsen, Tong Qiu, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Pavel Šamonil, Jan Holik, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Mitsue Shibata, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Jacob N. Straub, I‐Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Thomas G. Whitham, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Magdalna Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, US Forest Service, Narodowe Centrum Nauki (Poland), Bogdziewicz, Michal, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Curt, Thomas, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo,Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard K., Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Shoji, N., Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M., Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Scher, C. Lane, Seget, Barbara, Silman, Miles, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), AgroParisTech, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Chili / Departamento de Ciencias de la Computation, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), National Kaohsiung Marine University [Taïwan] (NKMU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro di Viticoltura ed Enologia [CREA], Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), California Sciences Institute, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Saint Louis University (SLU), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California (UC), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Akita University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Alabama Space Grant ConsortiumAIST16-0052AIST18-0063Belmont Forum1854976Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA)PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001National Science Centre, Poland2019/35/D/NZ8/00050National Science Foundation (NSF)DEB- 1754443, and ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018)

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fecundity, functional traits, leaf economics, life history strategies, size syndrome, tree recruitment, Life history strategie, Settore AGR/05 - Assestamento Forestale e Selvicoltura, Tree recruitmen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fecundity functional traits leaf economics life history strategies size syndrome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- referencias.- Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of this article.- Full Access in https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13652, Aim Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size–seed number trade-off. Location Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia. Time period 1960–2022. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum. Results Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions. Main conclusions Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The connection of SSP with the functional traits can form the first basis of improved fecundity prediction across global forests., The project has been funded by grants to J.S.C. from the National Science Foundation, most re-cently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052 and AIST18-0063) and the Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004; Make Our Planet Great Again). Jerry Franklin's data remain acces-sible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. Data from Hubbard Brook (New Hampshire) were funded through NSF-LTER. Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants, most recently DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF 727 LTREB 1754647. M.B. was supported by grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050 from the (Polish) National Science Centre and by Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. Research by the USDA Forest Service and the USGS was funded by these agencies. Any use of trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply en -dorsement by the U.S. Government

Published
2023
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