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Against the backdrop of an urban-rural dual structure, governance structure significantly influences the fairness and sharing of land value increment profits from land consolidation in various regions. This paper develops a spatial-institutional analytical framework, reflects on the traditional government-led land quota planning management mechanism and advocates optimizing governance structures in land consolidation to facilitate urban-rural element flows and the sharing of land value increment profits. This paper selects two comprehensive land consolidation cases in the Fenghua District and Cixi City of Ningbo, representing government-led and village collective self-organized governance structures. The research shows that the Fenghua case adopts a government-led state-owned enterprise coordinated governance structure, which state-owned enterprises bear operational risks and the majority of profit sharing, while village collectives, as landowners, are insufficiently protected in benefit sharing. The Cixi case employs a government-embedded village-town governance structure, with the village collectives as the main operating body, allowing collective construction land to enter the market to ensure the sharing of community profits. Both governance structures promote the bidirectional flow of urban-rural land resource elements; the former significantly drives urban development, while the latter ensures better benefit sharing for village collectives. The research proposes that optimizing governance structures and improving land quota allocation mechanisms can further stimulate various entities' participation in land consolidation and land value activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 14th Five-Year Plan for China proposes to promote the urbanization process from a county perspective, presenting an unprecedented opportunity to develop county urbanization. However, in the context of relatively limited resources, insufficient funds, and comparatively lower land values in Chinese counties, how to promote county urbanization remains the primary challenge, which has not been studied yet. This study first analyzes the necessity of promoting county urbanization from four dimensions: national development strategy, industrial policy development, local government status, and enterprise development demands using literature research and survey interviews. Based on field research conducted in 32 counties in China, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis is carried out on the county urbanization process in this study. By analyzing the developmental status and challenges of major urban areas, expansion areas of counties, and their surrounding countryside, this paper proposes a "three-level gradient integration" concept for the spatial integration of county urbanization. Furthermore, the mechanism of multi-agent linkage to promote county urbanization was explored based on the theory of urban governance and the characteristics of county urbanization. Subsequently, relying on the analysis of policies, such as land acquisition and integrated land improvement, and adopting modes, such as "Investor + Engineering Procurement Construction + Operation" (investor + EPC + O) and renovate–operate–transfer (ROT), we propose a pathway for promoting county urbanization through the linkage of government, enterprises, and residents. This study provides insight into promoting the county urbanization process. Additionally, each country faces the common issue of how to use limited resources to promote regional development, and this article can provide valuable insights and inspiration for addressing this shared issue by the principle of adapting to local conditions and adhering to the concept of efficient market and proactive government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar steam generation system studied in this project is mainly composed of a double-layered structure. The upper layer is a nano-fluid material with a light absorber, and the lower layer is an insulating material with two-dimensional or three-dimensional water transport channels. It is hydrophilic to utilize capillary forces and promote Fluid flows to the hot zone, and interconnected pores are used for fluid inflow and outflow to the structure. The device embeds a semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet in the lower layer, the upper surface is in contact with the photothermal layer, and the lower surface is in contact with the bulk water. The formation of a temperature difference generates an electromotive force, which makes the energy utilization efficiency higher.

The existence of time delay in complex industrial processes or dynamical systems is a common phenomenon and is a difficult problem to deal with in industrial control systems, as well as in the textile field. Accurate identification of the time delay can greatly improve the efficiency of the design of industrial process control systems. The time delay identification methods based on mathematical modeling require prior knowledge of the structural information of the model, especially for nonlinear systems. The neural network-based identification method can predict the time delay of the system, but cannot accurately obtain the specific parameters of the time delay. Benefit from the interpretability of machine learning, a novel method for delay identification based on an interpretable regression decision tree is proposed. Utilizing the self-explanatory analysis of the decision tree model, the parameters with the highest feature importance are obtained to identify the time delay of the system. Excellent results are gained by the simulation data of linear and nonlinear control systems, and the time delay of the systems can be accurately identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]