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Objective To observe the relation of phase angle (PA) measured by bioelectrical impedance method with nutritional status of patients with primary liver cancer, and to explore its influence on clinical outcomes. Methods We collected 120 inpatients with primary liver cancer for nutritional risk screening, patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment(PG-SGA), anthropometry, biochemical examination and body composition analysis. According to the phase angle, the patients were divided into low PA group and normal PA group. The correlation between PA and nutrition-related indicators was analyzed. The survival and complications of the two groups were compared after 1-year follow-up. Results There were 56.7% (68/120) of primary liver cancer patients with lower PA. TP, ALB, CHE, HB, AMC, GS, BCM, FFM and ASMI in low PA group were lower while ECW/TBW was higher than those in normal PA group (all P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that PA was negatively correlated with ECW/TBW (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with TP, ALB, CHE, HB, AMC, GS, BCM, FFM and ASMI (all P < 0.05). Low PA was significantly associated with nutritional risk, deterioration of liver function, progress of liver cancer staging and severe malnutrition (all P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, the mortality of the low PA group was higher than that of the normal PA group (P < 0.05). The risk of death in the low PA group increased by 2.738 times (OR=3.738, 95%CI: 1.465-9.535). Conclusion Phase angle is an economic and effective index to reflect the nutritional status of patients with primary liver cancer, and closely related to the risk of death. Phase angle measurement is helpful for assessing nutritional status and predicting clinical outcome of patients with primary liver cancer.

As the world's largest CO2 emitter, China's emission reduction is the key to mitigating global climate change. Global investment capital, as a significant influencing factor of emissions, greatly contributes to China's economic growth and stimulates frequent interprovincial trade since the reform and opening. However, the spatial correlation of foreign investment and CO2 emissions across Chinese provinces is rarely considered. This paper explores the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in emission reduction in China during 2004–2015 using the spatial Durbin economic models with two‐way fixed effects. Then, the partial differential equations decomposition of the local and spatial spillover effects is conducted for capturing the marginal effects of influencing factors. Results show that FDI contributes to emission reduction for the whole country, whereas interprovincial transmission and intra‐provincial transmission show significant heterogeneity. Specifically, FDI increases emissions in host areas, while FDI provides positive environmental externalities to adjacent areas through spatial spillovers. Our findings provide a new perspective to explain the coexistence of the "Pollution Haven" and "Pollution Halo" theories in a country. Also, the exploration of spatial spillover effects of FDI on emissions can provide a reference for other countries with rising trade and investment flows to promote collaborative emission reduction. Key Points: Local effects of foreign direct investment on emissions are positive, while spatial spillover effects are negativeThe coexistence of the "Pollution Haven" and "Pollution Halo" theories in a country is examinedResults help promote collaborative emission reduction across regions with trade [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Cancer constitutes a serious burden of disease worldwide and has become the second leading cause of death in China. Alcohol consumption is causally associated with the increased risk of certain cancers. Due to the current lack of data and the imperative need to guide policymakers on issues of cancer prevention and control, we aim to estimate the role of alcohol on the cancer burden in China in 2005. Methods We calculated the proportion of cancers attributable to alcohol use to estimate the burden of alcohol-related cancer. The population attributable fraction was calculated based on the assumption of no alcohol drinking. Data on alcohol drinking prevalence were from two large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population. Data on relative risk were obtained from meta-analyses and large-scale studies. Results We found that a total of 78,881 cancer deaths were attributable to alcohol drinking in China in 2005, representing 4.40% of all cancers (6.69% in men, 0.42% in women). The corresponding figure for cancer incidence was 93,596 cases (3.63% of all cancer cases). Liver cancer was the main alcohol-related cancer, contributing more than 60% of alcohol-related cancers. Conclusions Particular attention needs to be paid to the harm of alcohol as well as its potential benefits when making public health recommendations on alcohol drinking.

Objective: To discuss the best noise index combined with ASIR weighting selection in low-dose chest scanning based on BMI., Methods: 200 patients collected from May to December 2014 underwent non-contrast chest CT examinations, they were randomly assigned into standard dose group (Group A, NI15 combined with 30% ASIR) and low-dose groups (Group B, NI25 combined with 40% ASIR, Group C, NI30 combined with 50% ASIR, Group D, NI35 combined with 60% ASIR), 50 cases in each group; the patients were assigned into three groups based on BMI (kg/m2): BMI<18.5; 18.5≤BMI≤25; BMI>25. Signal-to-nosie ratio (SNR), contrast-to noise ratio (CNR), CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), effective dose (ED) and subjective scoring between the standard and low-dose groups were compared and analyzed statistically. Differences of SNR, CNR, CTDIvol, DLP and ED among groups were determined with ANOVA analysis and the consistency of diagnosis with Kappa test., Results: SNR, CTDIvol, DLP and ED reduced with the increase of nosie index, the differences among the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Kappa value of the two reviewers were 0.888. Subjective scoring of four groups were all above 3 points in BMI<18.5 kg/m2 group; subjective scoring of ABC groups were all above 3 points in 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤25 kg/m2 group and subjective scoring of AB groups were all above 3 points in BMI>25 kg/m2 group., Conclusions: NI35 combined with 60% ASIR in BMI<18.5 kg/m2 group; NI30 combined with 50% ASIR in 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤25 kg/m2 group; NI25 combined with 40% ASIR in 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤25 kg/m2 group were the best parameters combination which both can significantly reduce the radiation dose and ensure the image quality.

Cyprinus carpio decoction (CCD) is a well-known Chinese food medicine formula, accepted widely as a useful therapy in preventing edema and proteinuria caused by renal disease. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. The current study investigated the potential mechanism of CCD in alleviating nephropathy induced by adriamycin (ADR) in rats. 70  eight-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal, model, fosinopril, YD, YG groups. All rats except for the normal group received 6.5 mg/kg·bw of ADR injection into the vena caudalis once. Different doses of CCD (11.3 and 22.5 g kg(-1)) were lavaged to rats in YD and YG groups, respectively. Then the serum biochemical values of the total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), electrolyte levels, and the urinary protein (UP) content in 12 hr urine were measured. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon (INF-γ) were measured by enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathomorphological analysis was observed using light and electron microscopy, and the expressions of nephrin and CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) in renal tissues were determined by immunohistochemical assay. The results indicated that CCD can relieve ADR-induced nephropathy (ADN) by improving the nutrition status, regulating the immunity, and inhibiting proteinuria by increasing nephrin and CD2AP expressions.

Objective: To investigate the possible effects of long-term exposure to dust containing thorium and thoron progeny on dust-exposed miners., Methods: A negative, high voltage, exhaled thoron progeny measurement system was used to estimate the miners' thorium lung burden., Results: The highest thorium lung burden of 638 miners was 11.11 Bq. The incidence of stage 0(+) pneumoconiosis was higher among dust-exposed miners. Lung cancer mortality of the dust-exposed miners was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.005)., Conclusion: There is a difference in cancer rates between those who have long-term exposure to dust containing thorium (in which carcinogenic ThO(2) and SiO(2) exist) and thoron progeny and those who have not.