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Urban areas and green spaces are significant atmospheric carbon sources and sinks. Spatial planning is crucial for improving the urban carbon budget. However, there are many uncertainties due to the diversity and complexity of the effects of urban and green space forms on the carbon budget. As a result, the role of urban areas and green spaces in emission reduction and carbon sink increases remains ambiguous. We use a landscape sustainability framework and systematically review the literature from 2002 to 2022 to elucidate the interaction between urban and green space forms and the carbon budget. We focus on regional and landscape scales. Nine landscape planning indicators affecting urban area carbon emissions, four indicators affecting green space carbon sinks, and three indicators affecting the urban–green space ecotonal relationship and the carbon budget are derived. We analyze the causes of the differences between the studies and discuss the influences of the indicators on emission reduction, carbon sink increases, and sustainable development. We summarize the design and research of urban and green spaces and the urban–green space ecotone and provide suggestions for carbon emission reduction, carbon sink increases, and research directions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to space environment interference, imperfect data processing model, and the performance of atomic clocks, real-time satellite clock products often contain outliers or irregular biases. We propose a real-time linear moving short-term prediction algorithm to predict clock offsets and detect abnormalities. The proposed algorithm mainly includes phase/frequency anomaly detection and real-time prediction part. Both the phase and frequency domains are used to detect abnormal clock offsets with previous epochs for building the clock prediction model accurately. The real-time moving prediction module utilizes the high short-term prediction performance to check the clock abnormality. The performance of the algorithm is then evaluated for all satellites with real-time estimated satellite clock offsets. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed linear moving model and algorithm, the results of the grey model GM(1,1) and the ARIMA model are also compared. The experimental results indicated that the algorithm can detect clock outliers, frequency modulation, and phase jumps, and the linear model has a better clock performance improvement. After the abnormalities are removed with the proposed algorithm, the average STD accuracy of the real-time clock offsets for all satellites is improved by 15.5%, compared to an improvement of 11.4% by the GM(1,1) model and 11.5% by the ARIMA model. The PPP results demonstrate that the proposed clock prediction algorithm improves the positioning accuracy by 8.1%, 13.3%, and 16.9% in the east, north, and up components, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) with limited therapeutic options has become a global concern. In this study, a K. pneumoniae strain called KP2e was recovered from a human case of fatal septic shock in a Chinese hospital. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, S1 nuclease-pulsed field gel electrophoresis/southern blot, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics were performed to investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of this isolate. KP2e possessed the NDM-6-encoding gene and exhibited resistance to almost all β-lactams except for monobactam. This strain belonged to sequence type 4024, the complete genome of which was composed of one chromosome and three plasmids. Furthermore, bla NDM–6 coexisted on two self-transmissible plasmids, which were assigned to types IncFIB and IncN. A structure of IS 26 -composite transposon capturing an identical Tn 125 remnant (ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM–6 - ble MBL - trpF - dsbC - cutA - groES -Δ groEL) was identified in the two plasmids, and this conserved bla NDM -surrounding genetic context was similar to that of few IncN plasmids found in other regions of China. Our research appears to be the first description of a clinical strain that emerged co-harbouring dual bla NDM -carrying plasmids, and the first report of NDM-6-positive CRKP in China. These findings demonstrated that IncN is a key medium in the evolution and expanding dissemination of bla NDM genes among various species, which indicates that close monitoring and rapid detection of bla NDM -harbouring plasmids is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) with limited therapeutic options has become a global concern. In this study, a K. pneumoniae strain called KP2e was recovered from a human case of fatal septic shock in a Chinese hospital. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, S1 nuclease-pulsed field gel electrophoresis/southern blot, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics were performed to investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of this isolate. KP2e possessed the NDM-6-encoding gene and exhibited resistance to almost all β-lactams except for monobactam. This strain belonged to sequence type 4024, the complete genome of which was composed of one chromosome and three plasmids. Furthermore, bla NDM-6 coexisted on two self-transmissible plasmids, which were assigned to types IncFIB and IncN. A structure of IS 26 -composite transposon capturing an identical Tn 125 remnant (ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM-6 - ble MBL - trpF - dsbC - cutA - groES -Δ groEL ) was identified in the two plasmids, and this conserved bla NDM -surrounding genetic context was similar to that of few IncN plasmids found in other regions of China. Our research appears to be the first description of a clinical strain that emerged co-harbouring dual bla NDM -carrying plasmids, and the first report of NDM-6-positive CRKP in China. These findings demonstrated that IncN is a key medium in the evolution and expanding dissemination of bla NDM genes among various species, which indicates that close monitoring and rapid detection of bla NDM -harbouring plasmids is necessary., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gong, Lu, Xue, Wei, Li, Li, Lu, Wang, Wang, Peng and Zhao.)