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A series of hollow carbon nanospheres embedded with MRI agents γ-Fe2O3 and GdPO4 nanoparticles (Fe–Gd/HCS), were prepared and applied to in vitro/vivo evaluation with well defined sizes of ∼100 nm, ∼200 nm, ∼300 nm, respectively.

Nano-immunotherapy has been recognized as a highly promising strategy for cancer treatment in recent decades, which combines nanotechnology and immunotherapy to combat against tumors. Hybrid nanomaterials consisting of at least two constituents with distinct compositions and properties, usually organic and inorganic, have been engineered with integrated functions and enormous potential in boosting cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a summary of hybrid nanomaterials reported for cancer immunotherapy, including nanoscale metal-organic frameworks, metal-phenolic networks, mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles, metallofullerene nanomaterials, polymer-lipid, and biomacromolecule-based hybrid nanomaterials. The combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, radiodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and sonodynamic therapy based on hybrid nanomaterials is also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospects for designing hybrid nanomaterials and their application in cancer immunotherapy are outlined.

The need for an accurate model that can derive the absorption coefficient of optical activity constituents from both marine water and coastal water remains necessary. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for determining the absorption coefficients for both phytoplankton and non-phytoplankton pigments [aph(λ) and adg(λ), respectively]. This algorithm included two portions: (1) the total absorption coefficients at the blue and green bands were computed using a neural network technology-based, quasi-analytical algorithm; and (2) the relationship between the adg(λ) coefficient and the coefficient of total absorption was analyzed. This algorithm was evaluated with both in-situ observations and remote-sensed satellite data. The results showed that the algorithm could produce acceptable results in the retrievals of adg(λ) and aph(λ) in both turbid and clear waters. The results also indicated that the proposed algorithm was effective for distinguishing between adg(λ) and aph(λ) from the total coefficients of absorption, even though more independent assessments using in-situ and remote-sensed data are required to further improve the approach.

As the largest consumer of coal energy, coal-fired power plants emit large amounts of PbCl2 each year, which is of wide concern due to its high toxicity, global migration, and accumulation. Unburned carbon is considered a promising adsorbent for effective PbCl2 removal. However, there is a problem that the current unburned carbon model cannot show the structure of carbon defects on the actual unburned carbon surface. Therefore, it is important to construct defective unburned carbon models with practical significance. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of PbCl2 by an unburned model is not studied deeply enough and the reaction mechanism is not clear yet. This has seriously affected the development of effective adsorbents. To reveal the adsorption mechanism of PbCl2 on unburned carbon, the adsorption mechanism of PbCl2 on defective unburned carbon surfaces was analyzed by using the density flooding theory to investigate the adsorption process of PbCl2 on different unburned carbon models. This will provide theoretical guidance for the design and development of adsorbents for the removal of PbCl2 from coal-fired power plants.

IntroductionAbdominal surgery is associated with common complications, including decreased or poor appetite, abdominal distension, abdominal pain caused by decreased or absent gastrointestinal motility, anal arrest with flatus and defecation, and nausea and vomiting resulting from the use of anaesthetics and opioid analgesics. These complications seriously affect postoperative recovery, prolong hospital stay and aggravate patient burden. This study aims to investigate for the first time the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) therapy for rapid recovery after laparotomy for gastrointestinal surgery. There have been no clinical studies of this combination therapy.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective, single-centre, three-arm, randomised controlled trial. A total of 480 patients undergoing abdominal surgery will be stratified according to surgery type (ie, gastric or colorectal procedure) and randomised into three groups; namely, the EA, TEAS +EA and control groups. The control group will receive enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)-standardised perioperative management, including preoperative education, optimising the anaesthesia scheme, avoiding intraoperative hypothermia, restrictive fluid infusion and reducing surgical trauma. The EA group will receive EA stimulation at LI4, PC6, ST36, ST37 and ST39 based on the ERAS-standardised perioperative management. Moreover, the TEAS +EA group will receive ERAS-standardised perioperative management; EA stimulation at the LI4, PC6, ST36, ST37 and ST39; and TEAS stimulation at ST21 and SP15. The primary outcome will be the GI-2 (composite outcome of time to first defaecation and time to tolerance of a solid diet). Secondary outcomes will include the time of first passage of flatus, time to first defaecation, time to tolerance of a solid diet, time to first ambulation, hospital duration from operation to discharge, pain and nausea vomiting scores on the Visual Analogue Scale, medication use, incidence of postoperative complications and evaluation of treatment modality acceptability. All statistical analyses will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (approval number: 2021; number 52). The results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100045646.

Hierarchically ordered porous materials with tailored and inter-connected macro-, meso-, and micro-pores would facilitate the heterogeneous adsorption and catalysis processes for a wide range of applications but remain a challenge for synthetic chemists. Here, a general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of inverse opal metal-organic frameworks (IO MOFs) with a tunable size of macro-, meso-, and micro-pores is reported. The strategy is based on the step-wise template formation, precursor infiltration, solvo-thermal reaction, and chemical etching. As a proof of the general applicability of this strategy, a series of inverse opal zirconium-based MOFs with intrinsic micro- and/or meso-pores, including UiO-66, MOF-808, NU-1200, NU-1000 and PCN-777, and tunable macropores (1 µm, 2 µm, 3 µm, 5 µm, and 10 µm), have been prepared with outstanding yields. These IO MOFs demonstrate significantly enhanced absorption rates and faster initial hydrolysis rates for organophosphorus (OPs) aggregates compared to those of the pristine MOFs. This work paves the way for the further development of hierarchically ordered MOFs for advanced applications.

The size modulation of hollow carbon nanospheres (HCSs) has attracted great interest in the contexts of cellular uptake, drug delivery and bioimaging. In this study, a facile fabrication method was specifically used to minimize all influencing factors except for the particle size. A series of nanoparticles of hollow carbon nanospheres embedded with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoagent γ-Fe

In situ incorporating versatile magnetic iron nanoparticles into ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) by means of synthetic methodology for functional integration is a great challenge. Inspired by the phenomenon of uniovular twins in nature, a homometallic [Fe9(μ3-O)4(O3PPh)3(O2CCMe3)13] ({Fe9P3}) cluster was synthesized and used as the ovulum to in situ produce dual-Fe nanoparticle (γ-Fe2O3 and Fe(PO3)3)-functionalized OMC (dual-Fe/OMC). In vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed a longitudinal relaxation (r1) and transverse relaxation (r2) of 9.74 and 26.59 mM−1 s−1 with a r2/r1 ratio of 2.73 at 0.5 T. The MRI performances were further examined by mouse model with a subcutaneous HeLa tumor. In addition, the low cytotoxicity, considerable loading capacity and delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) were also studied in vitro. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the concept of uniovular twins in the one-pot preparation of dual-Fe/OMC for functional integration.

Urban Black and Odorous Water (BOW) has become an environmental problem in many cities in China. The use of satellite remote sensing technology to identify BOW is still in its infancy, and there are many problems that need further solutions. In order to monitor BOW by satellite, between 2016 and 2017, the reflectance of remote sensing and some other parameters of 173 samples were collected from multiple field water experiments first. The samples were located at the major BOW in the urban areas of four Chinese cities, and the differences in remote sensing reflectance of severe BOW (SBOW), moderate BOW (MBOW), and general water (GW) were analyzed. Based on field measurements of spectral data, six remote sensing classification or identification models of BOW were compared in terms of their correct identification rate and reliability. The results show that compared with the GW in the study area, the urban BOW has the lowest reflectance. The peaks and valleys were not obvious in the visible band, especially the remote sensing reflectance of heavy BOW, which fluctuated very little in the visible band. Compared with the other five models, the H Index model had the best identification correctness and reliability.

Radial electric (E)-field induced periodic polarization rotation from orthorhombic (O) to MC-type monoclinic (MC) phase in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.34PbTiO3 (PMN-0.34 PT) single crystals has been studied by in situ polarized light microscope. The piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ∗ ) and dielectric permittivity ( e 33 T / e 0 ) were 1800 pm/V and 5100, respectively, for [100]-oriented MC samples, almost three times of those in [011]-oriented O phase crystals. The domain structure evolution from 1O to 4MC was confirmed based on the optical extinction rules and permissible domain configurations. Moreover, the phase transition sequences of [100]- and [011]-poled PMN-0.34 PT crystals were MC—Tetragonal (T)—Cubic (C) and O—T—C upon heating, respectively. Our findings suggest that the phase stability of this crystals is associated with the orientation of applied field and radial E-field can serve as a general strategy to get fundamental insights into large piezoelectric activity and anisotropic phase stability in ferroelectric single crystals.

The electrocaloric effect (ECE) of Mn doped Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PIN-PMN-PT:Mn) single crystals with particular emphasis on the impact of crystallographic orientations and phase transitions were investigated systematically. Orientation-dependent phase transitions have been demonstrated by the dielectric and strain behaviors. Intriguingly, the negative ECE of – 0.02 °C and – 0.002 °C were obtained firstly in [001]-oriented PIN-PMN-PT:Mn crystals near the rhombohedral→tetragonal phase transformation and in [011]-oriented crystals near the rhombohedral→orthorhombic phase transformation, respectively. However, only the positive ECE was found in [111]-oriented crystals near the tetragonal→rhombohedral phase transition. Additionally, the maximum ECE temperature changes calculated in [001]-, [011]- and [111]-oriented crystals were 0.33 °C, 0.46 °C and 0.38 °C, respectively. Our results suggest that the negative ECE is attributed to electric field-induced phase transitions, whose critical field decreases with the increase of temperature. The phase transition-mediated coexistence of positive and negative effects in the relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals is beneficial to enhance the efficiency of the solid-state cooling devices.

Cracks repairing of superalloy is very important to the aerospace industry. Most of the crack repairing studies have the same “crack width” which is quite different from the taper-shaped crack in reality. In this study tapered slots with maximum 200 μm width were artificially made by femtosecond laser in small plates of IN738LC superalloy to imitate service cracks. The “cracks” were repaired by diffusion brazing with a mixed filler alloy at 1100 °C for 24 h and followed by homogenization at temperatures of 1160 °C (HT-1), 1180 °C (HT-2) and 1190 °C (HT-3). With increasing homogenization temperature and time, the volume faction of borides in diffusion affected zone (DAZ) decreased. During the homogenization with HT-3, most of the borides in the DAZ of the joint dissolved, merely a small quantity of others coarsened by Ostwald ripening. In order of the processes as-bonded, HT-1, HT-2 and HT-3, the chemical composition of the isothermal solidification zones (ISZs) gradually came close to that of the base metal and the hardness of the ISZs increased, while the hardness of the DAZs decreased. A uniform bonded joint could be obtained with HT-3, and the shear strength of the joint reached up to approximately 95% of the base metal. The corresponding fracture path and fractography of the samples were observed to explain the mechanism of strength evolution.

Three cadmium phosphonate coordinated polymers, namely as [Cd5(ptz)3(SO4)2(5H2O)]·6H2O (Cdptz-1), [Cd3(ptz)2(Cl)2(4H2O)]·2H2O (Cdptz-2) and [Cd4(ptz)2(SO4)(Cl)(OH)H2O]·H2O (Cdptz-3) have been hydrothermally synthesized using 4-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenylphosphonic acid (H2ptz) as ligand. Single crystal X-ray analyses revealed Cdptz-2 as layered structure and Cdptz-1,3 as pillar-layered structures with Cl- or SO42- as bridging anions. Due to the weak bonding between metal and anions, Cdptz-1 and 2 can reversibly convert into each other by simple immersing in the corresponding solution at room temperature. While the transformations between Cdptz-1,2 and Cdptz-3 can only happen under hydrothermal condition. The causes for the transformation involve the metal-ligand bond breaking/formation, replacement of anions and enhancement/decrement of the network dimensionality.

(Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 (PLZST) tetragonal antiferroeletric single crystals have been grown by conventional flux method. Phase structure, domain evolution, electric field-induced strain and energy storage properties of the as-grown PLZST crystals with [100] crystallographic orientation have been investigated systematically. A large electric field-induced strain up to 0.76% at 110 °C and a giant memory strain of 0.51% at 100 °C have been realized in the PLZST crystals. This field-induced strain has a nonlinear relationship with the square polarization, which simultaneously stems from the quadratic and higher order electrostrictions. Furthermore, a good thermal stability of energy storage performance with the recoverable energy variation less than 5% in a wide temperature window (105 °C) has been achieved. The combination of high strain and good thermal stability of energy storage wound make the PLZST crystals one of the most important candidates for high temperature electromechanical coupling and high reliability energy-storage devices.

Two phenylethynylplatinum(II) terpyridine (PEPtTPY)-derived polymers PtP1 and PtP2 have been prepared from the coupling reactions of two PEPtTPY-incorporated dialdehydes and an oligo(ethylene glycol)-derived diacylhydrazine which form hydrazone bonds quantitatively. Phosphorescence and absorption studies revealed that in binary MeCN and DMSO the PEPtTPY units of both polymers undergo intramolecular Pt⋯Pt interaction and π–π stacking to induce the backbones of the polymers to form pleated conformations. Adding LiClO4 or NaClO4 further stabilizes the two polymeric pleated foldamers by electrostatically binding the oligo(ethylene glycol) chains to induce the chains to fold.

Two-dimensional tungstenite (WS2) has great potential to efficiently control gaseous Hg0 release, because of its wide surface area and the high affinity between mercury and sulfur in WS2. The mercury species adsorption and conversion mechanism over raw and defective WS2(0 0 1) surface was investigated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The results show that Sdefect site on the WS2 surface exhibits more outstanding ability than Stop site to strongly adsorb Hg0. The oxidizing mercury species (HgO, HgS, HgCl and HgBr) are much easier to be adsorbed by WS2 than elemental mercury, with higher adsorption energy (from −76.09 to −182.59 kJ/mol). The reaction path in the formation of HgS includes a two-step process on S-WS2: Hg0 → HgS(ads) → HgS. In the first reaction step, the energy barrier of surface reaction between elemental mercury and defective S-WS2 is just 4.02 kJ/mol. The second desorption step is an endothermic process and the rate-determining step. The verifying experiment show that WS2 has excellent mercury removal ability at low reaction temperatures under different kinds of flue gas environment. In the whole, WS2 is one of most promising sorbent materials, which can be used for the efficient control of gaseous mercury.

The problem with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as CO2-epoxide cycloaddition catalysts is the ambiguous catalytic sites. No system can precisely modify the structures and thus optimize the catalytic performance. Reticular chemistry is recognized as an efficient approach to systematically control the chemical and structural features as well as the properties of porous, crystalline materials. In this work, a Zn-phosphonocarboxylate framework (ZnPC-2) was employed as a prototype structure to investigate the structure–property relationship (SPR). ZnPC-2 is a porous rutile-type framework constructed by 6-connected Zn3(PO3)2(CO2)4 secondary building unit (Zn3-SBU) and tritopic 5-phosphonobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (H4pbdc). ZnPC-2 showed the ability to catalyze the CO2 cycloaddition reactions and Zn3-SBU was proved as efficient catalytic site. Guided by reticular chemistry, a series of iso-reticular frameworks, including Hpyr@ZnPC-2 (Hpyr = protonated pyrrolidine, Hpyr is fixed by hydrogen bonding interactions to participate the channel into segments); MZnPC-2 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu; Zn(II) atoms on Zn3-SBU were partially replaced by M) and ZnPC-2-im (im = imidazole, im coordinates to the apical Zn(II) on Zn3-SBU), were designed and successfully synthesized to explore the precise active site. The catalytic performances over these iso-structures together with density functional theory calculations revealed that the dynamical transformation of the apical Zn (II) on Zn3-SBU from tetrahedral geometry to five coordinated model played the pivotal role during the catalytic process.

Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence all over the world. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is an important regulator of intracellular signaling pathways, which is frequently mutated and overexpressed in majority of human breast cancers, and the inhibition of PI3K has been considered as a promising approach for the treatment of the cancer. Here, we report our design and synthesis of new 7-azaindole derivatives as PI3K inhibitors through the scaffold hopping strategy. By varying the groups at the 3-position of 7-azaindole, we identified a series of potent PI3K inhibitors, whose antiproliferative activities against two human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were evaluated. Representative derivatives FD2054 and FD2078 showed better activity than BKM120 in antiproliferation, reduced the levels of phospho-AKT and induced cell apoptosis. All these results suggested that FD2054 and FD2078 are potent PI3K inhibitors that could be considered as potential candidates for the development of anticancer agents.

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors potently inhibit the signaling pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, which provides a promising new approach for the molecularly targeted cancer therapy. In this work, a novel series of 7-azaindole scaffold derivatives was discovered by the fragment-based growing strategy. The structure-activity relationship profiles identified that the 7-azaindole scaffold derivatives exhibit potent activity against PI3K at molecular and cellular levels as well as cell proliferation in a panel of human tumor cells.

1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and bipyridinium (BIPY2+) were copolymerized into NP1 and NP2 linked by acylhydrazone bonds. The formed intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) complex drove the linear foldamers to adopt pleated folding conformation. Upon protonation of the DAN units by triflic acid (TFSA), the pleated folding conformation unfolded to linear structure because of electron repulsion. And this linear structure can be refolded to pleated structure by titrating with triethylamine (TEA). 1,5-dinaphtho[38]crown-10 (DN38C10) can encapsulate bipyridinium group on the polymers after protonation. These processes were supported by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies.

Chromatographic separation of a crude extract obtained from the fungus Aspergillus sp., isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Tethya aurantium , yielded a new tryptophan derived alkaloid, 3-((1-hydroxy-3-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2-oxoindolin-3-yl)methyl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ e ][1,4]diazepine-2,5-dione ( 1 ), and a new meroterpenoid, austalide R ( 2 ), together with three known compounds ( 3 – 5 ). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive one and two-dimensional NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, HMBC, and ROESY) and mass spectral analysis. Interestingly, the compounds exhibited antibacterial activity when tested against a panel of marine bacteria, with 1 selectively inhibiting Vibrio species and 2 showing a broad spectrum of activity. In contrast, no significant activity was observed against terrestrial bacterial strains and the murine cancer cell line L5178Y.

Chromatographic separation of a crude extract obtained from the fungus Aspergillus sp., isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Tethya aurantium, yielded five new meroterpenoid metabolites, austalides M–Q (1–5), together with nine known compounds (6–13). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR methods and by mass spectral analysis. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of 1 and 4 were determined by time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT ECD) calculations, allowing the assignment of the absolute configuration of analogous compounds 2, 3, and 5. The calculations revealed that the conformation of the benzene-fused phthalide chromophore, which is sensitive to even minor changes in its proximity, is decisive for the ECD parameters, rendering a simple ECD comparison of related homochiral austalides difficult. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against murine cancer cell line L5178Y by using the MTT method. Compounds 8 and 11 exhibited moderate to pronounced cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 39.4 and 0.2 μM, respectively, whereas the remaining investigated compounds showed either weak or no activity in this assay.

Five organic–inorganic hybrid gallium oxalate-phosphates, [Ga2(PO4)2(H2O)(C2O4)0.5](C3N2H12)0.5(H2O) (1), [Ga2(PO4)2(C2O4)0.5](C2N2H10)0.5(H2O) (2), [Ga2(PO4)2(C2O4)0.5](C3N2H12)0.5 (3), [Ga2(PO4)2(H2PO4)0.5(C2O4)0.5](C4N3H16)0.5 (H2O)1.5 (4) and [Ga2.5(PO4)2.5(H2O)1.5(C2O4)0.5](C4N3H15)0.5 (5), have been synthesized by using 1,3-diaminopropane, ethylenediamine and diethylene triamine as structure-directing agents under hydrothermal condition. The structures of 1–5 are based on Ga4(PO4)4(C2O4) building unit made up from Ga2O8(C2O4) oxalate-bridging dimer and alternating PO4 and GaO4 tetrahedral units. Compound 1 is layered structure where the building units link together in the same orientation. Corner sharing of these similar layers result in three-dimensional (3-D) structure 2. However, in compound 3, the building units arrange in a wave-like way to generate two types of eight member ring (8MR) channels. Both 4 and 5 contain the layers where the building units have an opposite orientation. Those layers are linked by H2PO4 group and Ga(PO4)(H2O)3 cluster, respectively, to form 3-D frameworks with 12MR large pore channels. Compounds 2–5 exhibit intersecting 3-D channels where the protoned amines are located.

A basic zinc nitrate, [Zn(OH)(NO3)]n with a novel framework reported herein is prepared by solvothermal synthesis, and holds a rare three-dimensional (10,3)-d net called by Wells. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group, Pna21 (No. 33), a = 9.148 ( 3 ) A , b = 7.596 ( 3 ) A , c = 5.500 ( 2 ) A , Z = 4 , V = 382.2 ( 2 ) A 3 , ρ calcd = 2.509 M g / m 3 , μ = 6.290 mm - 1 , 3.49 θ 27.51 , T = 293 K , R 1 = 0.029 , w R 2 = 0.0773 for 697 ( I > 2 σ ( I ) ) of 1728 [ R ( int ) = 0.0246 ] unique reflections and 59 parameters. GOF=1.073. Interestingly this basic zinc nitrate, [Zn(OH)(NO3)]n behaves well at removal capacity for hydrogen chloride gas, 20.3 g HCl/100 g, and its framework is not destroyed yet. This adsorption character may be useful for the removal of toxic gases in the environment.

地すべりが単独の移動体からなるか, 二つ以上の移動体の集合からなるかは, 地すべりの発生機構と深くかかわる。地すべり形態を規制する要因の一つにボトルネック構造があるが, 公表事例が少なく, その役割は不明であった。ボトルネックは, 地すべり移動体の分化と移動方向を規制する効果がある。また, 複数のボトルネックの相互関連によって, 単一の移動体からなる長大地すべりを形成することがある。

Two layered indium oxalates, In(C 2 O 4 ) 2.5 (C 3 N 2 H 12 )(H 2 O) 3 , I, and In(C 2 O 4 ) 1.5 (H 2 O) 3 , II, have been hydrothermally synthesized. In I, the linkage between indium and oxalate units gives rise to a sheet with a rectangular 12-membered aperture (six indium atoms and six oxalate units). Indium atom of II has an unusual pentagonal bipyramidal coordination arrangement. The connectivity between indium and oxalate units forms a neutral puckered layer with 12- (along a -axis) and eight-membered (along b -axis) apertures. Crystal data for these two indium oxalates are as follows: I, triclinic, space group: P -1 (No. 2), a =8.725(3) A, b =9.170(3) A, c =9.901(3) A, α =98.101(4)°, β =97.068(4)°, γ =102.403(4)°, V =756.3(4) A 3 , Z =2, M =463.0(5), ρ calc =2.042 g/cm 3 , R 1 =0.0377, w R 2 =0.0834. II, monoclinic, space group: P 2 1 / c (No. 14), a =10.203(5) A, b =6.638(1) A, c =11.152(7) A, β =95.649(4)°, V =751.7(4)A 3 , Z =4, M =300.9(0), ρ calc =2.659 g/cm 3 , R 1 =0.0229, w R 2 =0.0488. TG analyses indicate the water molecules of I can be removed at 150°C. The dehydrated product retains structural integrity.

A simple procedure has been described to directly synthesize hydrothermally stable, disordered mesoporous aluminosilicate materials with strong surface acidity by using a polymer aluminosilicate precursor, and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agent. The comparison of stability, acidity and catalytic activity for the disordered mesoporous materials and Al-MCM-41 has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, infrared spectra, NH3-temperature program desorption (NH3-TPD) and 27Al MAS NMR techniques. The results show that the disordered mesoporous materials are very similar to mesoporous material MCM-41 as regards its uniform mesopore sizes at the mean value of 3.0 nm, while the mesoporous channel arrangement is fully disordered similar to that for KIT-1 prepared by the additive of organic salts. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images show that the products have regular microscopic arrays and layer sheet-like morphology. The disordered mesoporous materials are hydrothermally more stable than highly ordered MCM-41. Furthermore, they show stronger acid strength and higher cracking activities than Al-containing MCM-41.

β-Glucogallin (BGG), a major component of the Emblica officinalis medicinal plant, is a potent and selective inhibitor of aldose reductase (AKR1B1). New linkages (ether/triazole/amide) were introduced via high yielding, efficient syntheses to replace the labile ester, and an original two-step (90%) preparation of BGG was developed. Inhibition of AKR1B1was assessed in vitro and using transgenic lens organ cultures, which identified the amide linked glucoside (BGA) as a stable, potent, and selective therapeutic lead toward the treatment of diabetic eye disease.

沖縄の第三紀島尻層群地帯の破砕泥岩地すべりと軟化泥岩地すべりのすべり面土の強度を, それぞれ浦添地すべりと山川地すべりを事例として対比し, 相違点について論じた。浦添試料と山川試料の双方が低いピーク強度を示したが, これは, 浦添では亀裂の存在に起因し, 山川試料では軟化の結果である。残留強度は, 配向性のスメクタイト粒子を含有する浦添試料がφr=11°を示したのに対して, スメクタイト量の少ない山川試料ではφr=25.5°であった。浦添試料と山川試料の残留強度の違いは両地すべりのすべり挙動の違いと関連づけられる。

Pores for thought: A new extra large germanate zeolite-type structure has been synthesized by using high-charge multiamine as a template in a pseudo-aqueous system (DMF/H2 O). The novel zeolite-type germanate with low framework density (11.1) has a 24- and 12-membered ring honeycomb array with three-dimensional intersecting channels.