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Identifying biomarkers is essential to obtain the optimal therapeutic benefit while treating patients with late-life depression (LLD). We compare LLD patients with healthy controls (HC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging data to identify neuroimaging biomarkers that may be potentially associated with the underlying pathophysiology of LLD. We implement a Bayesian multimodal local false discovery rate approach for functional connectivity, borrowing strength from structural connectivity to identify disrupted functional connectivity of LLD compared to HC. In the Bayesian framework, we develop an algorithm to control the overall false discovery rate of our findings. We compare our findings with the literature and show that our approach can better detect some regions never discovered before for LLD patients. The Hub of our discovery related to various neurobehavioral disorders can be used to develop behavioral interventions to treat LLD patients who do not respond to antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we developed a Bayesian multimodal model to detect biomarkers (or neuromarkers) using resting-state functional and structural data while comparing a late-life depression group with a healthy control group. Biomarker detection helps determine a target for treatment intervention to get the optimal therapeutic benefit for treatment-resistant patients. The borrowing strength of the structural connectivity has been quantified for functional activity while detecting the biomarker. In the biomarker searching process, thousands of hypotheses are generated and tested simultaneously using our novel method to control the false discovery rate for small samples. Several existing statistical approaches, frequently used in analyzing neuroimaging data have been investigated and compared via simulation with the proposed approach to show its excellent performance. Results are illustrated with a live data set generated in a late-life depression study. The role of detected biomarkers in terms of cognitive function has been explored., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Bhaumik, Wang, Yen and Ajilore.)

Study Objectives: Positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment of obstructive sleep apnea reduces blood pressure (BP). Retrospective data suggest that African Americans (AA), a group at high-risk for hypertensive organ dysfunction, may have a greater BP response to PAP therapy than European Americans (EA). We examined the difference in 24-hour BP response to 3 months of PAP treatment between AA and EA., Methods: Participants (n = 259, 161 AA and 98 EA) with apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events/h from 2 prospective cohorts were included. t -Tests and multiple linear regression were used to examine BP outcomes in AA vs EA, adjusting for PAP adherence, socioeconomic status, and baseline characteristics., Results: Participants were middle aged (mean ± SD, 53.8 ± 9.3 years), 86% (227) men, apnea-hypopnea index 35.6 ± 19.2 events/h, and PAP adherence of 3.36 ± 2.24 h/day. The reductions in 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP (mm Hg) were not different in AA vs EA (systolic = -1.13 ± 12.1 vs -0.61 ± 12.8, P  = .80 and diastolic = -0.74 ± 7.9 vs -0.80 ± 7.4, P  = .96), and race was not a predictor of 24-hour systolic or diastolic BP reduction ( P  = .75 and 0.54). Socioeconomic status and PAP adherence demonstrated a significant interaction; low socioeconomic status was associated with an increase in 24-hour systolic BP (β = 19.3, P  = .03) in the absence of PAP use but a greater reduction in 24-hour systolic BP with higher PAP adherence (β = -3.96, P  = .03)., Conclusions: Twenty-four hour BP response to PAP treatment is similar in AA and EA. Adherence to PAP treatment is more effective in improving 24-hour systolic BP in those with low SES., Clinical Trial Registration: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Race and CPAP Effectiveness (RACE); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01960465; Identifier: NCT01960465 and Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: The Effects of Treating Obese and Lean Patients with Sleep Apnea (PISA); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01578031; Identifier: NCT01578031., Citation: Imayama I, Gupta A, Yen PS, et al. Socioeconomic status impacts blood pressure response to positive airway pressure treatment. J Clin Sleep Med . 2022;18(5):1287-1295., (© 2022 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.)