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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) has become an important economic fruit tree in China. In April 2022, branch dieback was observed in 15-year-old walnut trees (cv Wen 185) in a commercial orchard in Aksu, Xinjiang, China (40°21′55′′N, 80°1′48′′E), with an incidence of 2% (4 out of 200 trees) of affected trees. The symptoms observed, included depressed and shrunken cankers, twigs and branches dieback. Cross-sections of diseased branches revealed dark-brown wedge-shaped lesions. To isolate the potential causal pathogen, four specimens were isolated from diseased branches, and small pieces taken from the edge of canker samples (0.5 × 0.5 cm), were disinfected by immersion in 75% ethanol for 30 s and 2% NaClO solution for 3 min, and rinsed three times with sterile water. The disinfected wood samples were then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated in the dark at 25°C for 2-3 days. Then, we applied the mycelial tip purification method and repeated this purification process until a single colony was formed. Four pure isolates (3-1-51A, W-2-54, K-1-43A, K-1-43B) developed white to white-gray fast-growing colonies with abundant aerial mycelium after seven days at 25°C on PDA and gradually became dark olive green over subsequent growth stages. Conidia production was then induced on 2% w/v water agar containing sterilized pine needles under near-U/V light (Alves et al., 2004). The conidia were initially hyaline, thick-walled, oblong to ovoid with one septum and a size range of 19.47-24.16 × 9.78-13.51 µm (n = 40). Based on morphological characteristics these isolates were tentatively identified as Diplodia mutila (Fr.) Mont. (Alves et al., 2004).To confirm the pathogen identified, the representative isolate 3-1-51A was amplified and sequenced using specific primer pairs (ITS1/ITS4, EF1-986/EF1-728E, BT2a/BT2b) to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and beta-tubulin (TUB) (White et al. 1990; Carbone and Kohn 1999; O’ Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), respectively. The sequences showed 100% similarity to two D. mutila strains CBS230.30 and CBS112553. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed based on a concatenated dataset (ITS + TEF1-α + TUB) gene using MEGA 11. 0 and isolate 3-1-51A formed a single clade with the reference ex-type of D. mutila. The isolate 3-1-51A was deposited into GenBank as OP006733, OP373140, and OP373139 for ITS, TEF1-α, and TUB, respectively. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests were performed using isolate 3-1-51A on one-year-old healthy walnut branches cv. Wen 185 of walnut trees (n=5). Five twigs of healthy walnut branches were cleaned, submerged in 1% NaClO for 15 minutes and then dried. Then, a sterile hole punch (5mm in diameter) was used to create a wound in the middle of each walnut branch, and placing mycelial plugs(3 days old; 5 mm in diameter) and sealed with parafilm. An equal number of twigs inoculated with sterile agar plugs served as controls. On the 7th day after inoculation, dark brown coloration was developed on the branches with symptoms of shrinkage dryness, and dieback. D. mutila isolate was re-isolated only from the inoculated branches. In negative control twigs, lesions and re-isolated were absent, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. D. mutila has been previously reported causing canker and branch dieback in walnut trees in Chile (Díaz et al. 2018) and California (Chen et al. 2014). Previously, D. seriata (Zhang et al. 2017), Botryosphaeria dothidea (Guo et al. 2016), Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (Guo et al. 2016), Dothiorella gregaria (Liu et al. 1986) and Neofusicoccum parvum (Yu et al. 2015) have been identified on walnut trees in China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canker and branch dieback caused by D. mutila in walnut trees in Xinjiang, China. Further studies are now required to better understand the etiology of canker and branch dieback on walnut trees from different areas in China.

This study uses demographic methods to understand Chinese women in 20s’ beauty concerns. Mainly focus on the impact about five following 5 socio-cultural factors of beauty concerns includes media beauty interest, beauty consciousness, friend beauty tendency, cultural living standards, and dependence on others. In the survey, Chinese women in their 20s will be asked about the impact on sociocultural factors of beauty interests. The study conducted a total of 350 women in 30 cities across China, including large cities, metropolitan cities, secondary cities, small cities and prefectural cities. Excluding 41 unfaithful or missing responses, 301 surveys were used as final analysis. The survey results are categorized according to general characteristics and socio-cultural factors in appearance. In general characteristics, people in their 20s were divided into three groups (20-23 years old, 24-26 years old, 27-29 years old) to surveyed on their final educational background, direct, poor areas, and monthly living expenses. Also, the socio-cultural factors of appearance were divided into five categories including media appearance, beauty awareness, friend beauty tendency, cultural living standards and dependence on others. Their beauty concerns are mainly focused on hair beauty, face beauty, nail beauty, and skin care. Investigating the above content, “the difference between interest in beauty based on general characteristics”, “the relationship between social cultural factors of appearance and interest in beauty”, and “the influence of socio-cultural factors on appearance” were identified as research questions.

The mixed-criticality system provides multiple real-time applications with different criticalities in a single system. Poor energy-saving performance of the previous studies on mixed-criticality sporadic tasks are mainly due to the fact that the slack time generated from the random arrival of sporadic tasks is not taken into account. In this article, we focus on scheduling energy aware mixed-criticality sporadic tasks and take the random arrival of sporadic tasks into account. We proposed a dynamically frequency updating mixed-criticality algorithm (DFU). DFU based on the earliest deadline first scheme can exploit the slack time generated from high criticality tasks in a low criticality mode to reduce processor frequency. In addition, it also can dynamically update the utilization of sporadic tasks set to further reduce processor frequency. The simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of DFU and experimental results show that DFU consumes 34.29% less energy than that of the existing algorithms.

Background: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare idiopathic disease with a stable course that involves the mucous membrane of the tracheobronchial tree. Most cases present no specific symptoms, and there are currently no established guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. In this report, we discuss a single case of a patient with TO who was diagnosed based on clinical imaging and histopathology. Case Summary: A patient with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, but no specific clinical symptoms, was diagnosed with TO after undergoing fiber-optic bronchoscopy. Nodular processes with smooth surface mucosa and detached bronchial mucosa were observed. The presence of TO was confirmed by pathological examination. Conclusion: The diagnosis of TO is difficult, and early fiber-optic bronchoscopy and pathological examination should be performed to facilitate the diagnosis.

Cardiac fibrosis is a major structural change observed in the heart of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ultimately resulting in heart failure (HF). Suppression of inflammation is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac fibrosis and HF. Gentiopicroside (GPS), the primary component of Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, its cardioprotective role remains elusive.We explored the potential cardioprotective role of GPS in T2DM rats and its underlying mechanisms.T2DM rats built by high-fat diet and streptozotocin were orally administered 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg GPS, daily for 8 weeks. The positive control drug was Metformin (200 mg/kg/day). Primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were induced by high glucose (30 mM) and subsequently treated with GPS (100 μM). Cardiac function and pathological changes were analyzed using echocardiography and histological staining. Potential targets of GPS were predicted using Molecular docking. Real-time PCR as well as western blotting were applied to verify the expression of objective genes.All three doses reduced fasting blood glucose levels, but only 50 and 100 mg/kg GPS improved cardiac function and alleviated inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM rats. GPS (100 mg/kg) exhibited a better effect, similar to that of metformin. Mechanistically, binding between GPS and the MH2 domain of Smad3 blocked high glucose-induced Smad3 phosphorylation, thus attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation in CFs.We, for the first time, demonstrated that GPS improved cardiac function in T2DM rats and elucidated the underlying mechanism through which GPS targeted Smad3 phosphorylation to suppress inflammation and activation in CFs, thereby revealing the potential application of GPS in HF therapy.

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line drug for the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, individual curative effects of MPH vary. Many studies have demonstrated that synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene MnlI polymorphisms may be related to the efficacy of MPH. However, the association between SNAP-25MnlI polymorphisms and changes in brain hemodynamic responses after MPH treatment is still unclear. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to preliminarily investigate the interaction of MPH treatment-related prefrontal inhibitory functional changes with the genotype status of the SNAP-25 gene in children with ADHD. In total, 38 children with ADHD aged 6.76–12.08 years were enrolled in this study and divided into the following two groups based on SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphisms: T/T genotype group (wild-type group, 27 children) and G allele carrier group (mutation group, 11 children). The averaged oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes [Δavg oxy-Hb] and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes [Δavg deoxy-Hb] in the frontal cortex before MPH treatment and after 1.5 h (post-MPH1.5h) and 4 weeks (post-MPH4w) of MPH treatments were monitored using fNIRS during the go/no-go task. SNAP-IV scores were evaluated both pre-MPH and post-MPH4w treatments. In the T/T genotype group, [Δavg oxy-Hb] in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly higher after 4 weeks of MPH (post-MPH4W) treatment than pre-treatment; however, in the G allele group, no significant differences in [Δavg oxy-Hb] were observed between pre- and post-treatments. In the go/no-go task, the accuracy was significantly increased post-MPH4w treatment in the T/T genotype group, while no significant differences were observed in response time and accuracy of the “go” sand no-go task in the G allele group for pre-MPH, post-MPH1.5h, and post-MPH4w treatments. The T/T genotype group exhibited a significant decrease in SNAP-IV scores after MPH treatment, while the G allele group showed no significant difference. In conclusion, fNIRS data combined with SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism analysis may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the effects of MPH in children with ADHD.

BACKGROUND: The number of obese people continues to increase worldwide, and obesity-related complications add to every country’s health burden. Consequently, new weight-loss medications, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), are attracting increasing attention. This study sought to assess the cost effectiveness for weight loss of 4 GLP-1RAs in adult patients with obesity in the United States. METHODS: Four GLP-1RA groups that received Liraglutide (1.8 mg QD), Semaglutide (1.0 mg QW), Dulaglutide (1.5 mg QW), or Exenatide (10 μg BID), and one no-treatment group were compared using a decision-tree model. All the estimated parameters were derived from published articles. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were adopted as the study endpoints. We analyzed the results with the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold, and conducted deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The GLP-1RAs produced effective weight-loss results; however, not all the GLP-1RAs were cost effective compared to no treatment based on a WTP threshold of $195000/QALY. Among the 4 GLP-1RAs, Semaglutide provided a cost-effective strategy with an ICER of $135467/QALY. The sensitivity analyses showed that these results are reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Among the 4 GLP-1RAs, Semaglutide was the most cost-effective obesity medication.

In the case of multiple nonstationary independent source signals and linear instantaneous time-varying mixing systems, it is difficult to adaptively separate the multiple source signals. Therefore, the adaptive blind source separation (BSS) problem is firstly formally expressed and compared with tradition BSS problem. Then, we propose an adaptive blind identification and separation method based on the variable learning rate equivariant adaptive source separation via independence (EASI) algorithm. Furthermore, we analyze the scope and conditions of variable-learning rate EASI algorithm. The adaptive BSS simulation results also show that the variable learning rate EASI algorithm provides better separation effect than the fixed learning rate EASI and recursive least-squares algorithms.

Previous standby-sparing techniques assume that all tasks don't access to shared resources. In addition, primary tasks and backup tasks are allocated to the primary processor and spare processor respectively. Spare processor schedules tasks with maximum processor speed. Unlike previous techniques, we have studied the problem of minimizing energy consumption and preserving the original reliability for dynamic-priority real-time task set with shared resources in a standby-sparing system. We propose a novel energy-aware mixed partitioning scheduling algorithm (EAMPSA). Earliest deadline first/dynamic deadline modification (EDF/DDM) scheduling scheme is used to ensure that the shared resources can be accessed in a mutual exclusive manner. Uniformly speed is used to the primary processor and the spare processor. In addition, we use the mixed mapping partitioning of primary and backup tasks method to map tasks. A novel method of mapping task is proposed i.e. the tasks which need to access to shared resources are mapped into the primary processor and the tasks which have no resource requirements are mapped into the spare processor. Furthermore, DVS and DPM techniques are used for both primary and backup tasks to save energy. The experimental results show that the EAMPSA algorithm consumes average 55.43% less energy than that of the SSPT algorithm.

A functional association is uncovered between the ribosome-associated trigger factor (TF) chaperone and the ClpXP degradation complex. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrate conservation of the close proximity of tig, the gene coding for TF, and genes coding for ClpXP, suggesting a functional interaction. The effect of TF on ClpXP-dependent degradation varies based on the nature of substrate. While degradation of some substrates are slowed down or are unaffected by TF, surprisingly, TF increases the degradation rate of a third class of substrates. These include λ phage replication protein λO, master regulator of stationary phase RpoS, and SsrA-tagged proteins. Globally, TF acts to enhance the degradation of about 2% of newly synthesized proteins. TF is found to interact through multiple sites with ClpX in a highly dynamic fashion to promote protein degradation. This chaperone–protease cooperation constitutes a unique and likely ancestral aspect of cellular protein homeostasis in which TF acts as an adaptor for ClpXP., ClpXP is the main ATP-dependent proteolytic complex in bacteria, is essential for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis and is also critical for bacterial pathogenesis. Here, the authors establish a functional link between ClpXP and trigger actor, a chaperone involved in the early stages of protein folding.

Objective. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is responsible for many clinical manifestations. The present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory functions and mechanisms of TNK1 in atherosclerosis. Methods. The ApoE(-/-) mice and human carotid endarterectomy (CEA) atherosclerotic plaques were used to investigate the differential expression of TNK1. The ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or normal-fat diet (NFD) for 8 weeks; the aorta was separated and stained with oil red O to evaluate the formation of atherosclerosis. TNK1 in mice aorta was measured by qPCR. The human CEA were obtained and identified as ruptured and stable plaques. The level of TNK1 was measured by qPCR and Western-blot staining. Further studies were conducted in THP-1 cells to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of TNK1. We induced the formation of macrophages by incubating THP-1 cells with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Afterwards, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was used to stimulate the inflammation, and the secretion of inflammatory factors was measured by ELISA and qPCR. The levels of TNK1, total STAT1 and Tyk2, and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and Tyk2 were measured by western blot to uncover the mechanisms of TNK1. Results. The oil red O staining indicated obvious deposition of lipid on the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice after 8-week HFD treatment. The TNK1 level was much higher in both the HFD-fed ApoE(-/-) mice aorta arch and the ruptured human CEA plaques. We found that TNK1 was highly expressed in THP-1 cells, compared to other atherosclerotic related cells (HUVEC, HBMEC, and HA-VSMC), indicating TNK1 might be involved in the inflammation. Suppressing the expression of TNK1 by shTNK1 inhibited the oxLDL-induced secretion of inflammatory factors, such as IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α. ShTNK1 also inhibited the uptake of lipid and decreased the cellular cholesterol content in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the shTNK1 suppressed the oxLDL-induced phosphorylation of Tyk2 and STAT1. Conclusion. TNK1 participated in the inflammation in atherosclerosis. shTNK1 suppressed the oxLDL-induced inflammation and lipid deposition in THP-1 cells. The mechanism might be related to the Tyk2/STAT signal pathway.

Being known as the “world factory”, Dongguan city is in a high speed development period. The city not only upgrading its manufacturing industry, meanwhile, it is building the international advanced manufacturing center, which is the implementation of the "Made in Dongguan 2025". So, with relying on a greater bay area of Guangdong-HongKong-Macao strategic platform of the country, deeply develop from a "manufacturing city" to a world-class advanced manufacturing center with innovative ecosystem in manufacturing.

Background: With the continuous exploration and application of antibiotics, many common diseases have been treated while the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria has increased. The immediate raised of antibiotic-resistance makes it necessary to research special microorganisms for finding novel bioactive substances against drug-resistant bacteria. Insect-associated microbes have special metabolic pathways and are valuable resource base for the research and development of new antibiotics. The Odontotermes formosanus has formed a unique self-defense mechanismin the long-term evolution. Hence, nest of O. formosanus is a potential material for screening actinomycetes and compounds with bacteriostatic activity.Methods: The strain BYC17 was identified by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, and the bacteriostasis test of BYC17 was carried on. The active component was separated and purified after screening, and the structure of the active monomer compound was determined by spectral analysis. Finally, the bacteriostatic effect of the active monomer compound was tested.Results: BYC17 was identified as Streptomyces showdoensis with antimicrobial activity against all three test bacteria. The monomer compound BYC17-01 was isolated from BYC17 and identified as izumiphenazine A. Under the concentration of 90 μg/6 mm filter paper, the inhibition zones of the monomer compound BYC17-01 against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus tetragenus were 13.0, 9.0 and 11.1 mm respectively.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that izumiphenazine A produced by strain BYC17 hold the potential to be used against various human pathogenic microorganisms, particularly S. aureus and M. tetragenus .

Many real-time applications with different criticalities are integrated into a single mixed-criticality (MC) real-time system. Previous studies on MC systems assume that all tasks are executed in their worst case execution time and ignore the energy consumption in the high-criticality mode. In this paper, we focus on the actual execution time of tasks and consider the energy consumption in both the low-criticality mode and the high-criticality mode. First, we present a novel algorithm called EAU, which applies the actual execution time to re-compute the utilization of the task when a job is completed early or is released. In addition, it can apply the slack time generated from the early completion jobs and the jobs for which the processor speed is lower than the maximum processor speed in the high-criticality mode. Secondly, we analyze the scheduling feasibility of EAU. Finally, experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that EAU can save up to 46.84% of energy compared with existing algorithms.

Energy management is one of the key issues in the real-time embedded systems. The slowdown method based on the dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and the shutdown method based on the dynamic power management (DPM) can effectively reduce energy consumption. The previous algorithm which uses the static speed to deal with the blocking situation is too conservative. We present a static task synchronization for sporadic tasks scheduling (STSST) algorithm. The dynamic speed is computed to minimize energy consumption while satisfying the time constraints in the STSST algorithm. But, the STSST algorithm assumes that each task executes with its worst case execution time. As the actual execution time of the task is often lower than its worst case execution time. A dynamic task synchronization for sporadic task (DTSST) algorithm which can reclaim the slack time generated from the early completion task is proposed. It combines the DVS technique and the DPM technique to reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, the feasibility conditions are given and proved. The experimental results show that the DTSST algorithm can reduce energy consumption up to 20.57%∼67.66% over the STSST algorithm and it consumes 43.79%∼67.66% less energy than that of the DS algorithm.

This paper proposes a self-iteration principal component extraction (SIPCE) and direct matrix assembly method for three-dimensional structures. Different from calculating principal components (PCs) by matrix decomposition in traditional principal component analysis (PCA), SIPCE extracts PCs one by one through self-iteration, so SIPCE has lower space-time complexity. Besides that, it avoids singular-value and ill-posed problems of matrix decomposition. The previous method of solving three-dimensional structures is using modal coordinate response back general reversion of least square algorithm, while the new matrix assembly method calculates three-dimensional modal shapes at one time. So, the new matrix assembly method has less calculation error. The numerical simulation results in a cylindrical shell demonstrate that this method can be practically and effectively applied in operational modal analysis (OMA) of three-dimensional structures. The new method is also robust to noise, and has higher identification accuracy and lower space-time consumption than previous method.

In this paper, we consider simultaneously energy consumption and resource synchronization in mixed-criticality (MC) single processor systems. First, we give a feasibility analysis of single processor systems that execute real-time MC tasks. Second, an energy efficient speed based on sufficient feasibility condition is computed. In addition, we propose a single speed energy efficient algorithm for MC tasks with shared resources (ASS). The ASS algorithm scheduling tasks with S L O is too conservative with much room to save more energy. For energy efficiency, dual speeds scheduling algorithm (DSS) based on ASS algorithm is proposed. It schedules tasks at S L O with blocking and S L O ′ without blocking. Blocking means that the higher priority tasks cannot preempt the execution of current low-priority tasks because low-priority tasks occupy the shared resources required for the higher priority tasks. Moreover, we prove that the DSS algorithm is feasible. Finally, the real-life synthetic application and extensive simulation are applied to validate the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the DSS algorithm can reduce energy consumption up to 11.82% compared with the existing approaches.

In order to reduce the time and space complexity of operational modal analysis (OMA) for slow linear time-varying (SLTV) structures based on moving window principal component analysis (MWPCA), this paper proposes a new moving window self-iteration principal component extraction (MWSIPCE) method. Different from getting principal components by singular value decomposition (SVD) or eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) in MWPCA algorithm, MWSIPCE just extracts the first-several-orders principal components by self-iteration. Comparing with MWPCA, MWSIPCE has lower time and space complexity. What’s more, this paper explains the reason of modal exchange in some data windows in detail, and gives an illustration to how to set window length L. The OMA results on non-stationary vibration response simulation signal of time-varying cantilever beam under white noise excitation show that this method can well identify the time-varying transient modal parameters (natural frequencies and modal shapes) for SLTV structures and has less time and space consume, the algorithm is also more precise than MWPCA.

Most complex engineering structures are three-dimensional in practice. The process of one-dimensional extending to three-dimensional is a challenge that must be conquered by Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) methods when these methods are applied to complex engineering applications supported by scientific researches. This study put forward a new three-dimensional structure OMA method based on Second-Order Blind Identification (SOBI) and general reversion of least square. Firstly, modal coordinates decomposition of one-dimensional structural vibration response signal with SOBI. Secondly, the reasons that modal parameters identified by SOBI including energy uncertainty, order uncertainty and modal missing are explained in theory. Thirdly, the SOBI algorithm is used to decompose the response signals of displacement of a direction whose vibration response is the largest, then the other two directions are calculated by using the least square generalized inverse algorithm, and the modal parameters of three-dimensional structures are identified by the matrix assembly method. Numerical simulation results in a cylindrical shell demonstrated that this novel method is practical and effective by applied to practice in OMA of three-dimensional structures, and robustness to Gauss measurement noise disturbances.

Purpose With no existing gold standard for comparison, challenges arise for establishing the validity of a new standardized Mandarin language assessment normed in mainland China. Method A new assessment, Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin (DREAM), was normed with a stratified sample of 969 children ages 2;6 (years;months) to 7;11 in multiple urban and nonurban regions in northern and southern China. In this study of 230 children, the sensitivity and specificity of DREAM were examined against an a priori judgment of disorders. External validity was assessed using 2 indices of language production for different age groups. Results External validity was assessed against spontaneous language indices (correlation range: r = .6–.7; all p s < .01) and narrative indices (overall: r = .45, p < .01). Sensitivity (.73) and specificity (.82) of DREAM are moderate to good using a priori judgment as the standard. The values improved to .95 and .82 when spontaneous language and narratives were added to a priori judgment to define typicality. Divergent validity was moderate with nonlinguistic indices. Conclusion DREAM holds promise as a diagnostic test of Mandarin language impairment for children aged 2;6 to 7;11.

WeChat is widely used by college students，many of whom are very eager to take participation in learning activities based on intelligent terminals. This paper survey the application of LEA, an English learning WeChat developed and operated by Xi’an University of Technology. The modules in LEA are reviewed and some improvements are advanced. The result shows that it is very suitable for college students to carry out English learning activities, and the application of WeChat in college English teaching is of great significance.

With the internet-economic period comes, cross-border e-commerce as a new international trading way developed quickly in China, which is highly concerned and supported by governments and enterprises. Cross-border e-commerce is important to trading-oriented SMEs and cover for its capital, brand, channel, cost and other weaknesses. It is helpful to the transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized trading companies in China. This paper will analyses the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce and difficulties which small and medium-sized trading enterprises are facing to, moreover, through discuss the role of cross-border e-commerce in the development of small and medium-sized trading enterprises, providing ideas for the transformation of SMEs.

Neural network ensemble (NNE) is a simple and effective method to deal with incomplete data for classification. However, with the increase in the number of missing values, the number of incomplete feature combinations (feature subsets) grown rapidly which makes the NNE method very time-consuming and the accuracy is also need to be improved. In this paper, we propose a selective neural network ensemble (SNNE) classification for incomplete data. The SNNE first obtains all the available feature subsets of the incomplete dataset and then applies mutual information to measure the importance (relevance) degree of each feature subset. After that, an optimization process is applied to remove the feature subsets by satisfying the following condition: there is at least a feature subset contained in the removed feature subset and the difference of their importance degree is smaller than a given threshold δ. Finally, the rest of the feature subsets were used to train a group of neural networks and the classification for a given sample is decided by weighted majority voting of all available components in the ensemble. Experimental results show that δ = 0.05 is reasonable in our study. It can improve the efficiency of the algorithm without loss the algorithm accuracy. Experiments also show that SNNE outperforms the NNE-based algorithms compared. In addition, it can greatly reduce the running time when dealing with datasets with larger number of missing values.

This paper first analyzes credit assessment of cross-border E-commerce platform suppliers based on big data from two aspects: credit evaluation index system and credit evaluation model. On this basis, this paper summarizes the recommendations of supplier credit assessment for cross-border E-commerce platform based on big data, in order to provide reference for the work of supplier credit assessment for cross-border E-commerce platform from the perspective of big data, hoping that this study can help promote the cross-border E-commerce platform construction and cross-border E-commerce industry development.

Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains has increased the difficulty of treating this disease. Among the novel antituberculosis drugs in the pipeline, decaprenylphosphoryl-beta- d -ribose-2-epimerase (DprE1) inhibitors such as BTZ043 and pBTZ169 exhibited extraordinary antituberculosis potency. Here, the metabolites of the new DprE1 inhibitor SKLB-TB1001 in vivo and its inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoforms and plasma protein binding (PPB) in vitro were studied. The results showed that rapid transformation and high PPB resulted in inadequate exposure in vivo and thus led to the moderate potency of SKLB-TB1001 in vivo . This study provided explanations for the discrepant potency of this scaffold in vivo and in vitro . Meanwhile, it also provides a rationale for lead optimization of this very promising scaffold of antituberculosis agents to prevent them from being metabolized, thus improving their exposure in vivo .