Search

After being banned from using many important foreign industrial software, China promotes the development of domestic industrial software as a national strategic goal. There are many literatures analyzing the promotion effect of policy on technological innovation of China’s industrial software, but there is still a gap in the research on the effect of financial structure. Taking Empyrean Technology Company as an example, this paper analyzes the effect of financing structure on technological innovation in company’s different development periods. In entrepreneurship stage, the company’s technological innovation is mainly driven by internal financing and government subsidy. In growth stage, equity financing plays a greater role in promoting technological innovation than debt financing. Therefore, the study suggests China’s industrial software enterprises to actively apply for government subsidies in entrepreneurship stage and to explore equity financing channels in growth stage. Chinese central government can encourage more venture capital to be invested in industrial software industry by improving equity exit mechanism.

Background The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, developed from repeated inbreeding of glucose-intolerant Wistar rats, has been widely used to explore the development of spontaneous type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the gastric microbiota of GK and Wistar rats are still unclear. This study aimed to understand the gastric microbiota characteristics of GK rats by comparing it with non-diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats and GK rats were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment for 12 weeks with free access to sterilized food and water. Body weight and random blood glucose (BG) levels were determined. At the end of the experiment, the gastric contents of the rats were collected for the identification of gastric microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The richness of gastric microbiota in GK rats was similar to that of Wistar rats (P > 0.05). The results of Shannon, Simpson, beta diversity indices, and ANOSIM analysis showed that alpha and beta diversity of gastric microbiota in GK rats were significantly lower than that of Wistar rats (P < 0.01). Firmicutes (96.0%), Proteobacteria (1.9%) and Cyanobacteria (0.8%) were the dominant gastric microbiota in GK rats accounting for 72.9%, 14.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that phylum Firmicutes and four genera (Anaerovibrio, Collinsella, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, and Lactobacillus) were significantly abundant in the stomachs of GK rats. In contrast, seven genera (unidentified_Chloroplast, Porphyromonas, Neisseria, Rubrobacter, Veillonella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_005, and unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae) were significantly abundant in the stomachs of Wistar rats. Blood glucose was positively correlated with Anaerobibrio and Lactobacillus, and negatively correlated with four genera (Porphyromonas, Rubrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_005, and unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae). In addition, chemoheterotrophy and fermentation were the most important functions of gastric microbiota. Conclusion The gastric microbiota of GK rats with spontaneous T2DM showed the typical characteristics of low diversity and significant enrichment of Firmicutes phylum and four genera (Anaerovibrio, Collinsella, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, and Lactobacillus) compared with gastric microbiota of Wistar rats.

We investigate quantum inspired algorithms to compute physical observables of quantum many-body systems at finite energies. They are based on the quantum algorithms proposed in [Lu et al. PRX Quantum 2, 020321 (2021)], which use the quantum simulation of the dynamics of such systems, as well as classical filtering and sampling techniques. Here, we replace the quantum simulation by standard classical methods based on matrix product states and operators. As a result, we can address significantly larger systems than those reachable by exact diagonalization or by other algorithms. We demonstrate the performance with spin chains up to 80 sites.

Background The mechanism of early enteral nutrition on intestinal mucosal barrier is still not fully understood and the direct evidence to demonstrate the protective effects of early enteral nutrition against remote organs injury induced by severe acute pancreatitis is lacking. Methods Rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1) only flip pancreas and free diet (n = 8); 2) severe acute pancreatitis and total parenteral nutrition (n = 15); 3) severe acute pancreatitis and early enteral nutrition (n = 15). Severe acute pancreatitis was induced by the retrograde injection of pancreaticobiliary duct with sodium taurocholate. Nutritional supplementation was administered starting 12 hours after induction of pancreatitis. The samples were obtained after the treatment of nutrition 72 hours. Results The mortality was not significant difference between the experimental groups. The pathology of ileum and the content of serum diamine oxidase were significantly lower in early enteral nutrition group than total parenteral nutrition group. The expression of tight junction ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 proteins and the intraepithelial CD8+ and TCRγδ+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in early enteral nutrition group than total parenteral nutrition group. The content of the serum amylase and endotoxin were significantly lower in early enteral nutrition group than total parenteral nutrition group. There was a tendency of decreased pancreas and lung pathology scores in early enteral nutrition group, but the difference between total parenteral nutrition and early enteral nutrition groups was not significant. Conclusion The early enteral nutrition could significantly improve the expression of the tight junctions and intraepithelial lymphocytes, accompanied by improved intestinal mucosal barrier and endotoxin, but failed to the pancreas and lung injury compared to total parenteral nutrition in the rat model of severe acute pancreatitis.

It is a challenging task to handle the vector field visualization at local critical points. Generally, topological based methods firstly divide critical regions into different categories, and then process the different types of critical regions to improve the effect, which pipeline is complex. In the paper, a learning based multi-task super resolution (SR) method is proposed to improve the refinement of vector field, and enhance the visualization effect, especially at the critical region. In detail, the multi-task model consists of two important designs on task branches: one task is to simulate the interpolation of discrete vector fields based on an improved super-resolution network; and the other is a classification task to identify the types of critical vector fields. It is an efficient end-to-end architecture for both training and inferencing stages, which simplifies the pipeline of critical vector field visualization and improves the visualization effect. In experiment, we compare our method with both traditional interpolation and pure SR network on both simulation data and real data, and the reported results indicate our method lower the error and improve PSNR significantly.

In this study, a 2 at.% erbium doped cerium trifluoride (Er:CeF3) single crystal was grown using the Bridgman method. The consequent absorption, infrared transmittance, and fluorescence spectra were recorded. The spectroscopic properties of Er:CeF3 crystals were intensively studied based on the Judd–Ofelt (J–O) theory. The Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 parameters were fitted to be 5.206×10−20, 1.805×10−20, and 3.06×10−20 cm2, respectively. The emission cross-section centered at 1564.6 nm was calculated to be 1.053×10−20 cm2, and the corresponding fluorescence lifetime was measured to be 1.675 ms. Additionally, the magneto-optical (MO) performance of the Er:CeF3 crystal was investigated for the first time. The Verdet constants of Er:CeF3 at 532, 632.8, 1064, and 1310 nm are 231.0, 165.4, 43.4, and 24.4 rad·T−1·m−1, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of pure CeF3 and traditional Tb3Ga5O12. The results show that the Er:CeF3 crystal can be applied both to solid-state lasers and Faraday devices.

Background The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, developed from repeated inbreeding of glucose-intolerant Wistar rats, has been widely used to explore the development of spontaneous type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the gastric microbiota of GK and Wistar rats are still unclear. This study aimed to understand the gastric microbiota characteristics of GK rats by comparing it with non-diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats and GK rats were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment for 12 weeks with free access to sterilized food and water. Body weight and random blood glucose (BG) levels were determined. At the end of the experiment, the gastric contents of the rats were collected for the identification of gastric microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The richness of gastric microbiota in GK rats was similar to that of Wistar rats (P > 0.05). The results of Shannon, Simpson, beta diversity indices, and ANOSIM analysis showed that alpha and beta diversity of gastric microbiota in GK rats were significantly lower than that of Wistar rats (P < 0.01). Firmicutes (96.0%), Proteobacteria (1.9%) and Cyanobacteria (0.8%) were the dominant gastric microbiota in GK rats accounting for 72.9%, 14.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that phylum Firmicutes and four genera (Anaerovibrio, Collinsella, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, and Lactobacillus) were significantly abundant in the stomachs of GK rats. In contrast, seven genera (unidentified_Chloroplast, Porphyromonas, Neisseria, Rubrobacter, Veillonella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_005, and unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae) were significantly abundant in the stomachs of Wistar rats. Blood glucose was positively correlated with Anaerobibrio and Lactobacillus, and negatively correlated with four genera (Porphyromonas, Rubrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_005, and unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae). In addition, chemoheterotrophy and fermentation were the most important functions of gastric microbiota. Conclusion The gastric microbiota of GK rats with spontaneous T2DM showed the typical characteristics of low diversity and significant enrichment of Firmicutes phylum and four genera (Anaerovibrio, Collinsella, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, and Lactobacillus) compared with gastric microbiota of Wistar rats.

NdB6 can effectively react with the surface titanium oxide films to form an initial NdBO3 layer at about 670 °C, just prior to their dissolution. Two thirds of all the oxygen scavenged during sintering occurred in the α-Ti phase region through this reaction. NdBO3 layer continues to grow by diffusion of oxygen until 1130 °C, beyond which NdBO3 decomposes into Nd2O3 dispersoids and Nd2O3 further reacts with chlorine to form NdClxOy. The unique oxygen-scavenging process prior to the active dissolution of oxide film makes NdB6 more effective in scavenging oxygen than other rare earth hydrides, resulting in better tensile elongation. The addition of NdB6 also leads to the improved sintered density, substantial microstructural refinement and dispersion strengthening by Nd-containing compounds and TiB. The optimal addition level of NdB6 is 0.3 wt.%, beyond which large Nd2O3 aggregates and an increased number of TiB whiskers were formed. This is detrimental to the ductility.

Insects and hummingbirds exhibit extraordinary flight capabilities and can simultaneously master seemingly conflicting goals: stable hovering and aggressive maneuvering, unmatched by small scale man-made vehicles. Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs) hold great promise for closing this performance gap. However, design and control of such systems remain challenging due to various constraints. Here, we present an open source high fidelity dynamic simulation for FWMAVs to serve as a testbed for the design, optimization and flight control of FWMAVs. For simulation validation, we recreated the hummingbird-scale robot developed in our lab in the simulation. System identification was performed to obtain the model parameters. The force generation, open-loop and closed-loop dynamic response between simulated and experimental flights were compared and validated. The unsteady aerodynamics and the highly nonlinear flight dynamics present challenging control problems for conventional and learning control algorithms such as Reinforcement Learning. The interface of the simulation is fully compatible with OpenAI Gym environment. As a benchmark study, we present a linear controller for hovering stabilization and a Deep Reinforcement Learning control policy for goal-directed maneuvering. Finally, we demonstrate direct simulation-to-real transfer of both control policies onto the physical robot, further demonstrating the fidelity of the simulation., The code is available at (https://github.com/purdue-biorobotics/flappy). 6 pages, 10 figure, accepted at ICRA 2019

Residual infrared absorption is a key problem affecting the laser emission efficiency of Ti:sapphire crystal. In this paper, the origin of residual infrared absorption of Ti:sapphire crystal is systematically studied by using the first principles method. According to the contact conditions of O octahedron in the crystal structure of Al 2 O 3 , four Ti 3 + − Ti 3 + ion pair models and three Ti 4 + − Ti 3 + ion pair models were defined and constructed. For what we believe is the first time, the near-infrared absorption spectra consistent with the experimental results were obtained in specific theoretical models. The electronic structures, absorption spectra, and charge distributions calculated show that the line-contact Ti 3 + − Ti 3 + ion pair with antiferromagnetic coupling and the face-contact Ti 4 + − Ti 3 + ion pair are two main contributors to the residual infrared absorption of Ti:sapphire, while some other ion pair models provide a basis to explain more complex residual infrared absorption.

is responsible for introducing research, attracting readers and other multiple functions, and has its own unique characteristics of discourse construction. Through objective analysis of the characteristics of discourse construction in abstracts published by Chinese and foreign scholars in international English journals, the accuracy of the expression of the articles can be increased. The author builds his own corpus and makes a contrastive analysis of the frequency, types and distribution of fuzzy restrictive language in each step of English abstracts in Chinese and foreign journals, and summarizes the unique short language types and textual functions of each step. The results show that the distribution trend of hedges in the fourth step of English abstracts in Chinese and foreign journals is generally the same, but there are significant differences in the types of use and the frequency of occurrence. Therefore, in English abstract writing, Chinese authors should properly use various types of rhetorical devices to enhance the diversity of language expression, so as to better obtain the recognition of readers.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: Whether to conduct enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) during the active phase of intestinal stress or to feed during remission remains controversial. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enteral nutrition within 48 hours after admission in the patients with SAP or predicted severe acute pancreatitis (pSAP). Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library before December 2017. Randomized controlled trials of early enteral nutrition (starting within 48 hours after admission) versus late enteral nutrition or total parental nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis or predicted severe acute pancreatitis were selected. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials containing 1051 patients were included. Comparing early enteral nutrition to late enteral nutrition or total parental nutrition in SAP or pSAP, the pooled risk ratios were 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.81, P = .003) for mortality, 0.58 (95% CI 0.43–0.77, P = .0002) for multiple organ failure (MOF), 0.50 (95% CI 0.33–0.75, P = .0008) for operative intervention, 0.75 (95% CI 0.61–0.93, P = .009) for systemic infection, 0.42 (95% CI 0.26–0.69, P = .0005) for local septic complications, 0.84 (95% CI 0.74–0.96, P = .01) for gastrointestinal symptoms. 0.87 (95% CI 0.74–1.02, P = .08) for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and 1.24 (95% CI 0.66–2.31, P = .50) for other local complications. Conclusions: Enteral nutrition within 48 hours after admission is efficient and safe for the patients with SAP or pSAP.

Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine whether Dai-Huang-Fu-Zi-Tang (DHFZT) could regulate mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells for alleviating intestinal injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods. A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (sham group, SAP group, and DHFZT group,n=24per group). The rats in each group were divided into 4 subgroups (n=6per subgroup) accordingly at 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after the operation. The contents of serum amylase, D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase activity, and degree of MPTP were measured by dry chemical method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The change of mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results. The present study showed that DHFZT inhibited the openness of MPTP at 3, 6, and 12 h after the operation. Meanwhile, it reduced the contents of serum D-lactic acid and activity of diamine oxidase activity and also drastically relieved histopathological manifestations and epithelial cells injury of intestine.Conclusion. DHFZT alleviates intestinal injury associated SAP via reducing the openness of MPTP. In addition, DHFZT could also decrease the content of serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid after SAP.