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Abstract The temperature measurement of material inside of an object is one of the key technologies for control of dynamical processes. For this purpose, various techniques such as laser-based thermography and phase-contrast imaging thermography have been studied. However, it is, in principle, impossible to measure the temperature of an element inside of an object using these techniques. One of the possible solutions is measurements of Doppler brooding effect in neutron resonance absorption (NRA). Here we present a method to measure the temperature of an element or an isotope inside of an object using NRA with a single neutron pulse of approximately 100 ns width provided from a high-power laser. We demonstrate temperature measurements of a tantalum (Ta) metallic foil heated from the room temperature up to 617 K. Although the neutron energy resolution is fluctuated from shot to shot, we obtain the temperature dependence of resonance Doppler broadening using a reference of a silver (Ag) foil kept to the room temperature. A free gas model well reproduces the results. This method enables element(isotope)-sensitive thermometry to detect the instantaneous temperature rise in dynamical processes.

Abstract Background We aimed to aid the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents by determining the timing of secondary bacteremia and validating and updating clinical prediction models for bacteremia in patients with COVID‐19. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study on all hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who underwent blood culture tests from January 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021, at an urban teaching hospital in Japan. The primary outcome measure was secondary bacteremia in patients with COVID‐19. Results Of the 507 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 169 underwent blood culture tests. Eleven of them had secondary bacteremia. The majority of secondary bacteremia occurred on or later than the 9th day after symptom onset. Positive blood culture samples collected on day 9 or later after disease onset had an odds ratio of 22.4 (95% CI 2.76–181.2, p

Chemistry students still have low levels of scientific literacy, although in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the transition to Society 5.0, students need these skills. An alternative for raising students' scientific literacy and character is the Culturally Wetland Responsive Teaching (CWRT) approach. This developmental research tested the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of e-modules based on CWRT for the colligative properties of solutions. The ADDIE development model was used for the research method. Both test and non-test instruments were used for data collection. The e-module was tested on 23 students from grades A1 and A2 in the Chemistry Education Study Program at a public university in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The analysis showed that the e-modules were highly valid regarding content, presentation, language, and media feasibility. They were also highly practical in individual and small group tests, limited trials, and assessing lecturers' ability to use e-modules and manage classes. The modules were effective, as evidenced by the N-gain value of science literacy competence and the wasaka character of students in the high category. The results suggest that e-modules based on Culturally Wetland Responsive Teaching are valid, practical, and effective for teaching the colligative properties of solutions.

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to liver cirrhosis. Barley bran has potential bioactivities due to its high content of functional substances, such as anthocyanins, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Here, we investigated whether barley bran polyphenol-rich extracts (BP) can prevent NASH in Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet including 1.25% or 2.5% cholesterol for 9 weeks. In the rat model of NASH with advanced hepatic fibrosis, BP prevented NASH development by ameliorating the histopathological findings of lobular inflammation. The BP also tended to attenuate serum aspartate aminotransferase level in this model. In the rat model of NASH with mild-to-moderate hepatic fibrosis, BP tended to attenuate the serum levels of transaminases. BP-dose-dependent effects were revealed for several parameters, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β, and manganese superoxide dismutase gene expressions in the liver. These results suggest that BP may prevent NASH development or progression, presumably due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.

Abstract We aimed to investigate whether ventilator support time influences the occurrence of dysphagia in pediatric trauma patients. This case-series study was conducted in a single pediatric emergency and critical care center from April 2012 to March 2022. Trauma patients aged

Cultivating vegetables in the hydroponic system is often exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses. The use of suitable plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that can alleviate the impact of biotic stress is urgently needed. This study aims to evaluate the role of Universitas Brawijaya educational forest (UB Forest) indigenous PGPB strains on the induction of plant resistance against plant pests or diseases and the promotion of lettuce growth in a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. This study used a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that the PGPB strain inoculation reduced plant damage caused by thrips, induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme accumulation in planta, and increased the growth and photosynthetic pigments of lettuce. However, the treatments had no effect on increasing total phenolic compounds. Pseudomonas lundensis UB-53 and Pseudomonas migulae UB-54 inoculations exhibited higher activity in suppressing plant damage caused by thrips, inducing enzymes related to plant defense, and increasing lettuce growth. Two PGPB strains, i.e. P. migulae UB-54 and P. lundensis UB-53, have a high potential to be developed as eco-friendly biocontrol agents to overcome biotic stress and boost lettuce crop growth in NFT hydroponic systems.

Oryctes rhinoceros is an important pest of various coconut and palm species. Studies on the bacterial gut microbiome of O. rhinoceros larvae and their potential use as producers of industrial enzymes are still limited. This study aims to examine the diversity and abundance of culturable bacterial microbiome in the gut of O. rhinoceros and their potential to produce protease and lipase. This study consisted of several stages, i.e., collection of O. rhinoceros larvae from coconut plantations; isolation of culturable bacteria from larval gut; protease and lipase enzyme activity assays; and partial characterization of culturable gut bacteria in terms of morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. There were seven bacteria that were isolated from the gut of O. rhinoceros, which were differentiated by their morphotype. The seven bacterial isolates also showed variations in physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and the larval guts were dominated by Gram-positive bacteria. The Shannon diversity index was 1.33, evenness was 0.682, richness was 7, and the abundance of each type of bacteria varied between 2x105 and 9.1x1010. Bacteria UBOG1, UBOG3, and UBOG5 were able to produce protease, but all seven bacteria were unable to produce lipase. Thus, bacterial isolates UBOG1, UBOG3, and UBOG5 are potential to be used in industry.

Bark and ambrosia beetles are commonly found in forest ecosystems, and their fungal symbionts act as plant pathogens. Accurate information on the presence and population levels of bark and ambrosia beetles is becoming an increasingly crucial to protect the forest ecosystem. This study compared multiple-funnel and bottle traps to monitor the bark and ambrosia beetles in two types of mahogany forest. Multiple-funnel and bottle traps were made from transparent polyethylene terephthalate bottles and baited with 95% ethanol. Two different mahogany forest management (monoculture and polyculture with coffee plants) were used in this study. A total of 2,367 bark and ambrosia beetle specimens were trapped in this study. This research recorded ten genera of Scolytinae and one Platypodinae genus. Xyleborus spp., X. crassiusculus, and P. cavipennis are three predominated ambrosia beetles collected in mahogany monoculture and polyculture. Euplatypus parallelus was identified as a representative of Platypodinae. Results showed that multiple-funnel traps baited with ethanol are effective to catch individuals and several species of bark and ambrosia beetles in mahogany forests. The choice of multiple-funnel or bottle traps is an important consideration in trap-based programs for monitoring or detecting invasive species in forest ecosystems.

This study aims to develop an ethnoscience-based organic chemistry practicum e-Module, determine the feasibility of the developed e-Module, and test its effectiveness in improving the problem-solving abilities of Chemistry Education students. The development procedure in this research is adapted from Thiagarajan (4D), which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The e-Module trial involved Chemistry Education students at Lambung Mangkurat University, consisting of five people for individual trials, 10 for small group trials, and 19 for field trials. Data was collected using response questionnaires and learning achievement tests. The feasibility test shows that the e-Module is in the very good category based on the assessment of media experts (88%), material experts (90%), and Education experts (89%). Student responses to using e-Modules were also very positive. There is a significant difference between the student's pretest and post-test after using the e-Module with sig

Abstract Background Resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) is potentially resectable on admission, and the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on these tumors is controversial. Moreover, the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with moderately hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (NACIMRT) for RPC have not been studied. Here, we conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated NACIMRT for RPC. Methods A total of 54 RPC patients were enrolled and treated according to the study protocol. We used moderately hypofractionated (45 Gy in 15 fractions) IMRT with gemcitabine to shorten the duration of radiotherapy and reduce gastrointestinal toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and we subsequently analyzed the microscopically margin‐negative resection (R0) rate, disease‐free survival (DFS), and histologic effects and safety of NACIMRT. Results Median OS for the cohort was 40.0 months. Forty‐two patients (77.8%) underwent pancreatectomy after NACIMRT. Median DFS was 20.3 months. The R0 resection rate was 95.2% (40/42) per protocol and 85.2% (46/54) for the cohort. There were no intervention‐related deaths during the study period. Local treatment response, as assessed by the CAP classification, showed no residual tumor in 4.8% of patients. Overall, 23.9% of patients experienced CTCAE grade 3 or 4 during NACIMRT. Adjuvant therapy was initiated in 88% of patients undergoing resection. Postoperative complications grade ≥3b on the Clavien–Dindo scale occurred in 4.8% of patients. CA19‐9 level at enrollment was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. Conclusions This is the first prospective study of hypofractionated IMRT as neoadjuvant therapy for RPC. Hypofractionated NACIMRT for RPC could be safely introduced with a high induction rate of adjuvant chemotherapy, with an overall survival of 40.0 months.

Abstract Background The Cockcroft–Gault formula is commonly used as a substitute for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Calvert's formula for carboplatin dosing, where adjusting serum creatinine measured using the enzymatic method with 0.2 mg/dL has been suggested in Japan. However, the effects of these adjustments on efficacy in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer remain unknown. Methods We conducted a post hoc analysis of the PREDICT1 study (CJLSG1201), a multicenter prospective observational trial of carboplatin–pemetrexed. Glomerular filtration rate values in Calvert's formula were back‐calculated from the administered dosages of carboplatin and the reported value of the target area under the curve. We estimated the serum creatinine adjustments and divided the patients into crude and adjusted groups. Results Patients in the crude group (N = 169) demonstrated similar efficacy to those in the adjusted group (N = 104) in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.35; p = 0.916 vs. HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.65–1.17; p = 0.363), with higher grade 3–4 hematologic toxicity. Among patients aged ≥75 years, the crude group (N = 47) showed superior efficacy compared with the adjusted group (N = 17) in PFS and OS (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.69; p = 0.002 vs. HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23–0.82; p = 0.010). Conclusions Serum creatinine adjustment may be associated with similar efficacy compared to the crude serum creatinine value. In older patients, the adjustment should be cautiously applied owing to the potential for reduced efficacy.

Background ＆ aims: Optimizing treatments balancing prognosis and therapeutic invasiveness is important in the management of pancreatic cancer (PC) owing to global ageing. This study aimed to verify the different utility of biomarkers by patients’ age. Materials ＆ methods: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort analysis involving 160 patients who undertook pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PC. After comparing clinicopathological factors and survival after PD between aged (≥70 y/o) and young (＜70 y/o) patients, we compared neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), controlling nutrition (CONUT) score, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9 as well as clinicopathological factors between long and short survivors in each group. We also performed Kaplan-Meyer analysis between patients stratified by biomarkers. Results: Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in aged patients (p = 0.002). In aged patients, CEA was significantly higher in short survivors. In young patients, CONUT score and CA19-9 were higher in short survivors. Kaplan-Meyer analysis showed that NLR and CEA stratified OS in aged patients, whereas CONUT score and CA19-9 could stratify OS in young patients. Conclusion: Our current results suggest that these biomarkers had different impact on survivals according to the patients’ age.

To discuss and consider the necessary conditions for magnetic-wheeled robots with planetary-geared magnetic wheels, this paper provides comparing static calculations about three orientations in running a flange with real experiments. SCPREM-I, a magnetic-wheeled robot, was developed for running through a flange from the bottom to the top. This robot has four magnetic wheels with a built-in planetary gearset. In experiments, however, the robot sometimes fails to run through a flange in three orientations. In this study, we statically analyze SCPREM-I to find the conditions necessary for running through the flange. We calculate the forces around the front and rear wheels in the three orientations. As a result, it has been found that the chassis of the SCPREM-I applies a forward force to the wheels when it runs through the flange. In addition, it has been found that the normal force of the A-Legs is balancing with the driving force of the wheels when the SCPREM-I fails to run through the flange.

This study aimed to examine minimodeling-based bone formation between the epiphyses and metaphyses of the long bones of eldecalcitol (ELD)-administered ovariectomized rats. Sixteen-week-old female rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated rats receiving vehicle (Sham group), ovariectomized (OVX) rats receiving vehicle (Vehicle group), or ELDs (30 or 90 ng/kg BW, respectively; ELD30 and ELD90 groups). ELD administration increased bone volume and trabecular thickness, reducing the number of osteoclasts in both the epiphyses and metaphyses of OVX rats. The Sham and Vehicle groups exhibited mainly remodeling-based bone formation in both regions. The epiphyses of the ELD groups showed a significantly higher frequency of minimodeling-based bone formation than remodeling-based bone formation. In contrast, the metaphyses exhibited significantly more minimodeling-based bone formation in the ELD90 group compared with the ELD30 group. However, there was no significant difference between minimodeling-based bone formation and remodeling-based bone formation in the ELD90 group. While the minimodeling-induced new bone contained few sclerostin-immunoreactive osteocytes, the underlying pre-existing bone harbored many. The percentage of sclerostin-positive osteocytes was significantly reduced in the minimodeling-induced bone in the epiphyses but not in the metaphyses of the ELD groups. Thus, it seems likely that ELD could induce minimodeling-based bone formation in the epiphyses rather than in the metaphyses, and that ELD-driven minimodeling may be associated with the inhibition of sclerostin synthesis.

Oryctes rhinoceros merupakan serangga fitofag dan telah dilaporkan sebagai hama di beberapa negara. Larva O. rinocheros makan pada bahan organik (bagian tanaman yang membusuk) dan tidak menyebabkan kerusakan ekonomi. Seperti pada kebanyakan serangga, O. rhinoceros berinteraksi dengan mikroorganisme pada sistem pencernaanya. Selain itu, mikroorganisme dalam saluran pencernaan serangga juga merupakan sumber daya alam yang bermanfaat untuk kepentingan manusia, seperti enzim-enzim yang memiliki arti penting dalam bidang industri dan digunakan sebagai agens bioremediator untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mempelajari keanekaragaman khamir dalam saluran pencernaan larva O. rhinoceros. Pada studi ini, khamir diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan instar tiga O. rhinoceros dan ditumbuhkan pada media Yeast Malt Agar (YMA). Berdasarkan ciri makroskopis dan mikroskopis, 7 isolat khamir yang diperoleh teridentifikasi sebagai Candida sp. (isolat K1 dan K4), Pichia sp. (isolat K3), dan Debaromyces sp.(K2, K5, K6 dan K7).

Penggunaan teknologi dalam Pendidikan menjadi sebuah kebutuhan yang tak terhindarkan pada era digital ini. Artikel ini membahas pelaksanaan pelatihan bagi dosen FKIP Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN) dalam penerapan Learning Management System (LMS). Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan dosen dalam memanfaatkan LMS sebagai sarana untuk mengelola materi pembelajaran, menyajikan materi secara interaktif, serta memfasilitasi komunikasi antara dosen dan mahasiswa. Metode pelatihan mencakup sesi pelatihan praktis, studi kasus, dan diskusi kelompok. Evaluasi hasil pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan dosen terkait pemanfaatan LMS. Para peserta pelatihan menunjukkan kemajuan dalam mengelola kursus, memanfaatkan fitur interaktif LMS, dan meningkatkan komunikasi dengan mahasiswa. Pelatihan ini tidak hanya berhasil dalam mencapai tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dosen terkait LMS, tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap kualitas pengajaran dan interaksi antara dosen dan mahasiswa. Kesimpulannya, integrasi LMS melalui pelatihan ini dapat dianggap sebagai Langkah strategis dalam memenuhi tuntutan Pendidikan di era digital.

Abstract Various liquid biopsy methods have been developed for the non-invasive and early detection of diseases. In particular, the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in blood has been receiving a great deal of attention. We have been developing systems and materials to facilitate such liquid biopsies. In this study, we further developed glass filters (with various patterns of holes, pitches, and non-adhesive coating) that can capture CTCs, but not white blood cells. We optimized the glass filters to capture CTCs, and demonstrated that they could be used to detect CTCs from lung cancer patients. We also used the optimized glass filters for detecting CAFs. Additionally, we further developed a system for visualizing the captured cells on the glass filters. Finally, we demonstrated that we could directly culture the captured cells on the glass filters. Based on these results, our high-performance glass filters appear to be useful for capturing and culturing CTCs and CAFs for further examinations.

The problem in this study is the low activity and student learning outcomes in learning natural sciences. The INTERNAL model integrates Inquiry, Number Head Together, and snowball throwing. This study uses a qualitative approach and the type of classroom action research (CAR), which was held for four meetings. Data analysis in the form of teacher activity sheets, student activity sheets, and student learning outcomes sheets. Data collection techniques in the form of observation and writing tests. The study subjects were the fifth-grade students of SDN Swato 2 Tapin for the academic year 2021/2022, a total of 32 students. The activity success indicator scores 58-72, and student learning outcomes with minimum standards 80%. The study results indicate that the teacher's activity at the first meeting scored 54 with the "Good" criteria, increasing at the fourth meeting with a score of 74 with the "Verry Good" criteria. Student activity classically at the first meeting reached 25" on the "Very Active" criteria, increased at the fourth meeting to 83,3% with the "Very Activity" criteria. Student learning outcomes at the first meeting with 50% classical completeness increased at the fourth meeting with 100% classical completeness. It can be concluded that applying the internal learning model can improve student activities and learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between the exchange rate and export value in Indonesia using time series data from 1997 to 2020. The analytical method that will be used in this research is the Granger Causality Test approach. The instruments used are the data normality test, the stationary test, the optimal lag test, and the Granger causality test. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it shows that from the output of the cointegration test in table 4.3 above, the trace statistic is 9.016078, which is smaller than the critical value (5%), which is 15.49471, and Prob. 0.3639 is less than 5 percent, whereas for the output of the Granger causality test above, at lag 1, it is known that the probability value (Prob.) of the relationship between export value and exchange rate is 0.4953; this result is greater than the significance level of 5 percent, so that from the output of the From these results, it can be concluded that there is no causal relationship between export values and exchange rates. So it can be concluded that if the exchange rate depreciates against foreign currencies, the export value will increase because Indonesia's export commodities compete in international markets, but on the contrary, it will reduce. In addition, based on observations and causality analysis from the results of data processing, it shows that there has been a one-way relationship between the exchange rate and the export value, meaning that the exchange rate will affect the export value but will, on the contrary, affect the export value. According to the results of the Granger Causality Test, the export value has no effect on the exchange rate.

The advance of laser-driven neutron sources (LDNSs) has enabled neutron resonance spectroscopy to be performed with a single shot of a laser. In this study, we describe a detection system of epithermal (∼eV) neutrons especially designed for neutron resonance spectroscopy. A time-gated photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a high cut-off ratio was introduced for epithermal neutron detection in a high-power laser experiment at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. We successfully reduced the PMT response to the intense hard X-ray generated as a result of the interaction between laser light and the target material. A time-gated circuit was designed to turn off the response of the PMT during the laser pulse and resume recording the signal when neutrons arrive. The time-gated PMT was coupled with a 6Li glass scintillator, serving as a time-of-flight (TOF) detector to measure the neutron resonance absorption values of 182W and 109Ag in a laser-driven epithermal neutron generation experiment. The neutron resonance peaks at 4.15 eV of 182W and 5.19 eV of 109Ag were detected after a single pulse of laser at a distance of 1.07 m.

Infant/toddler food (ITF) contamination with As is a severe issue of concern due to the fact that food is the second leading source of As after drinking water in the aspect of toxicity induced by nutrition. This study aimed to perform a preliminary assessment of As contamination in commercially available ITF in Libya, thus revealing possible exposure of consumers to As. ITF samples were purchased at supermarkets and were divided as follows: i) ITF containing cereal mixture (ITF-mix); ii) ITF containing wheat (ITF-wheat); and iii) ITF containing rice (ITF-rice). The total concentration of As was detected after wet digestion using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The highest mean concentration of As was detected for ITF-rice in comparison to other ITF samples. Sources of As in food are both, natural and human-induced; the main source of ITF contamination with As could be industrial food processing, manufacturing and storage, as well as cultivation specifics of crops. The study revealed the significance of monitoring or supervision over food safety, especially regarding ITF as these products are intended for the most vulnerable groups of consumers.

The limitations of teaching materials in the implementation of distance learning coupled with students’ low problem-solving ability led to the need to develop teaching materials in the form of guided inquiry to improve students’ ability to solve problems. This development research aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the Guided Inquiry Lesson Based on Ethnoscience (GILBE) e-module. This development research employs the Research and Development (RD) approach with a 4D development model, meaning define, design, develop, and disseminate. GILBE e-module on colloid material was piloted on 16 students SMA at Central Kalimantan in the limited trial and 30 students SMA at South Kalimantan in the broad trial. The validity test was measured using a validation sheet. The practicality test was measured using a readability questionnaire, student and teacher responses, and the effectiveness test was measured using a problem-solving ability test instrument in the form of ten essay questions. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the designed e-module matched valid, practical, and effective. The effectiveness is based on the p-value 0.05 in the limited and broad trial of the N-gain of students’ problem-solving abilities in the high category and can be used in the chemistry learning process. Further research will develop teaching materials for higher-order thinking that apply the GILBE model, which is of higher quality.

Abstract Background Airway management in children with severe burns is difficult because of airway edema and prolonged duration of ventilatory management. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that tracheostomy is beneficial for children. Case presentation A male child aged 1 year and 4 months was injured when he accidentally fell into a bathtub filled with boiling water. Furthermore, 85% of the burnt area, including the face and neck, consisted of second-degree burns; hence, oral tracheal intubation and resuscitative infusion were required. In this case, the patient was safely switched from oral to nasotracheal intubation using a tracheal tube guide and video laryngoscope, without the use of a bronchoscope, and ventilatory management could be continued for 2 weeks. Conclusion Oral to nasal endotracheal tube exchange using a tracheal tube guide and video laryngoscope may be useful not only for pediatric burn patients but also for adult patients who need to be safely switched from oral to nasotracheal intubation.

ABSTRACT Tilapia gonads mature quickly before reaching market size, caused by a diverting of feed energy from growth to reproduction. As a result, somatic growth is disrupted to achieve market size, the operational costs are high, and the rearing period is longer. This study aims to evaluate the ability of karamunting leaf extracts to inhibit the development of tilapia gonads. This study used a complete randomized design with four treatments and three replications, namely 0 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of karamunting leaf extract. Tilapia fish weighed 13–14 g were kept in an aquarium measuring 100×60×50 cm with a stocking density of 20 fish/ aquarium. Fish were fed twice a day at 8 a.m and 5 p.m in at satiation. Sampling was carried out at the beginning of the study, on day 30th and day 60th. On day 30th the result showed that the best dose in inhibiting the development of fish gonad was 100 mg/kg of karamunting leaf extract that was 1.15 ± 0.19% and the daily growth rate was increased at 2.22 ± 0.06%. On day 60th, the best dose in inhibiting gonad development was 25 mg/kg of karamunting leaf extract, which was 2.49 ± 1.24% and the daily growth rate was increased amount 3.26 ± 0.06%. Keywords: extract, karamunting leaves, gonad development, tilapia ABSTRAK Gonad ikan nila cepat berkembang sebelum mencapai ukuran pasar, menyebabkan pengalihan energi pakan dari pertumbuhan ke reproduksi. Akibatnya, pertumbuhan somatik terganggu sehingga untuk mencapai ukuran pasar biaya operasional tinggi dan masa pemeliharaan lebih lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak daun karamunting dalam menghambat perkembangan gonad ikan nila. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan; yaitu 0 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, dan 100 mg/kg ekstrak daun karamunting. Ikan nila berukuran 13–14 g dipelihara di akuarium berukuran 100×60×50 cm dengan padat tebar 20 ikan/akuarium. Ikan diberi makan dua kali sehari pada jam 8 pagi dan 5 sore dengan at satiation. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada awal penelitian, hari ke-30 dan hari ke-60. Hasil pada hari ke-30 menunjukan bahwa dosis terbaik dalam menghambat perkembangan gonad pada ikan uji adalah 100 mg/kg ekstrak daun karamunting yaitu 1.15 ± 0.19% dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan harian 2.22 ± 0.06%. Pada hari ke-60 dosis terbaik dalam menghambat perkembangan gonad adalah 25 mg/kg ekstrak daun karamunting yaitu 2.49 ± 1.24% dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan harian 3.26 ± 0.06%. Kata kunci: daun karamunting, ekstrak, ikan nila, pertumbuhan gonad

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal tumors. The aim of this study is to provide an effective therapeutic discovery platform for pancreatic cancer by establishing and characterizing patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Methods PDOs were established from pancreatic tumor surgical specimens, and the mutations were examined using a panel sequence. Expression of markers was assessed by PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry; tumorigenicity was examined using immunodeficient mice, and drug responses were examined in vitro and in vivo. Results PDOs were established from eight primary and metastatic tumors, and the characteristic mutations and expression of cancer stem cell markers and CA19–9 were confirmed. Tumorigenicity of the PDOs was confirmed in subcutaneous transplantation and in the peritoneal cavity in the case of PDOs derived from disseminated nodules. Gemcitabine-sensitive/resistant PDOs showed consistent responses in vivo. High throughput screening in PDOs identified a compound effective for inhibiting tumor growth of a gemcitabine-resistant PDO xenograft model. Conclusions This PDO-based platform captures important aspects of treatment-resistant pancreatic cancer and its metastatic features, suggesting that this study may serve as a tool for the discovery of personalized therapies.

Abstract Background Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare, but potentially fatal complication that can occur following gastric surgery, and the reported incidence of JGI is as low as 0.1%. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for JGI to prevent major complications such as bowel necrosis and death. Although emergency surgery is the standard treatment, endoscopic reduction has also been reported to be effective in JGI patients without bowel necrosis. Several early recurrent cases treated with surgical or endoscopic reduction have been reported. We report an extremely rare case of JGI after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) using Child’s procedure that was successfully treated with surgical reduction and fixation. Case presentation An 81-year-old man who had undergone PD using Child’s procedure 3 years ago presented to our hospital with epigastric pain and nausea. His vital signs were stable, and abdominal examination revealed mild tenderness with a palpable mass in the mid-epigastrium. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and gastroscopy revealed a JGI of the efferent loop, and exploratory laparotomy was immediately performed. During the operation, the efferent loop showed no adhesions and was intussuscepted through the gastrojejunostomy into the gastric lumen. An incision in the anterior wall of the stomach revealed no evidence of ischemia of the intussusceptum. The efferent loop was reduced using Hutchinson’s maneuver and fixed to the afferent loop to prevent a recurrence. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no sign of recurrence 12 months postoperatively. Conclusions JGI after PD is an extremely rare, but has severe complications. Surgery might be the optimal treatment for JGI in terms of preventing recurrence, even in cases without bowel necrosis.

Abstract High energy density physics is the field of physics dedicated to the study of matter and plasmas in extreme conditions of temperature, densities and pressures. It encompasses multiple disciplines such as material science, planetary science, laboratory and astrophysical plasma science. For the latter, high energy density states can be accompanied by extreme radiation environments and super-strong magnetic fields. The creation of high energy density states in the laboratory consists in concentrating/depositing large amounts of energy in a reduced mass, typically solid material sample or dense plasma, over a time shorter than the typical timescales of heat conduction and hydrodynamic expansion. Laser-generated, high current–density ion beams constitute an important tool for the creation of high energy density states in the laboratory. Focusing plasma devices, such as cone-targets are necessary in order to focus and direct these intense beams towards the heating sample or dense plasma, while protecting the proton generation foil from the harsh environments typical of an integrated high-power laser experiment. A full understanding of the ion beam dynamics in focusing devices is therefore necessary in order to properly design and interpret the numerous experiments in the field. In this work, we report a detailed investigation of large-scale, kilojoule-class laser-generated ion beam dynamics in focusing devices and we demonstrate that high-brilliance ion beams compress magnetic fields to amplitudes exceeding tens of kilo-Tesla, which in turn play a dominant role in the focusing process, resulting either in a worsening or enhancement of focusing capabilities depending on the target geometry.

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an invasive alien species in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the impact of its invasion in Indonesia by measuring the damaged area caused by the pest in maize fields located across East Java and simultaneously determine whether S. frugiperda outcompetes the native Asian armyworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Secondly, the virulence of 14 entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) isolates against S. frugiperda larvae was evaluated in an effort to find effective biocontrol agent candidates. Results The damaged area caused by S. frugiperda was generally higher than that caused by S. litura during the survey period from August 2019 to December 2021. It indicated that S. frugiperda may have dominated the native armyworm and become the primary key pest of maize in Indonesia. Based on a single-concentration assay (106 conidia ml−1), the tested EPF isolates displayed varying degrees of virulence against S. frugiperda larvae, causing larval mortality of 3.5 to 71% at 10-day post-treatment, with the highest mortality rates provided by Beauveria bassiana sensu lato and Trichoderma asperellum sensu lato. At a concentration of 108 conidia ml−1, B. bassiana s.l. and T. asperellum s.l. elicited high larval mortality of 76 and 81%, respectively, at 10-day post-treatment. Nevertheless, the probit analysis based on a concentration–response assay revealed that T. asperellum s.l. had lower LC50 and LC90 values than B. bassiana s.l. Conclusions The attack and invasion of S. frugiperda seem to be a continual threat to the maize agro-ecosystem in Indonesia. As a consequence, Indonesia should mitigate and be well-prepared for future outbreaks of S. frugiperda. Indigenous EPF isolates used in this study may act as promising biocontrol agents of S. frugiperda, especially T. asperellum s.l. This study also serves as the first report documenting the direct lethality of Trichoderma fungus on S. frugiperda larvae.