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短期大学における社会福祉士養成に伴う実習生の適格性を担保することを目的とし、帯広大谷短期大学で考案された「実習前評価システム（短期大学版）」を踏襲し、本学の学生の状況に合わせて改訂しながら施行してきた。小論は、その７年間の取り組みを整理した。

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de zona de raízes contendo em seu leito filtrante, além de areia e brita, carvão ativado granular (CAG) e argila expandida, no tratamento de esgoto doméstico, com vistas à otimização da remoção de nutrientes. O experimento foi realizado em uma região de clima do tipo BSh (classificação de Köeppen e Geiger) com temperatura média de 24,4 ºC e pluviosidade média anual de 469 mm, mantendo-se em monitoramento por 164 dias (24/04 a 05/10/2017), sendo operado com fluxo subsuperficial vertical afogado, com TDH de 2,8 dias e taxa de aplicação superficial de 125L/m2 .d. A carga média introduzida de matéria orgânica, de nitrogênio e fósforo foi, respectivamente, de 0,048 kgDBO/m2 .d, 0,01 kgNTK/m2 .d e 0,002 kgP-PO4-3/m2 .d. Foi possível obter um efluente altamente clarificado com uma eficiência média de remoção de matéria orgânica em termos de DBO e DQO de 93%, de NTK de 46,5% e de fósforo total de 83%. Dadas as características do processo e a configuração da unidade piloto, pode-se aventar a hipótese de que a presença do CAG e, sobretudo, da argila expandida na composição do leito filtrante, podem ter colaborado positivamente na obtenção de tais índices de eficiência. Assim sendo, foi possível otimizar a remoção de nutrientes no sistema de tratamento por zona de raízes, mediante a introdução de elementos específicos como meio filtrantes, além de demonstrar tratar-se de uma eficaz ferramenta a ser implementada em modelos descentralizados de coleta/tratamento de esgotos.

Glucosyltransferase (GTF)-I from cariogenic Streptococcus sobrinus elongates the α-(1→3)-linked glucose polymer branches on the primer dextran bound to the C-terminal glucan-binding domain. We investigated the GTF-I-catalyzed glucan synthesis reaction in the absence of the primer dextran. The time course of saccharide production during dextran-independent glucan synthesis from sucrose was analyzed. Fructose and glucose were first produced by the sucrose hydrolysis. Leucrose was subsequently produced, followed by insoluble glucan [α-(1→3)-linked glucose polymers] after a lag phase. High levels of intermediate nigerooligosaccharide series accumulation were characteristically not observed during the lag phase. The results from the enzymatic activity of the acceptor reaction for the nigerooligosaccharide with a degree of polymerization of 2-6 and methyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a glucose analog indicate that the activity increased with an increase in the degree of polymerization. The production of insoluble glucan was numerically simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with the kinetic parameters estimated from the enzyme assay. The simulated time course provided a profile similar to that of experimental data. These results define the relationship between the kinetic properties of GTF-I and the time course of saccharide production. These results are discussed with respect to a mechanism that underlies efficient glucan synthesis.

Glucosyltransferase (GTF)-I from cariogenic Streptococcus sobrinus elongates the α-(1→3)-linked glucose polymer branches on the primer dextran bound to the C-terminal glucan-binding domain. We investigated the GTF-I-catalyzed glucan synthesis reaction in the absence of the primer dextran. The time course of saccharide production during dextran-independent glucan synthesis from sucrose was analyzed. Fructose and glucose were first produced by the sucrose hydrolysis. Leucrose was subsequently produced, followed by insoluble glucan [α-(1→3)-linked glucose polymers] after a lag phase. High levels of intermediate nigerooligosaccharide series accumulation were characteristically not observed during the lag phase. The results from the enzymatic activity of the acceptor reaction for the nigerooligosaccharide with a degree of polymerization of 2-6 and methyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a glucose analog indicate that the activity increased with an increase in the degree of polymerization. The production of insoluble glucan was numerically simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with the kinetic parameters estimated from the enzyme assay. The simulated time course provided a profile similar to that of experimental data. These results define the relationship between the kinetic properties of GTF-I and the time course of saccharide production. These results are discussed with respect to a mechanism that underlies efficient glucan synthesis.

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the thiocarbamate antifungal agent liranaftate, the edema and the neutrophil accumulation detected by the activity of neutrophil marker enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), were examined following application of liranaftate to mouse ears with inflammation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Topical 20 microl administration of liranaftate in a dose-range between 1-4% suppressed the increase in ear thickness 6 hr after PMA application dose-dependently. Similarly, it decreased the weight increase of an ear section after 24 hr dose-dependently. More than 1% of liranaftate also suppressed augmentation of MPO activity of the ear section. This and histological observation indicate that liranaftate treatment suppressed neutrophil accumulation in PMA-applied ear lesion. From these results, we discussed that liranaftate might suppress inflammatory symptoms caused by trychophytosis in a clinical condition.

Farnesol is well known as a quorum-sensing molecule of Candida albicans. To assess the pathological function of farnesol, its effects on macrophage viability and functions including growth inhibitory activities against C. albicans were examined in vitro. Murine macrophages, when cultured in the presence of 56-112 microM of farnesol for 1-2 hr, decreased their activity inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. albicans and lost their viability. This suppression of macrophage function by farnesol was neutralized by the coexistence of the anti-oxidants probucol and trolox. Macrophages cultured in the presence of farnesol for 2 hr displayed morphological change of nuclei and DNA fragmentation, which suggested apoptosis of the cells. Intracellular production of ROS in the farnesol-treated macrophages was shown by fluorescence of DCFH-DA and increase of peroxidized materials. These effects of farnesol were blocked by probucol or trolox. These results indicate that farnesol lowered viability of the murine macrophages and suppressed their anti-Candida activity, perhaps through induction of ROS.

MCA病変による梗塞巣の広がりとその出現頻度を知る目的で, 223例のMCA閉塞あるいは狭窄例を対象として血管撮影所見を4群に分類し, また臨床的に診断された塞栓症と非塞栓症の閉塞機転の相違からCT所見を検討した.すなわち血管撮影所見よりM1, M2閉塞をそれぞれI, II 群, M1, M2狭窄をIII, IV群とすると, 各群は84例, 88例, 31例, 20例であった。またCTにて低吸収域を示したものは199例あり, その所見を梗塞巣の分布によってS+D, S, B, D, WB, D+WB, WM, H typeに分類すると, それぞれ60例, 45例, 18例, 10例, 15例, 47例, 1例, 3例であった.梗塞巣の分布ではS+D type, D+WB typeが多く, その過半数はI群にみられ, 塞栓症を加えるとM1閉塞によるものが各々85%, 77%となった.このうちI群のD+WB typeは非塞栓症でみられ, 一方I群以外の多くはM2の塞栓性閉塞であった.S typeの80%はM2病変 (II・IV群) であり, II~IV群にみられたB typeは, すべて非塞栓症であった.またD typeの60%はI群に, WB typeはI~III群にみられ, 塞栓症は概して少なかった.WM type, H typeは他の血管病変の合併が示された。以上より閉塞機転の相違により非塞栓性M1閉塞ではD+WB type, D type, WB typeが, M2閉塞ではStypeが多かった.しかしMCA髄質枝領域の梗塞であるB typeも少ないながらII~IV群にみられ, 特にM2狭窄で高頻度であった.