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2. Aflatoxin Contamination of Milk Produced in Peri-urban Farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and Contributory Factors

Author

Yunus, Agha Waqar, primary, Ullah, Aman, additional, Lindahl, Johanna Frida, additional, Anwar, Zahid, additional, Ullah, Atta, additional, Saif, Sharjeel, additional, Ali, Mubarak, additional, Zahur, Aamer Bin, additional, Irshad, Hamid, additional, Javaid, Shahbaz, additional, Imtiaz, Nida, additional, Farooq, Umer, additional, Ahsan, Aitzaz, additional, Fatima, Zahida, additional, Hashmi, Avais Ahmed, additional, Abbasi, Babar Hilal Ahmad, additional, Bari, Zubair, additional, Khan, Ihsan Ullah, additional, and Ibrahim, Mohammed Nawaz Mohammed, additional

Published
2020
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4. Comparative Analysis of BTS-34 and Vero-76 Cell lines for Isolation of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus

Author

Latif, Asma, Zahur, Aamer Bin, Libeau, Geneviève, Zahra, Rabab, Ullah, Aman, Ahmed, Afshan, Afzal, Muhammad, Ur-Rahman, Sajjad, Latif, Asma, Zahur, Aamer Bin, Libeau, Geneviève, Zahra, Rabab, Ullah, Aman, Ahmed, Afshan, Afzal, Muhammad, and Ur-Rahman, Sajjad

Abstract

Peste de petits ruminant (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting predominantly sheep and goats. The virus belongs to the genus Morbillivirus accounting for causing immunosuppression and severe lymphopenia in host lymphoid cells principally due to the presence of a glycoprotein known as Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) acting as cellular receptor. Limitations regarding the efficiency of PPR virus isolation using a variety of cell lines paved the way to the use of a new cell line (BTS-34) expressing these receptors. In the present study, a total of 18 PPRV confirmed strains were inoculated onto low passage Vero-76 and BTS-34 cell lines simultaneously to compare the susceptibilities of Vero and BTS cells for PPR virus isolation. The recovered viruses were then re-confirmed by Ic-ELISA and RT-PCR. In order to investigate the differences in titers of virus strains, serial tenfold dilutions were made separately using both cells at a density of 0.01x106 and tissue culture infective dose fifty (TCID50) was calculated. The results revealed that the characteristic pattern of the CPEs was more obvious in BTS-34 cell line marked by giant cells ultimately transforming into distinguished syncytia in 2 to 3 days. The average incubation time for virus isolation on Vero cells was about 10 days and syncytia formation were less marked. The growth curve indicated a one log increase in virus titer in case of BTS-34 cell line as compared to Vero-76. Statistically, there was significant difference between two types of cell lines in terms of number of days taken for PPR virus isolation as determined by single factor ANOVA (P<0.001). The study showed that BTS cells produced high virus titer with clearly distinct CPEs in short time due to the presence of SLAM receptors as compared to Vero cells suggesting the BTS cells to be more efficient and sensitive for PPRV isolation.

Published
2018

5. Evaluation of thermal stability and inactivation of local Peste des Petits Ruminants isolates cultivated in cell culture

Author

Latif, Asma, Libeau, Geneviève, Zahur, Aamer Bin, Zahra, Rabab, and Afzal, Muhammad

Subjects
L73 - Maladies des animaux
Abstract

Peste des Petits Ruminants is a very contagious viral disease affecting large number of small ruminants predominantly goats and sheep. Vaccines are available for controlling this fatal disease but the efficacy of these vaccines depends upon the maintenance of cold chain in areas of extreme weather conditions. Uptil now, little is known about the stability of PPRV and its inactivation at different environmental conditions. In the current study, thermal stability of seven cell culture derived PPRV isolates under different environmental temperatures and the ability of heat and UVC irradiation to inactivate PPRV were evaluated. To assess the thermal stability, aliquots of PPRV isolates incubated at 37_C were removed after every three hours while those incubated at RT and 4_C were removed every day and every two days respectively. To evaluate the sensitivity of extreme heat, aliquots were subjected to four increasing temperatures (56_C, 60_C, 62_C and 65_C) for different time intervals. To investigate the effects of UVC on PPRV infectivity, aliquots were subjected to UVC irradiation for three different time points. Tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of all the treated samples was calculated to determine the infectious titers using Vero cells. The results of the current study reveals that thermal stability of PPRV may be influenced by high temperatures, extreme heat and UVC irradiation and selecting the suitable heat resistant PPRV isolates may be a good approach to develop a thermostable vaccine for PPR.

Published
2016

6. Evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus excretion in the milk of apparently healthy vaccinated buffaloes in Islamabad, Pakistan

Author

AHMED, Hafiz İftikhar, FAROOQ, Umer, ZAHUR, Aamer Bin, NAEEM, Khalid, LATIF, Asma, and IRSHAD, Hamid

Subjects
Fen, viruses, animal diseases, Science, FMD,seroprevalence,ELISA,milk,buffalo,LF-BK,real time PCR, food and beverages
Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and isolation of the FMD virus (FMDV) in the milk of apparently healthy Asian buffaloes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in periurban dairy farms (n = 20) on ≥20 animals per farm in the suburbs of Islamabad, Pakistan. Sera samples (n = 200) were collected to monitor FMDV seroconversions. The analysis of serum samples using ELISA indicated a high seroprevalence of FMD (78%; 156/200) in Asian buffaloes. Milk samples were collected from FMDV seropositive animals only, and virus-specific signals were detected in 12.2% (19/156) of the animals by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (rRT-PCR). Milk samples positive for FMDV using rRT-PCR were inoculated into LF-BK cells for virus isolation. Two FMDV isolates (serotypes O and Asia-1) were recovered from the milk samples. A high seroprevalence of FMD and isolation of FMDV from the milk of healthy Asian buffaloes may represent a possible role for healthy Asian buffaloes as an FMD reservoir.

Published
2015

10. Evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus excretion in the milk of apparently healthy vaccinated buffaloes in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Author

AHMED, Hafiz Iftikhar, FAROOQ, Umer, ZAHUR, Aamer Bin, NAEEM, Khalid, LATIF, Asma, and IRSHAD, Hamid

Subjects
FOOT & mouth disease vaccines, WATER buffalo milk yield, ANIMALS, SERUM, VIRUS isolation, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and isolation of the FMD virus (FMDV) in the milk of apparently healthy Asian buffaloes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in periurban dairy farms (n = 20) on =20 animals per farm in the suburbs of Islamabad, Pakistan. Sera samples (n = 200) were collected to monitor FMDV seroconversions. The analysis of serum samples using ELISA indicated a high seroprevalence of FMD (78%; 156/200) in Asian buffaloes. Milk samples were collected from FMDV seropositive animals only, and virus-specific signals were detected in 12.2% (19/156) of the animals by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (rRT-PCR). Milk samples positive for FMDV using rRT-PCR were inoculated into LF-BK cells for virus isolation. Two FMDV isolates (serotypes O and Asia-1) were recovered from the milk samples. A high seroprevalence of FMD and isolation of FMDV from the milk of healthy Asian buffaloes may represent a possible role for healthy Asian buffaloes as an FMD reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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11. Mild Form of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) in Pakistan.

Author

Ullah, Riasat Wasee, Zahur, Aamer Bin, Latif, Asma, Dasti, Javid Iqbal, Zahra, Rabab, and Khan, Saeed-ul-Hassan

Abstract

An outbreak of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in suburban area of Rawalpindi District of Punjab province Pakistan has been investigated. A total of 38 clinically affected animals out of 140 goats and sheep 10-18 months old with no history of PPR vaccination. Nasal and ocular swabs were analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of PPRV specific genome and their sera were analysed for PPR antibodies by competitive ELISA. Eight out of 10 swab samples were found positive for PPRV and all sera were positive for PPRV specific antibodies. It is thus speculated that a comparatively mild strain of PPR virus exists in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

13. Efficacy of Three Different Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Vaccines and Determination of Appropriate Age of PPR Vaccination in Lambs.

Author

Irshad, Hamid, Ullah, Aman, Ahsan, Aitezaz, Zahur, Aamer Bin, Basra, Muhammad Jamil, Azhar, Muhammad Sajid, Afzal, Muhammad, and Jahangir, Muhammad

Subjects
*PESTE des petits ruminants, *MATERNALLY acquired immunity, *LAMBS, *HEPATITIS B vaccines, *VACCINATION, *VACCINES
Abstract

The study evaluated the efficacy of three different Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccines and assessed the appropriate age of vaccination in lambs born without maternal antibodies at Livestock Experimental Station, Rakh Ghulaman. The lambs (n=94) were divided into ten groups. The lambs in Group A1 (1-<2 month), A2 (2-3 months) and A3 (>3 months) were vaccinated with PPR vaccine from company A and the lambs in Group B1 (1-<2 month), B2 (2-3 months) and B3 (>3 months) were vaccinated with PPR vaccine from company B. However, PPR vaccine from company C was given to four groups of lambs (Group C1, C2, C3 and C4). Serum samples were collected from experimental animals at monthly intervals for five months. Sera were analyzed using c-ELISA. The results indicated that most appropriate age of vaccination against PPR in lambs without maternal antibodies is 2-3 months with any of three vaccines. However, vaccine C may also be used at the age of < 1 month to get protection against PPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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