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1. The In-Flight Realtime Trigger and Localization Software of GECAM

Author

Zhao, Xiao-Yun, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Wen, Xiang-Yang, Li, Xin-Qiao, Cai, Ce, Xiao, Shuo, Luo, Qi, Peng, Wen-Xi, Guo, Dong-Ya, An, Zheng-Hua, Gong, Ke, Liao, Jin-Yuan, Zhang, Yan-Qiu, Huang, Yue, Li, Lu, Wen, Xing, Zhang, Fei, Duan, Jing, Wang, Chen-Wei, Shi, Dong-Li, Zhang, Peng, Yi, Qi-Bin, Li, Chao-Yang, Xu, Yan-Bing, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liu, Ya-Qing, Zhang, Da-Li, Sun, Xi-Lei, Zhang, Fan, Chen, Gang, Wang, Huan-Yu, Yang, Sheng, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Gao, Min, Li, Mao-Shun, Wang, Jin-Zhou, Zhou, Xing, Zhao, Yi, Xue, Wang-Chen, Zheng, Chao, Liu, Jia-Cong, Han, Xing-Bo, Qi, Jin-Ling, Huang, Jia, Zhang, Ke-Ke, Chen, Can, Yang, Xiong-Tao, Hou, Dong-Jie, Wang, Yu-Sa, Qiao, Rui, Ma, Xiang, Li, Xiao-Bo, Wang, Ping, Song, Xin-Ying, Song, Li-Ming, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Li, Bing, Zhang, Hong-Mei, Zhu, Yue, Chen, Wei, He, Jian-Jian, Zhang, Zhen, Hou, Jin, Wang, Hong-Jun, Hao, Yan-Chao, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Yang, Zong-Yuan, Wen, Zhi-Long, Chang, Zhi, Du, Yuan-Yuan, Gao, Rui, Lan, Xiao-Fei, Li, Yan-Guo, Li, Gang, Li, Xu-Fang, Lu, Fang-Jun, Lu, Hong, Meng, Bin, Shi, Feng, Wang, Hui, Wang, Hui-Zhen, Xu, Yu-Peng, Yang, Jia-Wei, Yang, Xue-Juan, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Chao-Yue, Zhang, Cheng-Mo, Tang, Zhi-Cheng, and Cheng, Cheng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM, which is an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched in Dec 10, 2020. We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating on the CPU of the GECAM electronic box (EBOX). This onboard software has the following features: high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation, dedicated localization algorithm optimized for short and long bursts respetively, short time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked throught the BeiDou satellite navigation System (BDS). This paper presents the detailed design and deveopment of this trigger and localization software system of GECAM, including the main functions, general design, workflow and algorithms, as well as the verification and demonstration of this software, including the on-ground trigger tests with simulated gamma-ray bursts made by a dedicated X-ray tube and the in-flight performance to real gamma-ray bursts and magnetar bursts., Comment: Draft, comments welcome

Published
2021

2. Timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 with Insight-HXMT monitoring

Author

Liu, He-Xin, Huang, Yue, Xiao, Guang-Cheng, Bu, Qing-Cui, Qu, Jin-Lu, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Jia, Shu-Mei, Lu, Fang-Jun, Ma, Xiang, Tao, Lian, Zhang, Wei, Chen, Li, Song, Li-Ming, Li, Ti-Pei, Xu, Yu-Peng, Cao, Xue-Lei, Chen, Yong, Liu, Cong-Zhan, Cai, Ce, Chang, Zhi, Chen, Gang, Chen, Tian-Xiang, Chen, Yi-Bao, Chen, Yu-Peng, Cui, Wei, Cui, Wei-Wei, Deng, Jing-Kang, Dong, Yong-Wei, Du, Yuan-Yuan, Fu, Min-Xue, Gao, Guan-Hua, Gao, He, Gao, Min, Ge, Ming-Yu, Gu, Yu-Dong, Guan, Ju, Guo, Cheng-Cheng, Han, Da-Wei, Huo, Jia, Jiang, Lu-Hua, Jiang, Wei-Chun, Jin, Jing, Jin, Yong-Jie, Kong, Ling-Da, Li, Bing, Li, Cheng-Kui, Li, Gang, Li, Mao-Shun, Li, Wei, Li, Xian, Li, Xiao-Bo, Li, Xu-Fang, Li, Yang-Guo, Li, Zheng-Wei, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liao, Jing-Yuan, Liu, Bai-Sheng, Liu, Guo-Qing, Liu, Hong-Wei, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Liu, Yi-Nong, Lu, Bo, Lu, Xue-Feng, Luo, Qi, Luo, Tao, Meng, Bin, Nang, Yi, Nie, Jian-Yin, Ou, Ge, Sai, Na, Shang, Ren-Cheng, Song, Xin-Ying, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Tuo, You-Li, Wang, Chen, Wang, Guo-Feng, Wang, Juan, Wang, Ling-Jun, Wang, Weng-Shuai, Wang, Yu-Sa., Wen, Xiang-Yang, Wu, Bai-Yang, Wu, Bo-Bing, Wu, Mei, Xiao, Shuo, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xu, He, Yang, Jia-Wei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Yan-Ji, Yang, Yi-Jung, Yi, Qi-Bin, Yin, Qian-Qing, You, Yuan, Zhang, Ai-Mei, Zhang, Cheng-Mo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Hong-Mei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Wan-Chang, Zhang, Wen-Zhao, Yi-Zhang, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Zhang, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Yuan-Hang, Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Zhao, Zhang, Zhi, Zhang, Zi-Liang, Zhao, Hai-Sheng, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Zheng, Yao-Guang, Zhou, Deng-Ke, Zhou, Jian-Feng, Zhu, Yu-Xuan, Zhuang, Ren-Lin, and Zhu, Yue

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the observational results from a detailed timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 during its outburst in 2019 with the observations of Insight-HXMT, NICER and MAXI. This outburst can be classfied roughly into four different states. Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed by NICER (about 0.1-6Hz) and Insight-HXMT (about 0.7-8Hz) are also reported in this work. Meanwhile, we study various physical quantities related to QPO frequency.The QPO rms-frequency relationship in three energy band 1-10 keV indicates that there is a turning pointing in frequency around 2 Hz,which is similar to that of GRS 1915+105. A possible hypothesis for the relationship above may be related to the inclination of the source, which may require a high inclination to explain it. The relationships between QPO frequency and QPO rms,hardness,total fractional rms and count rate have also been found in other transient sources, which can indicate that the origin of type-C QPOs is non-thermal.

Published
2020
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3. Discovery of oscillations above 200 keV in a black hole X-ray binary with Insight-HXMT

Author

Ma, Xiang, Tao, Lian, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Liang, Bu, Qing-Cui, Ge, Ming-Yu, Chen, Yu-Peng, Qu, Jin-Lu, Zhang, Shu, Lu, Fang-Jun, Song, Li-Ming, Yang, Yi-Jung, Yuan, Feng, Cai, Ce, Cao, Xue-Lei, Chang, Zhi, Chen, Gang, Chen, Li, Chen, Tian-Xiang, Chen, Yi-Bao, Chen, Yong, Cui, Wei, Cui, Wei-Wei, Deng, Jing-Kang, Dong, Yong-Wei, Du, Yuan-Yuan, Fu, Min-Xue, Gao, Guan-Hua, Gao, He, Gao, Min, Gu, Yu-Dong, Guan, Ju, Guo, Cheng-Cheng, Han, Da-Wei, Huang, Yue, Huo, Jia, Ji, Long, Jia, Shu-Mei, Jiang, Lu-Hua, Jiang, Wei-Chun, Jin, Jing, Jin, Yong-Jie, Kong, Ling-Da, Li, Bing, Li, Cheng-Kui, Li, Gang, Li, Mao-Shun, Li, Ti-Pei, Li, Wei, Li, Xian, Li, Xiao-Bo, Li, Xu-Fang, Li, Yan-Guo, Li, Zheng-Wei, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liao, Jin-Yuan, Liu, Bai-Sheng, Liu, Cong-Zhan, Liu, Guo-Qing, Liu, Hong-Wei, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Liu, Yi-Nong, Lu, Bo, Lu, Xue-Feng, Luo, Qi, Luo, Tao, Meng, Bin, Nang, Yi, Nie, Jian-Yin, Ou, Ge, Sai, Na, Shang, Ren-Cheng, Song, Xin-Ying, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Tuo, Yuo-Li, Wang, Chen, Wang, Guo-Feng, Wang, Juan, Wang, Ling-Jun, Wang, Wen-Shuai, Wang, Yu-Sa, Wen, Xiang-Yang, Wu, Bai-Yang, Wu, Bo-Bing, Wu, Mei, Xiao, Guang-Cheng, Xiao, Shuo, Xie, Fu-Guo, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xu, He, Xu, Yu-Peng, Yang, Jia-Wei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Yan-Ji, Yi, Qi-Bin, Yin, Qian-Qing, You, Yuan, Zhang, Ai-Mei, Zhang, Cheng-Mo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Hong-Mei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Wan-Chang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Wen-Zhao, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Zhang, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Zhao, Zhang, Zhi, Zhang, Zi-Liang, Zhao, Hai-Sheng, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Zhou, Deng-Ke, Zhou, Jian-Feng, Zhu, Yu-Xuan, Zhu, Yue, and Zhuang, Ren-Lin

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (LFQPOs) are commonly found in black hole X-ray binaries, and their origin is still under debate. The properties of LFQPOs at high energies (above 30 keV) are closely related to the nature of the accretion flow in the innermost regions, and thus play a crucial role in critically testing various theoretical models. The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) is capable of detecting emissions above 30 keV, and is therefore an ideal instrument to do so. Here we report the discovery of LFQPOs above 200 keV in the new black hole MAXI J1820+070 in the X-ray hard state, which allows us to understand the behaviours of LFQPOs at hundreds of kiloelectronvolts. The phase lag of the LFQPO is constant around zero below 30 keV, and becomes a soft lag (that is, the high-energy photons arrive first) above 30 keV. The soft lag gradually increases with energy and reaches ~0.9s in the 150-200 keV band. The detection at energies above 200 keV, the large soft lag and the energy-related behaviors of the LFQPO pose a great challenge for most currently existing models, but suggest that the LFQPO probably originates from the precession of a small-scale jet., Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables; published in Nature Astronomy

Published
2020
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4. Studies on the time response distribution of Insigh}-HXMT/LE

Author

Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhu, Yu-Xuan, Han, Da-Wei, Cui, Wei-Wei, Li, Wei, Wang, Juan, Wang, Yu-Sa, Zhang, Yi, Yang, Yan-Ji, Lu, Bo, Huo, Jia, Zhang, Zi-Liang, Chen, Tian-Xiang, Li, Mao-Shun, Lv, Zhong-Hua, Chen, Yong, Bu, Qing-Cui, Cai, Ce, Cao, Xue-Lei, Chang, Zhi, Chen, Gang, Chen, Li, Chen, Yi-Bao, Chen, Yu-Peng, Cui, Wei, Deng, Jing-Kang, Dong, Yong-Wei, Du, Yuan-Yuan, Fu, Min-Xue, Gao, Guan-Hua, Gao, He, Gao, Min, Ge, Ming-Yu, Gu, Yu-Dong, Guan, Ju, Guo, Cheng-Cheng, Huang, Yue, Jia, Shu-Mei, Jiang, Lu-Hua, Jiang, Wei-Chun, Jin, Jing, Kong, Ling-Da, Li, Bing, Li, Cheng-Kui, Li, Gang, Li, Ti-Bei, Li, Xian, Li, Xiao-Bo, Li, Xu-Fang, Li, Yan-Guo, Li, Zheng-Wei, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liao, Jin-Yuan, Liu, Cong-Zhan, Liu, Guo-Qing, Liu, Hong-Wei, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Liu, Yi-Nong, Lu, Fang-Jun, Lu, Xue-Feng, Luo, Qi, Luo, Tao, Ma, Xiang, Meng, Bin, Nang, Yi, Nie, Jian-Ying, Qu, Jin-Lu, Sai, Na, Song, Li-Ming, Song, Xin-Ying, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Tao, Lian, Tuo, You-Li, Wang, Chen, Wang, Guo-Feng, Wen, Xiang-Yang, Wu, Bai-Yang, Wu, Bo-Bing, Wu, Mei, Xiao, Guang-Cheng, Xiao, Shuo, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xu, Yu-Peng, Yang, Jia-Wei, Yang, Sheng, Yi, Qi-Bin, Yin, Qian-Qing, You, Yuan, Zhang, Ai-Mei, Zhang, Cheng-Mo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Wan-Chang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Wen-Zhao, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Zhang, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Zhao, Zhao, Hai-Sheng, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Zhou, Deng-Ke, Zhou, Jian-Feng, and Zhu, Yue

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) named Insight is China's first X-ray astronomical satellite. The Low Energy X-ray Telescope (LE) is one of its main payloads onboard. The detectors of LE adopt swept charge device CCD236 with L-shaped transfer electrodes. Charges in detection area are read out continuously along specific paths, which leads to a time response distribution of photons readout time. We designed a long exposure readout mode to measure the time response distribution. In this mode, CCD236 firstly performs exposure without readout, then all charges generated in preceding exposure phase are read out completely. Through analysis of the photons readout time in this mode, we obtained the probability distribution of photons readout time.

Published
2019

5. Confirming the spin parameter of the black hole in Cygnus X-1 using the Insight-HXMT

Author

Zhao, Xue-Shan, Dong, Yan-Ting, Gou, Li-Jun, Feng, Ye, Jia, Nan, Li, Yu-Feng, Liao, Zhen-Xuan, Liu, Ji-Ren, Zheng, Xue-Ying, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Qu, Jin-Lu, Song, Li-Ming, Zhang, Shu, Bu, Qing-Cui, Cai, Ce, Cao, Xue-Lei, Chang, Zhi, Chen, Gang, Chen, Li, Chen, Tian-Xiang, Chen, Yi-Bao, Chen, Yong, Chen, Yu-Peng, Cui, Wei, Cui, Wei-Wei, Deng, Jing-Kang, Dong, Yong-Wei, Du, Yuan-Yuan, Fu, Min-Xue, Gao, Guan-Hua, Gao, He, Gao, Min, Ge, Ming-Yu, Gu, Yu-Dong, Guan, Ju, Guo, Cheng-Cheng, Han, Da-Wei, Huang, Yue, Huo, Jia, Jia, Shu-Mei, Jiang, Lu-Hua, Jiang, Wei-Chun, Jin, Jing, Jin, Yong-Jie, Kong, Ling-Da, Li, Bing, Li, Cheng-Kui, Li, Gang, Li, Mao-Shun, Li, Ti-Pei, Li, Wei, Li, Xian, Li, Xiao-Bo, Li, Xu-Fang, Li, Yan-Guo, Li, Zheng-Wei, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liao, Jin-Yuan, Liu, Bai-Sheng, Liu, Cong-Zhan, Liu, Guo-Qing, Liu, He-Xin, Liu, Hong-Wei, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Liu, Yi-Nong, Lu, Bo, Lu, Fang-Jun, Lu, Xue-Feng, Luo, Qi, Luo, Tao, Ma, Xiang, Meng, Bin, Nang, Yi, Nie, Jian-Yin, Ou, Ge, Sai, Na, Shang, Ren-Cheng, Song, Xin-Ying, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Tao, Lian, Tuo, You-Li, Wang, Chen, Wang, Guo-Feng, Wang, Juan, Wang, Wen-Shuai, Wang, Yu-Sa, Wen, Xiang-Yang, Wu, Bai-Yang, Wu, Bo-Bing, Wu, Mei, Xiao, Guang-Cheng, Xiao, Shuo, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xu, Yu-Peng, Yang, Jia-Wei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Yan-Ji, Yang, Yi-Rong, Yi, Qi-Bin, Yin, Qian-Qing, You, Yuan, Zhang, Ai-Mei, Zhang, Cheng-Mo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Hong-Mei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Wan-Chang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Wen-Zhao, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Zhang, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Zhao, Zhang, Zhi, Zhang, Zi-Liang, Zhao, Hai-Sheng, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Zhou, Deng-Ke, Zhou, Jian-Feng, Zhu, Yu-Xuan, Yue-Zhu, and Zhuang, Ren-Lin

Published
2020
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6. GECAM Detection of a Bright Type I X-Ray Burst from 4U 0614+09: Hint for Its Spin Frequency at 413 Hz

Author

Chen, Yu-Peng, primary, Li, Jian, additional, Xiong, Shao-Lin, additional, Ji, Long, additional, Zhang, Shu, additional, Peng, Wen-Xi, additional, Qiao, Rui, additional, Li, Xin-Qiao, additional, Wen, Xiang-Yang, additional, Song, Li-Ming, additional, Zheng, Shi-Jie, additional, Song, Xin-Ying, additional, Zhao, Xiao-Yun, additional, Huang, Yue, additional, Lu, Fang-Jun, additional, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, additional, Xiao, Shuo, additional, Cai, Ce, additional, An, Zheng-Hua, additional, Chang, Zhi, additional, Chen, Can, additional, Chen, Gang, additional, Chen, Wei, additional, Dai, Guang-Qi, additional, Du, Yan-Qi, additional, Gao, Min, additional, Gong, Ke, additional, Guo, Dong-Ya, additional, Guo, Zhi-Wei, additional, He, Jian-Jian, additional, Li, Bin, additional, Li, Chao, additional, Li, Chao-Yang, additional, Li, Gang, additional, Li, Jian-Hui, additional, Li, Lu, additional, Li, Qing-Xin, additional, Li, Xiao-Bo, additional, Li, Yan-Guo, additional, Liang, Jing, additional, Liang, Xiao-Hua, additional, Liao, Jin-Yuan, additional, Liu, Jia-Cong, additional, Liu, Xiao-Jing, additional, Liu, Ya-Qing, additional, Luo, Qi, additional, Ma, Xiang, additional, Meng, Bin, additional, Ou, Ge, additional, Shi, Dong-Li, additional, Shi, Jing-Yan, additional, Sun, Gong-Xing, additional, Sun, Xi-Lei, additional, Tuo, You-Li, additional, Wang, Chen-Wei, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Huan-Yu, additional, Wang, Jin, additional, Wang, Jin-Zhou, additional, Wang, Ping, additional, Wang, Wen-Shuai, additional, Wang, Yu-Xi, additional, Wen, Xing, additional, Wu, Hong, additional, Xie, Sheng-Lun, additional, Xu, Yan-Bing, additional, Xu, Yu-Peng, additional, Xue, Wang-Chen, additional, Yang, Sheng, additional, Yao, Min, additional, Ye, Jian-Ying, additional, Yi, Qi-Bin, additional, Zhang, Cheng-Mo, additional, Zhang, Chao-Yue, additional, Zhang, Da-Li, additional, Zhang, Fan, additional, Zhang, Fei, additional, Zhang, Hong-Mei, additional, Zhang, Kai, additional, Zhang, Peng, additional, Zhang, Xiao-Lu, additional, Zhang, Yan-Qiu, additional, Zhang, Zhen, additional, Zhao, Guo-Ying, additional, Zhao, Shi-Yi, additional, Zhao, Yi, additional, Zheng, Chao, additional, Zhou, Xing, additional, and Zhu, Yue, additional

Published
2022
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