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Objective: This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties, primary structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Banzao. Methods: The polysaccharides were prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid and decolorization with hydrogen peroxide. The physicochemical properties of polysaccharides were studied, and the possible structures were predicted by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Finally, the free radical scavenging ability was determined. Results: The polysaccharide from Z. jujuba cv. Banzao contained the content of total sugar and uronic acid with 52.30% and 46.22%, respectively, and showed 64.70% of esterification degree, which was an acidic pectin polysaccharide; UV-VIS and IR spectroscopy showed that the polysaccharide from Z. jujuba cv. Banzao had typical polysaccharide absorption peak, and contained no protein or nucleic acid. It was a pyranose with α-glycosidic bond, mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, glucose. The polysaccharides from Z. jujuba cv. Banzao displayed certain antioxidant activity and the free radical clearance of the polysaccharide at 1 mg/mL for DPPH radical, ·OH and ABTS+· were 23.64%, 21.01% and 13.84%, respectively. Conclusion: The polysaccharide from Z. jujuba cv. Banzao was an acidic pectin sugar mainly composed of galacturonic acid. Besides, it had α-glycosidic bond and showed strong antioxidant capacity, which can be used as a potential antioxidant.

The southern Yidun Terrane formed in response to the westward subduction of the Garzê–Litang oceanic lithosphere. The Xiuwacu pluton, consisting of the Late Triassic biotite granite and Late Cretaceous monzogranite porphyry, is located in the northern portion of the southern Yidun Terrane. It hosts the Late Cretaceous quartz‐vein‐type Mo–W deposit genetically related to the intraplate monzogranite porphyry. However, the petrogenesis and magmatic fertility of the biotite granite remain unclear. Sixteen zircons from the biotite granite yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 217 ± 1.2 Ma, indicating that the biotite granite emplaced synchronously with the arc‐related andesites and porphyries in the southern Yidun Terrane. Unlike these slab melt‐derived adakitic rocks, the Xiuwacu biotite granites show typical I‐type granite affinities, with relatively high SiO2 contents, low Sr/Y ratios, and high Y contents. These granites display depleted zircon Hf isotopic signatures (ƐHf(t) = 0.6–3.8) but enriched whole‐rock Sr–Nd and zircon O isotopic signatures, suggesting that the mixing between juvenile materials and external enriched melts might have contributed to the generation of biotite granite. Moreover, they show relatively high Al2O3/(FeOT + MgO + TiO2), Th/Yb, and Th/Nb ratios, which are collectively indicative of the input of sediment melts extracted from subducting slab into the melt source of biotite granite. The high MgO, TiO2, F, and Cl contents of biotite and the excess Al of plagioclase suggest that the Xiuwacu biotite granites formed under high oxygen fugacities, magmatic water contents, and volatiles components and they might have Cu prospecting potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolbachia are maternally inherited intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods and cause an array of effects on host reproduction, fitness and mating behavior. Although our understanding of the Wolbachia-associated effects on hosts is rapidly expanding, our knowledge of the host factors that mediate Wolbachia dynamics is rudimentary. Here, we explore the interactions between Wolbachia and its host, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Our results indicate that Wolbachia induces strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), increases host fecundity, but has no effects on the longevity of females and the mating competitiveness of males in T. urticae. Most importantly, host mating pattern was found to affect Wolbachia density dynamics during host aging. Mating of an uninfected mite of either sex with an infected mite attenuates the Wolbachia density in the infected mite. According to the results of Wolbachia localization, this finding may be associated with the tropism of Wolbachia for the reproductive tissue in adult spider mites. Our findings describe a new interaction between Wolbachia and their hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the 'one strain, many compounds' (OSMAC) strategy, chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungus Trichothecium roseum resulted in the isolation of trichomide cyclodepsipeptides (compounds 1–4) from PDB medium, and destruxin cyclodepsipeptides (compounds 5–7) and cyclonerodiol sesquiterpenes (compounds 8–10) from rice medium. The structures and absolute configurations of novel (compounds 1, 8, and 9) and known compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic, nematicidal, and antifungal activities, as well as brine shrimp lethality. The novel compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against the human cancer cell lines MCF-7, SW480, and HL-60, with IC50 values of 0.079, 0.107, and 0.149 μM, respectively. In addition, it also showed significant brine shrimp lethality, with an LD50 value of 0.48 μM, and moderate nematicidal activity against Heterodera avenae, with an LC50 value of 94.9 μg/mL. This study constitutes the first report on the cytotoxic and nematicidal potential of trichomide cyclodepsipeptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy (VAT) in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is controversial., Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of VAT in the Chinese population., Methods: This prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, and two-stage study was conducted at 23 centers in Fujian, China (May 2021-April 2022). H. pylori -infected patients were randomized to bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT), BQT-Vonoprazan (BQT-V), seven-day VAT (VAT-7), ten-day VAT (VAT-10), and fourteen-day VAT (VAT-14) groups. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate. The secondary endpoint was the frequency of adverse events. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100045778., Results: In the first stage, VAT-7 and BQT-V groups were selected for early termination because less than 23 among 28 cases were eradicated. In the second stage, the eradication rates for BQT, VAT-10, and VA-14 were 80.2% [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 71.4%-86.8%], 93.2% (86.6%-96.7%), 92.2% (85.3%-96.0%) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, and 80.9% (95%CI: 71.7%-87.5%), 94.0% (87.5%-97.2%), and 93.9% (87.4%-97.2%) in the per-protocol analysis. The ITT analysis showed a higher eradication rate in the VAT-10 and VAT-14 groups than in the BQT group ( P = 0.022 and P = 0.046, respectively). The incidence of adverse events in the VAT-10 and VAT-14 groups was lower than in the BQT group (25.27% and 13.73% vs 37.62%, respectively; P < 0.001)., Conclusion: VAT with a duration of 10 or 14 days achieves a higher eradication rate than the BQT, with a more tolerable safety profile in H. pylori -infected patients in Fujian., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)