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To understand the effects of leaf physiological characteristics on yield during flowering process in oats, this experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021, using nine varieties with different sources, maturity, ear type, plant type, and number of spikelets as experimental materials, and variance analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods are used to analyze the relationship between the yield differences of different genotypes of oats and the physiological characteristics of leaves. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of different varieties. The grain yield of high-yield varieties and lower-product varieties was significantly higher by 73.61% to 4.78%. The contents of GA3, ZR, IAA, SPS, SS activities, net photosynthetic rate, the overall level of leaf sucrose content, dry matter accumulation, and ear sucrose assimilation efficiency was better than those of low-yield varieties. Among them, the lower GA3 content, SPS activity, and net photosynthetic rate product varieties were significantly higher by 49.17% to 13.70%, 33.29% to 4.43%, and 87.88% to 5.72%. The results showed that the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spike, the content of gibberellin in leaves, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, and the net photosynthetic rate had the most significant effects on high-yielding varieties. These results indicated that increasing the number of bearing spikelets and the number of grains per ear can be used as a breakthrough to increase yield, appropriately opening the "source" and delaying leaf senescence to ensure the activity of enzymes and hormones, which had a positive impact on yield in oat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the synergistic effect of water and humic acid on the yield and quality improvement of oats, we set two water treatments of dry farming and limited irrigation, respectively, and analyzed the effects of humic acid spraying on photosynthetic characteristics of oat leaves, grain yield, and β-glucan content using the oat varieties Mengnong Dayan 1 and Neiyan 5 as the research materials. The results showed that the application of humic acid at the booting and flowering stages could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of oat leaves. Compared with irrigation, the photosynthetic rate of Mengnong Dayan 1 leaves increased by 31.78%-123.72% in dry farming, while the increased rate of Neiyan 5 leaves was basically the same as that in dry farming and irrigation. The grain yield and β-glucan content of the two varieties were significantly increased by spraying humic acid in dry farming, especially Neiyan 5, which increased by 5.60%-74.68% and 11.24%-19.56%, respectively. Compared with dry treatment, the content of β-glucan increased by 11.30%-33.29% and 7.76%-43.81%, respectively, when HA was sprayed under irrigation. Through the analysis of the correlation between the indexes, the photosynthetic rate, β-glucan content, spike height, spikelet number per spike, grain weight per plant, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were significantly positive correlation of Mengnong Dayan 1, the grain yield, spike height, spikelet number per spike, grain weight per plant, and thousand-grain weight were significantly positive correlation, and there was a significant positive correlation between β-glucan content, spikelet number per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield (P < 0.05). While there was a positive correlation between β-glucan content and grain yield components of Neiyan 5, but it did not reach a significant level. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of water and humic acid can effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of oat leaves, and synergistically increase grain yield and β-glucan content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]