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The stress distribution of pre-stressed anchors is analyzed under actual surrounding rock deformation conditions. The pre-stressed anchor-surrounding rock interaction model is established, and the axial and shear stress distributions of pre-stressed anchors are obtained, and the stress distribution of anchors is obtained. The results show that the factors affecting the axial force and shear stress distribution of the anchor are pre-tightening force, surrounding rock properties, anchor and anchoring agent parameters; in the absence of slip, the axial force of the free section is fixed, the axial force of the segment decreases to zero along the length of the anchor; while the shear stress of the free section of the anchor is almost zero, the shear stress at the beginning of the anchorage increases sharply to the maximum and then decays to zero along the length of the anchor. In the case of slippage, the axial force of the anchoring section needs to be corrected to obtain the stress distribution law of the anchor.