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Rhododendron williamsianum Rehder & E. H. Wilson 1913, is a plant with important horticultural value. Here we report its chloroplast genome. The total length of the chloroplast genome was 205,424 bp, with a GC content of 35.8%. It consisted of a 107,968 bp large single copy, a 2606 bp small single copy, and a pair of 47,425 bp inverted repeats separating them. Within the chloroplast genome, there were a total of 110 unique genes, which included 76 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that R. williamsianum was closely genetically related to R. sutchuenense and R. jingangshanicum. The findings from this study not only contribute to the genetic database of Rhododendron plants but also have implications for evolutionary research within the family Ericaceae.

This article presents a comprehensive study on the emerging near-space communications (NS-COM) within the context of space–air–ground–sea integrated network (SAGSIN). Specifically, we firstly explore the recent technical developments of NS-COM, followed by the discussions about motivations behind integrating NS-COM into SAGSIN. To further demonstrate the necessity of NS-COM, a comparative analysis between the NS-COM network and other counterparts in SAGSIN is conducted, covering aspects of deployment, coverage, channel characteristics, and unique problems of NS-COM network. Afterward, the technical aspects of NS-COM, including channel modeling, random access, channel estimation, array-based beam management, and joint network optimization, are examined in detail. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of NS-COM, such as structural expansion in SAGSIN communication, civil aviation communication, remote and urgent communication, weather monitoring, and carbon neutrality. Finally, some promising research avenues are identified, including stratospheric satellite-to-ground direct links for mobile terminals, reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output and holographic multiple-input multiple-output, federated learning in NS-COM networks, maritime communication, electromagnetic spectrum sensing and adversarial game, integrated sensing and communications, stratospheric-satellite-based radar detection and imaging, NS-COM-assisted enhanced global navigation system, NS-COM-assisted intelligent unmanned system, and free-space optical communication. Overall, this paper highlights that the NS-COM plays an indispensable role in the SAGSIN puzzle, providing substantial performance and coverage enhancement to the traditional SAGSIN architecture.

Abstract Once the short circuit damage accident of a large capacity 500 kV transformer occurs suddenly, it will seriously affect the safe operation of the power grid. The article expounds on the calculation principle and evaluation method of the transformer's ability to withstand short circuit, then introduces the design structure of 400 MVA/500 kV short circuit autotransformer and calculates the electromagnetic force and evaluates the ability to withstand short circuit under high voltage ‐ medium voltage (HV‐MV) and medium voltage ‐ low voltage (MV‐LV) conditions. By comparing with typical 110 kV and 220 kV transformers, the short‐circuit characteristics are analysed, the control strategy is proposed, and the largest capacity short circuit prototype with 400 MVA/500 kV autotransformer is developed. Last, the sudden short circuit test is carried out in the large current test centre. The results show that the large capacity autotransformer passed the big current impulse under HV‐MV and MV‐LV short circuit conditions for the first time in the world, and all indicators are good, which confirms the accuracy of the strength check and the effectiveness of the short circuit evaluation method and also proves that the 500 kV autotransformer has strong strength to withstand short circuits.

Background Community-based peer support service is widely and effectively deployed for persons suffering severe mental illness (SMI) in countries with well-developed outpatient mental health systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-year peer service project among persons with SMI implemented in China. Methods A total of 101 consumers (service recipients) and 66 family caregivers were recruited at baseline from communities located in Beijing and Chengdu. Severity of psychiatric symptoms, personal and social functioning, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and medication adherence were evaluated among consumers. Self-esteem, life satisfaction, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed among family caregivers. Participants were reevaluated at 1 year with the same measures. Changes in outcomes from baseline to 1-year follow-up were examined using paired sample t tests or Stuart-Maxwell tests. Results Consumers’ psychiatric symptoms were decreased at 1 year (p

By the field investigation of the metro system, it is found that there is relatively serious corrosion in the terminal of the metro line, and overvoltage protection device (OVPD) often operates when the metro system is in the valley level. In order to analyze the causes of these conditions and alleviate the related problems caused by high rail potential. In this paper, establish a simulation model of metro system by CDEGS software, and consider the influence of the track-to-track cross bond on rail potential. It is analyzed that the causes of high rail potential in the terminal of the metro line and high rail potential operating small number of trains in the metro line. And it is analyzed that the influence on the rail potential of metro line, the influence on OVPD outside the power supply section, the influence on the station grounding gird where the OVPD is, caused by OVPD operation. The results show that the rail potential can be reduced to some extent by setting the track-to-track cross bond. No traction power substation (TPS) in the terminal of the metro line increases the rail potential. When the braking train supplies power to the accelerating train outside the power supply section in the metro line, the rail potential of some part of the line increases. The OVPD operation increases the ground potential around the station grounding gird, and may lead to the continuous operation of other OVPD in the metro line.

Humidity sensors are widely used in various fields of life. In meteorological detection, the sensor must have high sensitivity and fast dynamic response time due to extreme environmental interference. However, the sensitive mechanism of the humidity sensor determines that the dynamic response time will inevitably be increased while improving the sensitivity, which undoubtedly creates difficulties for sensor design. This article takes the interdigitated capacitive humidity sensor as the research object and proposes an optimal design scheme for the sensor that considers high dynamic response time and sensitivity. By constructing the sensor’s theoretical mathematical model, the influence of each structure is analyzed. The theoretical model has been verified by finite element simulation to have an accuracy higher than 95%. The article constructs the sensor optimization objective equation based on this model. Through analysis, within the range of structural parameters set in the article, to improve the sensitivity and reduce the dynamic response time of the sensor, the width and spacing of the interdigital electrodes should have a minimum value of 3 μm and a maximum value of 14 μm, respectively. The thickness of the electrode layer and the moisture-sensitive layer should be flexibly adjusted according to the application to ensure the lowest value of the optimization objective function. To further improve the sensor’s performance, the article optimizes the electrode structure and heating strategy of the sensor heating layer, which not only enhances the uniformity of heat transfer but also increases the optimal heat transfer area by 6% compared with the traditional scheme.

To meet the needs of a large number of high-altitude meteorological detections, we need to perform fast, high-precision, and high-reliability calibrations of the sensors in the atmospheric detection system (ADS). However, using the traditional method to calibrate the sensor with high precision often takes a lot of time and increases the cost of workforce and material resources. Therefore, a method for realizing fast sensor calibration under the current system hardware conditions is required. A physical field model of Tube–Air–ADS is proposed for the first time, and the transfer function is obtained by combining the system identification, which provides the possibility for dynamic analysis of the calibration system. A Multi-Criteria Adaptive (MCA) PID controller design method is proposed, which provides a new idea for the parameter design of the controller. It controls the amplitude and switching frequency of the controller’s output signal, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the calibration system. Combined with the hardware parameters of the system, we propose the Variable Precision Steady-State Discrimination (VPSSD) method, which can further shorten the calibration time. Comparing and analyzing the current simulation results under Matlab/Simulink, the proposed MCA method, compared with other PID controller design methods, ensures the stable operation of the calibration system. At the same time, compared with the original system, the calibration time is shortened to 47.7%. Combined with the VPSSD method, the calibration time further shortens to 38.7 s.

Hemophilia A (HA), a common bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), has long been considered an attractive target for gene therapy studies. However, full-length F8 cDNA cannot be packaged efficiently by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. As the second most prevalent mutation causing severe HA, F8 intron 1 inversion (Inv1) is caused by an intrachromosomal recombination, leaving the majority of F8 (exons 2–26) untranscribed. In theory, the truncated gene could be rescued by integrating a promoter and the coding sequence of exon 1. To test this strategy in vivo, we generated an HA mouse model by deleting the promoter region and exon 1 of F8. Donor DNA and CRISPR/SaCas9 were packaged into AAV vectors and injected into HA mice intravenously. After treatment, F8 expression was restored and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was shortened. We also compared two liver-specific promoters and two types of integrating donor vectors. When an active promoter was used, all of the treated mice survived the tail-clip challenge. This is the first report of an in vivo gene repair strategy with the potential to treat a recurrent mutation in HA patients.

Abstract Background Upregulation of RNA polymerase (Pol) III products, including tRNAs and 5S rRNA, in tumor cells leads to enhanced protein synthesis and tumor formation, making it a potential target for cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of Pol III transcription by triptolide and the anti-cancer effect of this drug in colorectal tumorigenesis. Methods The effect of triptolide on colorectal cancer development was assessed in colorectal cancer mouse models, 3D organoids, and cultured cells. Colorectal cancer cells were treated with triptolide. Pol III transcription was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The formation of TFIIIB, a multi-subunit transcription factor for Pol III, was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Results Triptolide reduced both tumor number and tumor size in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mutated (ApcMin/+) mice as well as AOM/DSS-induced mice. Moreover, triptolide effectively inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and organoid growth in vitro, which was associated with decreased Pol III target genes. Mechanistically, triptolide treatment blocked TBP/Brf1interaction, leading to the reduced formation of TFIIIB at the promoters of tRNAs and 5S rRNA. Conclusions Together, our data suggest that inhibition of Pol III transcription with existing drugs such as triptolide provides a new avenue for developing novel therapies for colorectal cancer.

The state-of-health (SOH) is a critical parameter to determine the degradation degree of lithium-ion batteries, thus plays an important part in energy management problems of electric vehicles (EVs). Due to the estimation dispersion of health indicators, it is difficult to monitor conveniently and robustly the SOH of on-board batteries. In this paper, a health monitoring method for the application of battery management system (BMS) has been presented to solve this issue. First of all, the necessity of multiple indicators (MIs) is demonstrated through the analysis of estimation dispersion of single indicator (SI), and three health indicators are extracted from actual operating conditions of EVs. After that, the mixed membership function (MMF) according to fuzzy logic theory is applied to integrate the estimation effects of different health indicators. Then, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) using dispersion information of health indicators is introduced to calculate the weight coefficient of each indicator. Finally, the performance and robustness of the proposed method have been verified by numerous experiments. The results indicate the average estimation errors of five tested batteries are less than 3%, and the influences of estimation dispersion are largely eliminated when compared with the SI-based and other MIs-based methods.

In this paper, the static and dynamic characteristics of the MXene-based IDE capacitive humidity sensor are investigated through theoretical modeling and simulation. It is found that the capacitance increases according to the thickness of the sensing film within a certain range while stopping increases along with the growth of the thickness when the thickness is over a threshold. When the thickness is at a tiny level, a larger thickness does not lead to a significant increase in the response time due to the diffusion mechanism of water molecules. When the thickness increases to certain extent, there is an evident relationship between the response time and the change of thickness. For the humidity-sensitive film, under the same relative humidity conditions, the capacitance has a positive correlation with temperature, and the response time shows the opposite trend. Subsequent studies on the sensitive mechanisms of MXene materials explain these phenomena and demonstrate the accuracy of the model. This provides a more accurate method for sensor design. The properties of the MXene capacitive humidity sensor can be optimized by changing its structure and adjusting material parameters.

Sorting nexins are a conserved protein family involved in many cellular processes in fungi, and the function of sorting nexin Snx4 (Atg24) and Snx41 (Atg20) in Cochliobolus heterostrophus was not clear. The ΔChsnx4 and ΔChsnx41 mutants were generated by a PCR-based marker method to determine the roles of Snx4 and Snx41 in reproductive development, stress adaption, and virulence in C. heterostrophus. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔChsnx4 and ΔChsnx41 mutants exhibited obvious changes in vegetative growth and in morphology of conidia. In addition, the conidiation, appressorium formation, and virulence of snx4 and snx41 mutants were dramatically reduced. Moreover, ΔChsnx4 and ΔChsnx41 mutants were more sensitive to oxidative stress (menadione and H2O2), cell wall integrity stress (Congo red and calcofluor white), fungicides, and isothiocyanates. All the phenotypes mentioned above were restored in complemented strains. In addition, ChSnx4 and ChSnx41 were proven to interact with each other through yeast two-hybrid. Taken together, these findings indicated that ChSNX4 and ChSNX41 were important for fungal growth, asexual development, stress adaption, and virulence in C. heterostrophus.

The rapid popularity of mobile shopping makes people’s lives more convenient, but it also makes it easier for customers to change providers. How to use marketing stimulus to retain customers has become an urgent concern for mobile sales companies. However, the theoretical researches in this field are not enough. For this reason, this study used the methods of literature review and structural equation to explore the effects of mobile marketing design factors on the continual intention of consumers in mobile shopping by using the S-O-R model and its extended theories. The conclusions of the research showed that interface quality of mobile sales terminal and integrity of mobile sales terminal had significant positive impacts on consumption emotion; sales promotion in mobile sales terminal had a significant positive impacts on continual intention of mobile shopping; consumption emotion had a significant positive effect on continual intention of consumers in mobile shopping; consumption emotion played a significant mediating role in the relationship between interface quality of mobile sales terminal and continual intention of mobile shopping and between integrity of mobile sales terminal and continual intention of mobile shopping. The conclusions could not only enrich the theories of mobile shopping behavior but also provide guidance for companies to carry out mobile marketing activities and allocate marketing resources rationally.

Studies have substantiated that the vibration and noise produced by the iron core of an electromagnetic device are closely related to the magnetostriction of the iron core silicon steel sheet. Moreover, when the induction motor works under the condition of frequency conversion, the symmetry of the core silicon steel sheet will change, and the distribution of the vibration and noise field of the motor will be asymmetric, which will aggravate the vibration and noise. This paper completes the experimental measurement and analysis of the electromagnetic characteristics and magnetostrictive characteristics of silicon steel sheets. The magnetic field of a 1140 V/75 kW variable-frequency motor is calculated analytically based on the analytical method, and the stator/rotor magnetic induction intensity and permeance are calculated separately to obtain the air gap magnetic density and the radial electromagnetic force. The vibration and noise of the 1140 V/75 kW variable-frequency motor are analyzed by the finite element method, while the magnetization curve and magnetostrictive characteristic curve of a silicon steel sheet under different conditions are considered. An experimental platform is built to measure and analyze the vibration displacement and acceleration of the variable frequency motor, which verifies the correctness of the proposed scheme. Considering the influence of the magnetostrictive effect will make the result of calculating the vibration and noise of variable-frequency motors more accurate.

The FDS (Frequency-domain Dielectric Spectroscopy) of oil-immersed insulation paper, and semi-conductive paper with different moisture content, has been measured. The data measured are fitted as a function of frequency and moisture content using the amendatory Cole–Cole model utilizing the least square technique. Then, the broadband MTL model of the insulation system of IOCT (Inverted-type Oil-immersed Current Transformer) is established considering the capacitive electrodes thin layer, and the distribution parameters consider the moisture and frequency dependence. A new method for VFTO (Very Fast Transient Overvoltage) distribution calculation of insulation systems is proposed.

Since the transmission distance of submarine cable transmission is inversely proportional to the input frequency, to solve the problem of large losses in the transmission process of offshore wind power, this paper proposes a three-frequency transformer which enables the output of 50 Hz at the input of 50/3 Hz excitation. In this paper, the magnetic flux of a three-dimensional wound core transformer is analytically modeled, the existing condition of magnetic flux harmonics of a three-dimensional wound core transformer is analyzed, the distribution of harmonic content in magnetic flux is obtained, and the principle of realizing frequency conversion is expounded. Secondly, the finite element analysis of the frequency converter is carried out. Finally, a prototype of a frequency transformer is made and tested to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme.

This article describes the simulation and experimental determination of the oscillation modes of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF). The authors use the SolidWorks software to create a suitable model which is a double U-type of CMF. Based on SolidWorks software, the authors established the double-U tube model for CMF, adopted ANSYS-Workbench simulation software to make the modal analysis, and the exciting mode and Coriolis force mode of CMF are obtained by simulation. According to the results of modal analysis, the authors made the harmonic response analysis of the Flowmeter, got the displacement amplitude of the U-shaped tube excited by different frequency loads under the exciting force, and the maximum displacement amplitude at the resonant frequency was determined. Next, the authors use a laser vibrometer to perform an experimental modal test on the flowmeter. The result of the simulation of the finite element model was verified by modal test of the flowmeter. Provides an effective reference for CMF modelling and simulation in the future.

Previous studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer (PC). In particular, new-onset diabetes might be induced by PC, and people with long-term diabetes might be at increased risk for the development of PC. The purpose of our study was to examine whether long-term diabetes represented an independent risk factor for PC development.A literature search was performed by searching electronic databases for studies published before July 1, 2014, and relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Data pertaining to diabetes were recorded at both individual and study levels, with RRs calculated separately to analyze the relationship between the duration of diabetes and the development of PC.Forty-four studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 18 studies with a case-control design, 5 with a nested case-control design and 21 with a cohort design. The overall summary estimate for the relationship between the population with a duration of diabetes ≥2 years and PC was 1.64 (1.52-1.78). The pooled RR (95% CI) of PC for the population with a duration of diabetes ≥5 years was 1.58 (1.42-1.75). For the population with a duration of diabetes ≥10 years, the RR (95% CI) of PC was 1.50 (1.28-1.75).Our study suggests that long-term diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of PC. However, the level of risk is negatively correlated with increasing diabetes mellitus duration.

Optical satellite imaging for surface water mapping often encounters significant challenges owing to persistent spatial data gaps caused by clouds, shadows, and sensor errors. This study presents a novel Stepwise Gap-Filling (SGF) method, designed to enhance the monthly surface water mapping and monitoring. The SGF method leverages temporal similarities and spatial correlations to reconstruct gap pixels originally classified as invalid observations. We validated this approach against historical high-resolution Google Earth images from 2887 sample points in the Siling Co Basin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results demonstrated substantial improvements in mapping accuracy, achieving an overall accuracy of 98.93%, a producer’ accuracy of 98.59%, and a user’ accuracy of 99.11%, markedly reducing the uncertainties in the original dataset. Importantly, the SGF method offers detailed insights into monthly surface water dynamics, which are closely aligned with annual trends. This study highlights the effectiveness of the SGF method for filling data gaps and its potential for widespread application in the monitoring and management of global water resources.

With the ongoing process of globalization and the rapid expansion of the global economy, the proliferation of coastal constructions and infrastructures has witnessed a notable surge. These structures often encounter a confluence of environmental stressors in practical engineering, including cyclic fatigue loading, chloride salt erosion, and freeze-thaw cycles. These synergistic factors accelerate concrete’s failure, resulting in accelerated deterioration and significantly reduced durability. A comprehensive understanding of the damage characteristics of concrete materials in offshore environments, under the multi-factor coupled action of freeze-thaw phenomena, along with an assessment of their residual strength, is crucial for the development of relevant structural analysis and lifetime prediction models. To address this, twenty-seven dedicated specimens were designed and fabricated for this investigation. They were employed to scrutinize the residual strength of concrete under the combined influences of fatigue, freeze-thaw, and chloride penetration. Nine distinct multi-factor coupling actions were meticulously devised and characterized by different parameters. Following the multi-factor coupling action, tests were conducted to assess the residual flexural and compressive strengths, as well as the chloride ion content near the specimen edges. The findings revealed a substantial negative correlation between the residual flexural and compressive strengths with both the number of freeze-thaw cycles and fatigue loading iterations. In contrast, chloride ion concentration and the stress level of fatigue loading (stress ratio: 0.1–0.3) exhibited a comparatively marginal influence. Despite the relatively short test duration, it was evident that both freeze-thaw cycles and fatigue loading exerted a discernible promotional effect on chloride ion ingress in the concrete of the specimens.

Mine borehole vertical rescue technology is a fast and efficient means of emergency rescue in mines, which plays a key role in previous mine accident rescue. The principle of mine borehole vertical rescue technology is explained, and the advantages of this technology, such as long distance, high efficiency and non-contact, are analyzed. The main rescue process and main success factors of Wangjialing Coal Mine water inrush accident, Pingyi gypsum mine accident and Qixia Hushan gold mine accident are summarized and analyzed. Some thoughts on the limitations of existing rapid hole-forming methods and personnel positioning detection technologies are presented, and the development prospects of borehole vertical rescue technology are prospected. It is pointed out that the main research directions of mine borehole rescue technology in China in the future include: building a long-distance, high-precision and high-efficiency positioning system for trapped personnel in disaster-stricken mines, studying the rapid and accurate safe hole-forming technology and wall-penetrating detection technology for mine borehole rescue, improving the mine borehole rescue plan, and popularizing the knowledge of rescue and survival.

Abstract Background There is a need to develop and validate a widely applicable nomogram for predicting readmission of respiratory failure patients within 365 days. Methods We recruited patients with respiratory failure at the First People’s Hospital of Yancheng and the People’s Hospital of Jiangsu. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to select significant features for multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. The Random Survival Forest algorithm was employed to construct a model for the variables that obtained a coefficient of 0 following LASSO regression, and subsequently determine the prediction score. Independent risk factors and the score were used to develop a multivariate COX regression for creating the line graph. We used the Harrell concordance index to quantify the predictive accuracy and the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate model performance. Additionally, we used decision curve analysiso assess clinical usefulness. Results The LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen hemoglobin, diabetes and pneumonia as risk variables combined with Score to develop a column chart model. The C index is 0.927 in the development queue, 0.924 in the internal validation queue, and 0.922 in the external validation queue. At the same time, the predictive model also showed excellent calibration and higher clinical value. Conclusions A nomogram predicting readmission of patients with respiratory failure within 365 days based on three independent risk factors and a jointly developed random survival forest algorithm has been developed and validated. This improves the accuracy of predicting patient readmission and provides practical information for individualized treatment decisions.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths because of the lack of early specific clinical indicators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become the focus in lung cancer diagnosis. Further studies are required to explore miRNA expression in the serum of lung adenocarcinoma patients and their correlation with therapy and analyse specific messenger RNA targets to improve the specificity and sensitivity of early diagnosis. Methods: The Toray 3D-Gene miRNA array was used to compare the expression levels of various miRNAs in the sera of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and healthy volunteers. Highly expressed miRNAs were selected for further analysis. To verify the screening results, serum and pleural fluid samples were analysed using qRT-PCR. Serum levels of the miRNAs and their correlation with the clinical information of patients with lung adenocarcinoma were analysed. The functions of miRNAs were further analysed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes and Gene Ontology databases. Results: Microarray analysis identified 60 and 50 miRNAs with upregulated and downregulated expressions, respectively, in the serum of patients with lung adenocarcinoma compared to those in healthy individuals. Using qRT-qPCR to detection of miRNAs expression in the serum or pleural effusion of patients with early and advanced lung adenocarcinoma, we found that miR-4433a-3p could be used as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic evaluation indicator for lung adenocarcinoma. Serum of miR-4433a-3p levels significantly correlated with the clinical stage. miR-4433a-3p may be more suitable than other tumour markers for the early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effects in lung adenocarcinoma. miR-4433a-3p may affect tumour growth and metastasis by acting on target genes (PIK3CD, UBE2J2, ICMT, PRDM16 and others) and regulating tumour-related signalling pathways (MAPK signal pathway, Ras signalling pathway and others). Conclusion: miR-4433a-3p may serve as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and monitoring of therapeutic effects.

An oscillating flow past a structure represents a complex, high-dimensional, and nonlinear flow phenomenon, which can lead to the failure of structures due to material fatigue or constraint relaxation. In order to better understand flow-induced vibration (FIV) and coupled flow fields, a numerical simulation of a two-degrees-of-freedom FIV in a cylinder was conducted. Based on the Lagrangian-based dynamic mode decomposition (L-DMD) method, the vorticity field and motion characteristics of a cylinder were decomposed, reconstructed, and predicted. A comparison was made to the traditional Eulerian-based dynamic mode decomposition (E-DMD) method. The research results show that the first-order mode in the stable phase represents the mean flow field, showcasing the slander tail vortex structure during the vortex-shedding period and the average displacement in the in-line direction. The second mode predominantly captures the crossflow displacement, with a frequency of approximately 0.43 Hz, closely matching the corresponding frequency observed in the CFD results. The higher dominant modes mainly capture outward-spreading, smaller-scale vortex structures with detail displacement characteristics. The motion of the cylinder in the in-line direction was accompanied by symmetric vortex structures, while the motion of the cylinder in the crossflow direction was associated with anti-symmetric vortex structures. Additionally, crossflow displacement will cause a symmetrical vortex structure that spreads laterally along the axis behind the cylinder. Finally, when compared with E-DMD, the L-DMD method demonstrates a notable advantage in analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of FIV.

There is a close dynamic coupling relationship between tectonic and mineralization. Long-term research and observation have found that the formation and location of sandstone-type uranium deposits are obviously controlled by the formation of target layer and the subsequent tectonic uplift and denudation events. In order to describe the formation mechanism and process of different types and horizons of uranium deposits in detail and more reasonably, realize the transformation from theoretical model to prospecting model, and establish a new method and approach for target prediction that can be easily applied, a series of studies has been carried out on the uranium deposits (points) around the Kalamari Mountain in the eastern part of Junggar Basin. The study adopts the methods of the basin structural framework division, the research on burial and denudation history and the apatite fission track simulation in the source area. It is found that different types of uranium deposits (spots) in the periphery of the Kalamari Mountain are different products of the same metallogenic system, namely, uplift and denudation evolution. The basin subsidence curve and apatite fission track simulation in the source area show that the eastern Junggar basin has experienced 160−140, 90−70 Ma and about 20 Ma three rapid uplift and denudation stages since the Middle and Late Jurassic. These tectonic events have induced obvious uranium mineralization. The scale and stage of uranium mineralization are controlled strictly by the intensity and stage of tectonic uplift and denudation. In the process of uranium mineralization, tectonic development and evolution play a leading role. Large-scale uranium mineralization is mainly developed in the structural slope zone with a complete mineralization system. For example, the Kamusite progradation (denudation) multi-period same-direction superposition and the Beisantai retrogradation far source uranium mineralization model can often form some large-scale deposits. In general, a large-scale uranium mineralization will not develop in the sections with complex and variable structural forms, such as the piedmont area at the southern edge of the Kalamari Mountain. The summary of the above regional tectonic uplift, uranium mineralization sequence and ore-control combination provide a scientific basis for the prediction of uranium mineralization prospect in this area, and can be applied to the prospecting of sandstone-type uranium deposits in other basins.

Submerged floating tunnels (SFTs), also known as the Archimedes Bridge, are new transportation structures designed for crossing deep waters. Compared with cross-sea bridges and subsea tunnels, SFTs offer superior environmental adaptability, reduced construction costs, and an enhanced spanning capacity, highlighting their significant development potential and research value. This paper introduces a new type of SFT scale model for hydrodynamic experiments, adhering to the criteria for geometric similarity, motion similarity, and dynamic similarity principles, including the Froude and Cauchy similarity principles. This model enables the accurate simulation of the elastic deformation of the tunnel body and complex hydrodynamic phenomena, such as fluid–structure interactions and vortex–induced vibrations. Moreover, this paper details the design methodology, fabrication process, and method for similarity evaluation, covering the mass, deflection under load, natural frequency in air, and the natural frequency of the various underwater motion freedoms of the model. The results of our experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate a close alignment, proving the reliability of the new SFT scale model. The frequency distribution observed in the white noise wave tests indicates that the SFT equipped with inclined mooring cables experiences a coupled interaction between horizontal motion, vertical motion, and rotation. Furthermore, the design methodology of this model can be applied to other types of SFTs, potentially advancing technical progress in scale modeling of SFTs and enhancing the depth of SFT research through hydrodynamic experiments.

To solve the problems of large fluctuation of photovoltaic output power affecting the safe operation of the power grid, a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration strategy based on the improved Harris hawks optimization algorithm optimizing variational mode decomposition (IHHO-VMD) is proposed. In this strategy, the improved Harris hawk optimization algorithm is used to adaptively select k and α in VMD parameters and decompose the photovoltaic output power and distinguish between correlated and uncorrelated modes. Similarly, the moving average method (MA) is used to extract the continuous component signal in the uncorrelated mode, and it is reconstructed with the related mode as the grid-connected power that meets the national standard. The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is used to stabilize the fluctuation component signal. The minimum annual configuration cost of the energy storage system is established as the objective function. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm reduces the cost of the hybrid energy storage system by 6.15% compared with the original algorithm, suppresses the power fluctuation, and improves the economy and stability of the system.

Bridge cables under traffic loads are more prone to failure during the service life due to the corrosion–fatigue coupling effect. In this study, a novel lifespan model based on the equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) theory is established to analyze the various stages of the lifespan of steel wires. Additionally, a comprehensive corrosion-fatigue lifespan calculation method for parallel steel wire cable is established based on the series–parallel model. A case study of the Runyang Suspension Bridge is conducted to evaluate the evolution of corrosion-fatigue damage in bridge cables during the service life. The results indicate that under the action of corrosion-fatigue, steel wires are more prone to crack initiation, and their fracture toughness is further reduced. In cases where the corrosion level is relatively low, the steel wires of the bridge cables experience no corrosion-fatigue fracture. When the steel wires have initial defects and are subject to corrosion-fatigue conditions, their fracture lifespan is dependent on the severity of the corrosive medium. The reduction in the service life of the cables under the corrosion environment is much greater than that under heavy loads. This research may contribute to the understanding of corrosion-fatigue damage in bridge cables, involving assessment, maintenance, and replacement for bridge cables.

In order to solve the difficulties of dispatching the regional integrated energy system (RIES) under the operating conditions of multi-energy complementary mechanisms, as well as to achieve the purpose of economic operation and low carbon operation of the system, an optimal dispatching model of RIES, including demand response (DR) and an improved carbon trading mechanism (ICTM), is proposed. Firstly, a demand response model is established, the cooling, thermal, electricity, and gas load models under demand response are built, and then an improved customer satisfaction model is proposed based on the four demand response load models. In addition, since EV trips fit a normal distribution, the charging load of EVs is predicted using a Monte Carlo method and incorporated into RIES as a demand-side load; moreover, for EVs, an improved genetic algorithm is used to optimize EV charging, aiming to reduce the peak-to-valley difference; secondly, carbon emission quotas are provided for systems and EVs based on the baseline method and gratuitous allocation, and a carbon trading model is constructed based on carbon quotas and actual A carbon trading model for the system and EV is constructed based on the carbon allowances and actual carbon emissions; finally, four operation scenarios are set up in this paper, and the unit output scheme is developed with the objective of achieving the lowest total system operation cost and lowest carbon emissions. The four typical scenarios are solved using the MATLAB/CPLEX solver and compared for analysis. The simulation results show that an improved genetic algorithm for optimizing the ordered charging method of electric vehicle charging reduces the peak valley difference by 23.06%, and the total operation cost and carbon transaction cost are reduced by 16.13% and 83.10%, respectively, which can provide a reference for the environmental protection and economic dispatch of RIES.

To aid the magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) of underground ferromagnetic pipelines, this paper proposes a geometric modeling method based on the magnetic dipole reconstruction method (MDRM). First, the numerical modeling of basic pipe components such as straight sections, bends and elbows, and tee joints are discussed and the relevant mathematical formulations for these components are derived. Next, after analyzing the function of MDRM and various element division strategies, the sectional division and blocked division methods are introduced and applied to the appropriate pipeline components to determine the volume and center coordinates of each element, establishing the general models for the three typical pipeline components considered. The resulting volume and center coordinates of each component are the fundamental parameters for determining the MAD forwarding of underground ferromagnetic pipelines using the MDRM. Finally, based on the combination and transformation of the basic pipeline components considered, the visualized geometric models of typical pipeline layouts including parallel pipelines, pipelines with elbows, and a pipeline with a tee joint are constructed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method of geometric modeling for the MDRM, which can be further applied to the finite element modeling of these and other components when analyzing MAD data. Furthermore, the models with output parameters proposed in this paper establish a foundation for the inversion of MAD.

When a pig mounted with permanent magnets gets stuck in the pipeline, it can be located by detecting the magnetic anomalies on the ground using a single-axis magnetic sensor. In order to collect the magnetic anomaly efficiently through single-axis magnetic sensor, a geometric detection model and calculation method for single-axis magnetic anomaly detection is established in this paper. The distribution of magnetic inclination and declination of the measuring points is obtained. The results indicate that the magnetic inclination of all measuring points vary within a small range of 2°, and this value is highly dependent on the magnetic sensor which is configured aboveground around the geomagnetic inclination. However, the magnetic declination at different points of detection surface is subject to the geomagnetic components and the Y-axis component of the magnetic field of magnets. The magnetic declinations distribute irregularly and vary in a wide range. Therefore, to achieve a high-efficiency detection with the single-axis sensor, the sensor shall be placed in such a manner that the magnetic inclination thereof coincides with the geomagnetic inclination. The magnetic declination of the sensor can be calculated using s, the superposed Y-axis component induced by the permanent magnets, and the corresponding formula given in this paper. The article demonstrates the feasibility of locating a blocked pig in the pipeline based on the single-axis magnetic anomaly detection. It will have a practical significance in guiding the engineering detection. Keywords: Pig blockage, Pig locating, Single-axis magnetic anomaly, Magnetic anomaly detection, Optimized installation of sensor

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe respiratory and digestive tract disease of domestic small ruminants caused by PPR virus (PPRV) of the genus Morbillivirus. Although the primary hosts of PPRV are goats and sheep, the host range of PPRV has been continuously expanding and reported to infect various animal hosts over the last decades, which could bring a potential challenge to effectively control and eradicate PPR globally. In this review, we focused on current knowledge about host expansion and interspecies infection of PPRV and discussed the potential mechanisms involved.