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From je imao reputaciju „nerevolucionara”, jer nije bio pristalica nasilne revolucije. Međutim, radikalni sadržaji Fromovog pogleda na svet su prikriveni ispod reformističke odeće, budući da je bio Frojdista (nazivaju ga različito: „neofrojdista”, „levi frojdista”, „frojdomarksista”), a treba naglasiti da je smatrao da je Marks bio mnogo veći od Frojda, jer je Frojd bio reformator, a Marks radikalni revolucionar. From i njegovo delo je malo, skoro nikako, izloženo kritici (mada ima pokušaja). Uglavnom se o njemu krajnje pozitivno govorilo, jer je pridobio „oreol borca za ljudsku slobodu”. Kritika Herberta Markuzea Fromovih ideja u „Erosu i civilizaciji” je najpoznatija. Međutim, s obzirom da je i Markuze pripadnik „Frankfurtske škole” čiji su pripadnici kreirali satanističke društvene promene kojima smo sada svedoci, ta „kritika” ne može da bude pouzdan oslonac. From se, dakle, ne može razumeti bez uzimanja u obzir da je bio pripadnik „Frankfurtske škole”, ali i da je znanje sticao i kod ekstremne „jevrejske“ religiozne organizacije „Habad”, koja je uticala na njegove stavove, a koji se mogu definisati kao trockizam u političkoj psihologiji. From je zapravo primenio sledeći metod: ideologiju „Habada” je uopštio i preneo na čitavo čovečanstvo, tako da kada se „Bekstvo od slobode” (i druga njegova dela) izlože kritici sa aspekta pravoslavne antropologije, tek tada se vide razmere Fromovih stranputica.

Prikaz: Виктор Иванович Ермолович, 2021. Основныи институты гражданского права средњовековой Сербии и стран континентальной Европы (X-XVвв.), Минск: БГЭУ, стр. 301.

The concept of sustainable development in the functional area of the network of the most important settlements is based on the dependence on the settlement environment as well as the development of the entire settlement system in the Zlatibor district. The assessment of the functional development of nodal centres and their impact on the sustainable socioeconomic transformation of other settlements through integrative-incentive mechanisms is based on: the dominant role of nodal settlements as a geospatial factor in the sustainable development of the settlement system of the Zlatibor district; structural and demographic changes within the socioeconomic area; complementarities with settlement specificities; development needs of functional centres; integration into the spatial system of nodal settlements of Serbia; manifestations of differentiated planning and research into the sustainable development of complex geospatial entities. Based on the functional-process approach, the concept of sustainable development of the settlement system was formulated based on the following foundations: elements of the settlement system formed on the basis of spatial-geographical conditions; the main areas of population concentration are urban environments; the high conditionally of the socioeconomic development of the settlement system based on the gravitational-encouraging and polarizing effects of the influence of nodal settlements; from the process of redistribution within the active population, settlement- functional concentration and the development of other settlements result.

The PERFORMANCE I study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the Neuroguard IEP® System, a novel carotid stent system with an integrated embolic filter and post-dilatation balloon, to treat clinically significant carotid artery stenosis.The risk of major adverse events during carotid artery stenting is comparable to carotid endarterectomy, however, the risk of minor stroke remains higher with stenting.In total, 67 patients undergoing carotid artery stenting were enrolled at nine centers in Europe. Follow-up assessments included neurological exams, duplex ultrasound, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and cardiac enzyme analysis. The primary endpoint was the 30-day composite rate of stroke, death, and myocardial infarctions versus a prespecified performance goal. Secondary endpoints included procedure success, device success, and target lesion revascularization.The study population was predominantly male (74.6%) with a mean age of 69.3 ± 8.9 years and 67% of subjects met at least one criterion placing them at an elevated risk for adverse events following carotid endarterectomy. All patients were treated successfully with the study device. There were no deaths or strokes within 30 days of the index procedure. One subject (1.5%) experienced a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction at day 17. The primary endpoint was met with a 30-day major adverse events rate of 1.5% (1/67). Through 12-month follow-up, there were no strokes, neurological deaths, target lesion revascularizations, or instances of in-stent-restenosis.Results from this study demonstrate the Neuroguard IEP system is safe and feasible with a stroke/death rate of 0% at 30 days. A large pivotal study is currently underway.

Physical Culture, as a part of general culture, can be defined as a human activity, which, through its knowledge ABOUT and FOR physical exercise within its areas (physical education, sports and physical recreation), allows the transformation of personality from real to possible. Physical Education, as one of the areas of Physical Culture, is therefore a very important educational link. It is particularly important in anera characterized by fast technological advances and technicalism that is rapidly introducing people to virtual reality. Hence, we emphasize that Physical Education, with its knowledge ABOUT and FOR physical exercise, builds the basis for a healthy, active and long life in young people. This is possible due to the fact that Physical Education, based on the Theory of Theoanthropocentrism, sees physical exercise as a beneficial body activity necessary for man and stems from the relationship to a man as a person, not an individual. The increasingly present virtual reality is in complete harmony with the sedentary culture, increasingly dominant not only in Western civilization. This undoubtedly leads to "active" hypokinesia, the root of many disturbing changes and health problems. Anthropological research conducted in Serbia and AP Vojvodina have confirmed that the number of people who regularly engage in physical exercise is decreasing. That is why we point out the importance of Physical Education, which, with its knowledge of how and why to exercise, builds the awareness of the necessity for physical exercise, as well as of the possibility of seeing every physical activity as physical exercise.

SummaryA word, a term, written or spoken is the most beautiful jewel that a civilization can make. It can be therefore said that the specialized terminology of a particular profession – is its jewel. This professional jewel, specialized terminology, reflects not only its present time but also all the past ages it was developed through into a jewel of a culture and its civilizational value.This also applies to the specialized terminology of physical culture that is, the terminology of physical education and sport. It is also the jewel which reflects the present and the past; its developmental path that has always been adjusted to the social circumstances and time it has existed in. Its terminology can provide insight into its development, rises and falls, turns to the prevailing ’’noble’’ ideas, inflow of foreign words into the body of the specialized terminology.Development of the specialized terminology for physical culture that is, physical education and sport includes not only deep consideration and proficiency but also good intentions to make improvements to the profession and not to the current geopolitical (in)conveniences.It is therefore very important to emphasize that search and selection of a term which can indeed reflect the conceptual content in question is neither easy nor automatic. Moreover, if a good intention is missing, then various problems in communication can occur. The Latins described it very well: Nomen est omen.Doubts about terms: physical culture – sport, physical education – sport education, physical exercising – physical activity, physical recreation – sport recreation are just some of the examples indicating that it is necessary to continue the development of the multilingual specialized terminology dictionary for our profession.

Competitive karate activity involves numerous factors affecting performance in sport. Physical structure and somatotype is considered to be one of them. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences between karate athletes in five male and five female official weight categories in different anthropometric measurements and to determine the somatotype profiles of athletes divided by weight categories. This study consisted of a total of 27 male karate athletes (21.88 ± 4.66 years) and 24 female karate athletes (20.29 ± 3.14 years). Measurements were taken in April 2020. Athletes are classified into official weight categories according to World Karate Federation rules. Somatotypes were calculated using anthropometry. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis to compare group differences regarding weight categories. Anthropometric parameters were highest in the heaviest categories compared to lighter categories. All male subjects were endomorphic mesomorph, except for category 84 kg. Profiling female athletes, three different types of somatotypes were obtained concerning the weight category. The lightest weight category was predominantly endomorphic ectomorphs, and two weight categories were ectomorphic endomorphs (68 kg). Somatotype differences in the female karate athletes were observed only in the ectomorphy components, between

SUMMARY: This study aimed to consolidate data regarding body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status of the entire young male population from the Municipality of Bijelo Polje in order to estimate trends from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents includes 10,954 young males divided into nine groups. The measurement sample includes body height, body weight, and body mass index based on two previous measures. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while the analysis of nutrition status was done based on body mass index (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The results showed that a secular trend in the observed study period is not visible regarding body height, body weight, and body mass index. The contribution of this study is reflected in the fact that there were no previously published data for this period and this municipality; the data can significantly aid in monitoring the secular trends throughout Montenegro.

Background and Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of basketball players from two competitive levels, elite and sub-elite as well as to make a comparison between them. Material and Methods: Fifty-seven male subjects were enrolled in this study, divided into three groups: fourteen elite basketball players, twelve sub-elite basketball players and thirty-one healthy sedentary subjects (subjects from general population). All subjects were assessed for anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using standardized procedures recommended by previous studies. Data was analyzed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and the LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect effects of each type of sport. Results: The results showed that a significant difference was found in variables height, weight, muscle mass, bone content and body fat, while a significant difference was not found for the remaining variable, body mass index. Conclusions: Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and thus provide knowledges for basketball experts which will help them to select talented players as best as possible.

This research was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes of the consumers from the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina toward advertising through sport for the question how often do consumers purchase sporting goods. The sample included 451 students from Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of sport and tourism in Novi Sad and Chemical, Biotechnology and Medicine Department in Subotica, divided into six subsamples: consumers who do not purchase sporting goods at all, then consumers who purchase sporting goods less than once a month, next 1–3 times a month, 4–6 times a month, 7–9 times a month, as well as consumers who purchase sporting goods more than 10 times a month. The sample of variables contained the system of three general attitudes which were modelled by the seven-point Likert scale. The results of the measuring were analysed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA), univariate analysis (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. Based on the statistical analyses it was found that significant differences occur at multivariate level, as well as among all three variables at a significance level of (p=.000). Hence, it is interesting to highlight that it was found that significant differences showed up between the consumers who purchase sporting goods. The significant differences were found in two out of three variables, while the consumers who purchase sporting goods less than 3 times a month had much more negative attitudes toward advertising through sport.

SUMMARY: The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from shoulder blade length measurements. The sample in this research comprised 1001 adolescents, all of whom were in their final year of high school (504 males and 497 females) among the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and shoulder blade length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically. Linear regression analysis determined the prediction of and shoulder blade length on the criterion variable a body height at the significance level of p

This study aimed to consolidate the body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status data of the overall young male population from the Municipality of Berane in order to assess the trajectories of those variables from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents included 8740 adolescents who were divided into nine groups according to their age. The sample of variables included body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status, which were presented based on a long-established BMI categorization (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, and obese). The descriptive statistics are expressed as the mean and standard deviation for each variable, the analysis of nutrition status was calculated based on BMI, while LSD post hoc testing with ANOVA was employed to investigate differences between the means. The results indicate that a secular trend is visible regarding body height and body weight, while no trend is visible for the BMI and nutrition status. This study’s contribution is that it provides insight into more recently published data for the studied period and in this municipality, which can significantly aid in following the secular trend throughout Montenegro.

This paper proposes a formal model for expressing policies in digital health. The aim is to support computable expressions of legislative, regulative and organizational policies. The model is grounded in the semantics of deontic logic [1] and in modelling concepts for expressing accountability, specified in the new RM-ODP Enterprise Language standard [2]. An example of privacy consent based on the FHIR consent resource [3] is used to explain the use of these modelling concepts. The example involves multiple stakeholders and illustrates the complexity associated with the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence systems as part of healthcare delivery governed by informed consent policies.

Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants’ adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.

Although absolute jump heights should be considered an important factor in judging the performance requirements of volleyball players, limited data is available on age-appropriate categories. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in specific anthropometric characteristics and jumping performance variables in under−19 female volleyball players in relation to playing position and performance level. The sample of subjects consisted of 354 players who prepared for the U19 Women’s Volleyball European Championship 2020 (17.4 ± 0.8 years, 1.81 ± 0.07 m, 67.5 ± 7.1 kg). Playing positions analyzed were setters (n = 55), opposites (n = 37), middle blockers (n = 82), outside hitters (n = 137), and liberos (n = 43). The results showed player position differences in every performance level group in variables of body height, spike, and block jump. Observed differences are a consequence of highly specific tasks of different positions in the composition of the team. Players of different performance levels are significantly different, with athletes of higher-ranked teams achieving better results. The acquired data could be useful for the selection and profiling of young volleyball players.

The end of the 20th and the first decade of the 21st century are characterized by a technological development which could be described as having revolutionary speed. If we were to look back on the revolutionary events during the 17th and 18th century, in the domain of great scientific changes, changes in industry, agriculture, economy, the organization of social relations (democracy and socialism), we could say that we are witnesses to this sixth technological revolution. All these civilizational leaps forward have conditioned, quite expectedly, big changes in our profession. This has been reflected in the goals which have been imposed by social changes initiated by numerous revolutionary changes. Even though man and his need for physical exercise, as the nourishing food necessary for his being, have remained the same, the circumstances which have imposed different living conditions have required changes in our profession. Naturally, this was reflected in our science as well (which we refer to by different names today). The time we live in, caught up in this new sixth technological revolution, requires a different approach to man and his personality. Now, the question is not only how to "drag" him out of a sedentary culture, but also how to fight the increasingly present physical and intellectual inactivity. Through perfectly guided marketing activities which have been made possible by the implementation of new technological AIDS, man has been drawn into the hedonistic waters of his own inactivity. And unfortunately, he cannot free himself from this skillfully set trap. That is why physical culture and science must be included in finding a means of helping man find his way out of this hedonistic labyrinth and return to his roots.

The various manifesting forms of violence fall into the group of acute problems of contemporary Serbian society. There are multiple reasons for this, which are the consequence of a multi-decade post-socialist transformation, complicated by the pauperization of society, as well as by intense globalization processes. Peer violence is one of the negative features of everyday life and lifestyle of children and youth. Having this in mind, the authors have identified some manifesting forms of peer violence in children and youth sports on the territory of the city of Novi Sad. It concerns the results of the analysis of secondary material (more specifically-legal acts and strategies) which deal with the issue of peer violence in sports. Furthermore, the authors have identified the manifesting forms and intensity of peer violence in children and youth sports through conducting focus-group interviews with coaches and parents of children aged 6 to 16. In addition to peer violence, thanks to focus-group discussions, topics such as coach violence over children, as well as parental violence over (their own and others') children, were mentioned. By researching the population of children, coaches and parents, we have obtained an initial insight into the stated social problem with two compatible views. This is significant because no research group, by the nature of its social roles in sports, has a complete overview of the social problem investigated by the authors. The results of the research represent a contribution to a small number of papers that indicate negative psycho-social consequences in the sports peer group, but also in children and youth sports in general.

A definition of physical culture highlights knowledge OF and FOR physical exercise, which enables transformation of personality from what it is into what it can be. This true in itself - that physical culture employs knowledge to achieve it, hides an array of its possibilities. This knowledge can certainly be of various levels and courses and based on different systems of values. And when knowledge is based on different systems of values, then the transformation of personality - from the real into the possible level can develop in one or the other direction that is, in a positive or a negative direction. At a time when money is a measure of everything, one can readily choose the wrong side in which, according to neoliberalism - everything is allowed. There is no place for orthodox Christian ethics in such environment. This is why we wish to remind you that a lack of orthodox Christian ethics in the science and the profession emerging from the science and supported by global ideas which like a tsunami tear down foundations of civilizational values can lead to worrysome collapse of these basic values. Man would lose most from this collapse. Indeed, our profession is focused on man and his bodily movements - exercise. Therefore, theory and practice of physical culture must be supported by orthodox Christian ethics. In theory, it can be found in theo-anthropocentrism whereas it is an open book in the practice of physical education, sports and recreation; the situation is different. It is because of this diversity that we will look at different approaches both in theory and practice of physical culture.

The aim of this research is to determine the elastic (repulsive) properties of the futsal ball depending on the air pressure in it. Futsal ball of standard dimensions was released on the fl at solid surface from the height of nine meters for four times. At the fi rst release the air in the ball was under prescribed pressure. At the second release the pressure in the pumped ball is reduced by 5%, at the third reduced by an additional 5%, at the fourth reduced by another 5%. The setting of the experiment was carried by cinema shooting of free fall of the prescribed futsal ball and a series of rebounds after the rejection of solid surfaces. One can conclude that the distance crossed and the total duration of four successive bouncing mostly dependent on inner pressure. In this study, the initial speed of a futsal ball was unchanged and only inner pressures were changed. It was determined how much the height of the rebound is reduced and the duration of the rebound, respectively, depending on the reduction of inner pressure. Overall, it can be concluded that the initial speed of the ball can be increased by increasing the inner pressure in the ball.

This research was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes of Podgorica consumers toward advertising through sport among the question how often they participate in sports activities. The sample included 330 students from Faculty of Economics in Podgorica, divided into six subsample groups: consumers who do not participate in sport activities at all, then consumers who participate in sport activities less than ones a month, next 1–4 a month, 5–10 a month, 11–20 a month, as well as consumers participate in sport activities more than 20 times a month. The sample of variables contained the system of three general attitudes which were modelled by seven-point Likert scale. The results of the measuring were analyzed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and univariate analysis (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. Based on the statistical analyses it was found that significant differences occur at multivariate level, as well as between all three variables at a significance level of p=.000. Hence, it is interesting to highlight that it was found there are significant differences showed up between the consumers who participate in various sports activities. The significant differences were found in one of three variables, while the consumers who participate less than 4 times a moths had much more negative attitudes toward advertising though sport.

Physical culture with the man in its centre has always been an integral part of social events and troubles in various times and ages. Regardless the need to adjust its theory and practice to the given requirements and social circumstances of the time it has always been stretched between rationalism and theanthropos-centrism. Rationalism and its right wing the Enlightenment had formed deep furrows in the area of physical culture, (too) since the age of Pythagoras, Epicurus, Plato and later Origen and the Neoplatonists and Descartes' ''I think, therefore I am''. The great Njegoš made a clear judgement of the general effects of Rationalism in his work The Ray of the Microcosm: ''You, Pythagoras and you, Epicurus, ... You have degraded a being a man.'' Indeed, only a glimpse at today's events and the development of sport and physical exercise is enough to prove his words to be true. On the other hand, thenathropos-centrism with its theory and practice bring back hope that not all is lost, when everything is lost (R.P. Nogo). Theanthroposcentrism or, God-man centrism as it can be called, approaches man with Love and belief that physical exercises is divine food for the human being. And that the food is given to him so that he can master the good as gifted from the Creator, to stand firm, get strong and divinized. Therefore, we can say that Rationalism and Thanthropos-centrism are two views of and two approaches to man (even) in modern times. Behind the first one there is pride whereas behind the second one there is Love. It is up to man himself to choose his way.

We present key ethics concerns in digital health and introduce related ethics principles to address these concerns. We propose mappings of these principles into deontic logic concepts to support ethics-based analysis. This provides input into detailed design of deontic and accountability constraints using semantic foundation from the ODP enterprise language standard [1]. We refer to our approach as 'ethics by design' because it aims at explicit inclusion of ethics principles into contemporary software development and tooling. The paper is focused on digital health, but the approach has broader applicability.

Background and Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of soccer players from different competitive levels, elite and sub-elite as well as to make comparison between them. Material and Methods: Seventy-seven subjects were enrolled in this study, divided into three groups: twenty-six elite soccer players, twenty sub-elite soccer players and thirty-one healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for anthropometric measurements required for the calculation of body composition variables using standardized procedures which were recommended by previous studies. Data was analyzed by using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and the LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to discover effects of each type of sport. Results: The results showed that a significant difference was found in weight, body mass index, bone content and body fat, while a significant difference was not found in two remaining variables, height and muscle mass. Conclusions: Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and thus provide knowledges for soccer experts which will help them to select talented players as best as possible.

Introduction/Objective. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an age-related systemic disorder characterized by deposition of fibrillary white flaky material mainly on the lens capsule, corneal endothelium, zonules, ciliary body, iris, and pupillary margin. Zonular weakness progressively increases along with the hardness of the lens, patient?s age, and the presence of glaucoma. The objective of the study is to compare the intraoperative and postoperative complications of phacoemulsification in cataract eyes with PEX with cataract eyes without PEX. Methods. The study enrolled 300 eyes with consequently operated senile cataract and PEX and 300 consequently operated eyes with cataract without PEX who underwent phacoemulsification performed by one experienced surgeon (single-surgeon series). A complete ophthalmological examination of all patients was performed preoperatively, as well as on the first, seventh, and 180th day postoperatively. Results. Significant statistical differences between the observed groups were the following: patients with PXF were older (74.2 ? 8; range 56?82 years vs. 68.1 ? 9.6; range 56?79 years), had smaller pupil diameter, and higher intraocular pressure (IOP) preoperatively (16.1 ? 4.1 vs. 13.8 ? 3.7 mmHg). There were no differences between the groups regarding intraoperative complications. Early postoperative complications were a significant rise of IOP (33 vs. six patients; p < 0.001), more frequent postoperative corneal edema (36 vs. 21 patients; p < 0.036), and anterior chamber inflammation (17 vs. seven patients; p < 0.037) in the PEX group, comparing to the control group. The significant late postoperative complication was elevated IOP (24 vs. five patients; p < 0.0002) in patients with PEX. Conclusion. In the hands of an experienced and careful surgeon, phacoemulsification is a safe and beneficial surgery to treat cataract with associated pseudoexfoliation. The greatest problem a surgeon faces is a narrow pupil and zonule instability, and difficulty in recognizing eyes that are particularly at risks, such as those having glaucoma and phacodonesis.

The history of the 19th century, filled with various social turning points and diverse ups and downs, points equally clearly to the need for organised physical exercising. Naturally, there are various reasons for that, but they could be all classified in three groups: a) as the need - for physical exercise, that salutary food for a human being; b) as politics - due to waging of both the wars of conquest and wars of defence; c) and as ideology - which can be noted in the need for emerging and development of ethnocentric development of physical exercising. As always, people who could see farther and better than others thanks to their education, vision and emphasised patriotism were behind the idea of the need for organised physical exercising. Such people could be found in every part of turbulent Europe and each of them cared for and tried to help in preservation of their own people. In the territories populated by the Serbs we should mention the educators and patriots who raised high the torch of enlightenment working at the times full of challenges and difficult social circumstances. They were Vasa Pelagić, Djordje Natošević and Steva Todorović.

This study presents the results of empirical research conducted with the aim of analyzing differences in the physical activity of children in relation to the socio-economic characteristics of their families. The research was conducted by applying a questionnaire distributed to pupils aged 11-12 years, who live in the city of Novi Sad (the city and the village of Rumenka, Veternik, Kac, Bukovac, Futog). Bearing in mind that the work is a part of a broader research, the authors’ attention was focused on the objective, and the evaluation of the respondents on the socioeconomic status of the family, as well as differences in physical activity among boys and girls, and children who live in urban or rural setting. As dominant in this study stands out the finding of the author that the socioeconomic characteristics of families significantly affect the intensity, form and quality of physical activity of children. Since such a finding puts children living in families with low socioeconomic status into a disadvantaged position, the authors believe that with the findings of this and compatible researches it is needed to familiarize with the wider academic community, in order to include other social institutions in the process of affirmation of physical activity as an important lifestyle quality in children and youth.

(1) Background: Regular physical activity (PA) plays an important role during early childhood physical and psychological development. This study investigates the effects of a 9-month PA intervention on physiological characteristics and motor and cognitive skills in preschool children. (2) Methods: Preschool children (n = 132, age 4 to 7 years) attending regular preschool programs were nonrandomly assigned to PA intervention (n = 66, 60 min sessions twice per week) or a control group (n = 66, no additional organized PA program) for 9 months. Exercise training for the intervention group included various sports games, outdoor activities, martial arts, yoga, and dance. Anthropometry, motor skills (7 tests), and cognitive skills (Raven&rsquo, s Colored Progressive Matrices and Cognitive Assessment System) were assessed before and after an intervention period in both groups. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. (3) Results: Body weight significantly increased in both groups over time. Compared to the changes observed in the control group, the intervention group significantly increased in chest circumference (p = 0.022). In contrast, the control group demonstrated an increase in waist circumference (p = 0.001), while these measures in the intervention group remained stable. Participants in the intervention group improved running speed (p = 0.016) and standing broad jump (p = 0.000). The flexibility level was maintained in the intervention group, while a significant decrease was observed in the control group (p = 0.010). Children from the intervention group demonstrated progress in the bent-arm hang test (p = 0.001), unlike the control group subjects. Varied improvements in cognitive skills were observed for different variables in both intervention and control groups, with no robust evidence for PA-intervention-related improvements. (4) Conclusions: Preschool children&rsquo, s participation in a preschool PA intervention improves their motor skills.

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of junior handball and volleyball players from Serbian national league as well as to make comparisons between them. Sixty-one males were enrolled in the study, divided into three groups: fifteen handball players, fourteen volleyball players and thirty-two healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for the anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using the standardized procedures recommended by established literature. Data was analysed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect the effects of each type of sport. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body mass index, muscle content of body as well as for bone content of body among the groups, while a significant difference was found for body height, body weight as well as for fat content of body among the groups. Volleyball players were significantly taller than handball players and the subjects of the control group. Volleyball players were significantly heavier than the subjects of the control group. The percent of fat content in the body of volleyball players is significantly lower than the percent of fat content in the body of control group. These findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the recruitment

The management of intracranial aneurysms has changed dramatically in recent years. The science and technology advancement have resulted in new therapeutic options for their treatment. There is an increased interest among neurosurgeons to perform endovascular procedures for intracranial aneurysms. This has become a part of the neurosurgical residency in the US. We are presenting our first experience of ruptured aneurysm coiling using stent assisted technique.

The paper presents the most important data on temperature and other microclimate conditions (solar radiation and light regime) in the 127 year old even-aged pure sessile oak forest in the National Park ‘Fruška Gora’ in Serbia. Data collection was conducted in July 2008, using an automatic weather station ‘WS-GP1’ and a luxmeter with a selenium photocell. The study stands are located on the east and west facing sides of a ridge at an altitude of 475m. The slope inclination is 27° and 32°. The canopy is sparse to complete (0.6 to 0.7). The paper presents comparative research results for the eastern and western aspect, which are further compared with the data from the reference weather station ‘Rimski Šančevi’. The intensity and trend of microclimate changes depend on the type of forest, its structure, geographical location, canopy closure and other features. Microclimate research results indicate that during the research period the maximum air temperature of the eastern aspect was 24.8°C, which was 3.6°C below the maximum measured at the reference station. The maximum air temperature of the western aspect amounted to 31.0°C, which was 2.8°C below the value measured in the open. The maximum total solar radiation of the eastern aspect was 769W/m2 (at 11.08), and 634W/m2 (at 15.31) of the western. The research determined that the east-facing stand had the light intensity of 6,766.3Lx/m2, while the light transmission coefficient amounted to 14.8%; the west-facing stand had the light intensity of 9213.8Lx/m2 and the light transmission coefficient of 19.3%. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007: Survey of the impact of the climate change on the environment: monitoring of impacts, adaptation and mitigation]

Morphological characteristics define a man based on his features, usually using appropriate anthropometric measures. Morphological characteristics of this study are based on a bio-psycho-social status of the man in the broadest sense. Monitoring the morphological characteristics is subject to a number of scientific disciplines. The morphological characteristics and their knowledge are used for correct selection and application of physical exercises and proper load determination in training. Morphological characteristics of the long term change primarily in terms of increasing longitudinal dimension. This phenomenon is called the acceleration of growth and development. The aim of the research is to analyze differences in morphological characteristics football players older pioneers and cadets. The sample comprised a total of 60 football players of different age categories FC 'Vojvodina', as follows: older youths (13.5 ± 0.5 years) - 30 members and cadets (15.5 ± 0.5 years) - 30 pts. In order to determine the differences in morphological characteristics of youth football players measured 11 anthropometric measures according to the International Biological Program. Differences in morphological characteristics of youth football players were determined by means of canonical discriminant analysis. The results indicate that these two groups differ in morphological characteristics. Distinguishing groups has contributed most to the difference in body weight.

Introduction. The incidence of chronic hepatitis C and its consequences, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is growing rapidly. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis C treated at the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina and therapy options. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 51 patients (52.9% male and 47.1% female) with chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma treated between 2000 and 2014. The average age of patients was 61.6 years (SD=10.8) and the average duration of hepatitis C virus infection was 30.2 years (SD=11.7). All patients had liver cirrhosis and 43.1% had previously been treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer criteria, stadium A, B, C and D were found in 15.7%, 52.3%, 19.6% and 11.8% of the patients, respectively. The average value of alpha fetoprotein at the moment of making diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was 397.56 ng/ml and the level of alpha fetoprotein was below 20mg/ml in 26% of patients. Tumor resection, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization, systemic chemotherapy and liver transplantation were performed in 13.7%, 3.9%, 1.9%, 1.9% and 5.9% of patients, respectively. Average survival time after the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients included in the study was 1.39 (SD=1.61) years. Conclusion. Ultrasound examinations of the patients with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus infection are obligatory every 3 months. Etiology of every focal lesion in the liver must be clarified, which could increase the possibility of administration of available therapeutic methods.

Natural disasters and their effects have evolved to reflect the complexities of the physical and human environments, and their interactions in the modern world. After the earthquake and the tsunami of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors in March 2011 activists, lobbyist and reporters were quick to expose nuclear technology and demand if not an immediate closure, than at least a gradual phasing out of nuclear power plants. Further research on topics such as the safety of nuclear power plants, the environmental and social effects of radioactive contamination, and the potential of nuclear energy as a world power source has a critical role in this ongoing debate in order to reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and continuing rise in national energy demands for providing powerful motivators in the search for alternative energy sources.