Search

Authenticity is a positive force for adolescent development. Taking middle school students as the main research objects, this paper examines the causal mechanism between state authenticity (SA) and sense of meaning in life through two studies: the diary method and authenticity level increase experiment. In study 1, through the daily diary data tracking investigation of 130 middle school students in daily life situations, the basic psychological needs (BPNs) and satisfaction with life (SWL) play a chain mediating role between state authenticity and sense of daily meaning in life. State authenticity has a one-way prediction effect on sense of meaning in life. In study 2, 140 participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Middle school students in the experimental group were activated to recall the authenticity experience events to enhance the level of personal authenticity, and it was found that the subjects reported a higher sense of meaning in life. This study reveals the causal mechanism between authenticity and sense of meaning of life, which has positive practical significance for exploring ways to enhance the sense of meaning of life of middle school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On cotton farms in western Burkina Faso, draught cattle, which play a vital role (energy, manure, and others) in the sustainability of the farming system, are more affected by the fodder deficit in the dry season. Crop residues from cereals grown mainly in rotation with cotton can play an important role in coping with this situation. This study analysed the availability of cereal stalks for optimal use in animal feed. The study was conducted in nine villages in the Mouhoun and Tuy provinces of Burkina Faso’s western cotton-growing zone and involved 72 cotton farmers, livestock breeders, and agro-pastoralists. Data collection consisted of household surveys and biomass measurements of the main maize, millet, and sorghum plots, using 522 plots of 25m2. The nutritional value of the crop residues was estimated using near-infrared spectrometry. The results showed that the average area sown for maize, millet, and sorghum were 3.8 ± 3.7, 2.9 ± 2.3 and 1.7 ± 1.4 hectares, respectively. Biomass yields were 3.2 ± 1.4, 2.5 ± 0.9 and 4.9 ± 2.6 tons of dry matter per hectare, respectively, with respective animal carrying capacities of 2.0 ± 0.9, 2.0 ± 0.9 and 3.0 ± 1.6 tropical cattle units (TCU) per hectare. The seasonal fodder balances recorded for farmers’ stockbreeders and agro-pastoralists were 0.68, 22.59, and -2.24 TCU, respectively. The average metabolisable energy content (7.55 MJ/kg of dry matter) and in vitro digestibility (46.89 ± 2.57%) of sorghum residues were respectively higher than those of millet (6.56 ± 0.35 MJ/kgDM et 41.83 ±0,88 %) and maize (7.10 ± 0.58 MJ/kgDM et 44.40 ± 0.86%). The total nitrogen content of the cereal stalks was low. They were between 3.16 ± 0.27% and 4.64 ± 0.81% for sorghum and maize harvest residues, respectively, which highlights the need for protein supplementation in the use of these harvest residues on cotton farms. If producers focused more on sorghum, this could improve the supply of fodder and strengthen the integration of agriculture and livestock farming, and hence the sustainability of the production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working environment of tractors is harsh and the working conditions are very complicated. To cope with this complex and changeable working environment, this paper presents a hybrid tractor powertrain loaded with hydraulic mechanical combined transmission (HMCVT). The powertrain can switch modes according to different operating environments. During mode switching, impact loads can cause wear and even damage to the transmission components. Interrupting the power transmission will reduce the tractor's operational efficiency. In this paper, the orthogonal experimental range analysis method was proposed to optimize the quality of mode switching. Mode switching involves interactions between clutches. Orthogonal table L16 (215) was selected to design the orthogonal table head. SimulationX was used for simulation. Employing MINITAB range analysis yielded the optimal results. The simulations indicated a reduction in the output shaft's velocity drop amplitude from 17.647% to 6.591%. The dynamic load coefficient decreased from 2.743 to 1.857. The impact strength was reduced from 14.125 to 5.67 m/s3. The switching time was reduced from 2.13 to 1.71 s. We built a model-in-the-loop (MIL) test platform to validate the results. The MIL test results were compared with the simulation results. Our findings indicate a degree of discrepancy between the simulated and the experimental results, yet the overall trends remain largely consistent. The correctness of the optimal scheme obtained from the orthogonal experiment is verified. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of powertrain mode switching in hybrid tractors equipped with HMCVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wars of the 21st century are not the first media wars, and many tropes and schema have long histories, particularly propaganda and the othering of a purported enemy. What is new today is that although mass media remains a central and hegemonic source of insight and perspective, citizen journalism, social media, spreadable media, and surveillant, data-driven media have grown in significance at an exponential level, adding a layer of complexity. In this article, we focus on disparity in media coverage and make the point that media and information literacy provide a valuable set of lenses from which to view a cluster of news and social media accounts taken from the government, mainstream media, alternative media, and the DIY mediasphere of the social media. It centers on two conflicts that receive little media exposure-the Nagorno-Karabash conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the internal Anglo-Francophone conflict in Cameroon. It also offers examples of classroom activities that could be adapted and modified to most educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The ideal option of food for a newborn's nourishment has traditionally been human breast milk (HBM). Previous studies have demonstrated a connection between the length of exclusively breastfeeding and its preventive effects on several conditions in neonates. Considering the significance of HBM, the study aimed at detecting the expression of microRNA (miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a) in the breast milk cell fraction of women with hypertension. This was a cohort study of 35 postpartum women. Material and methods: Five ml of milk was collected into a sterile container from patients in the morning on the second and third days after the labor. The collected milk has been centrifuged, total cellular RNA has been isolated from cell fraction from the collected milk, isolated RNA has been subject to qualitative and quantitative analysis, next reverse transcription has been conducted, followed by that, evaluation of the expression of the selected microRNA has been conducted using the synthesized cDNA. Finally, the tested microRNA's relative expression level has been calculated. Results: Among patients with hypertension, the analysis of cell fraction of breast milk reported lower mean expression of miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a as compared to patients without hypertension. Strong and very strong positive correlation between the expression of miR126* and miR155, miR126* and miR21, miR155 and miR21, miR 155 and miR29a, and miR 21 and miR29a have been noted. Conclusions: Comparing patients with and without hypertension, it has been noted that patients with hypertension had lower mean expression of miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alteridad: Revista de Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le mil est l’une des plantes alimentaires les plus cultivées au Niger. Cette étude, menée dans le village de Digargo au Niger, a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets combinés du zaï et du nombre de plants par poquet sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du mil. Un dispositif expérimental en randomisation totale avec trois (3) répétitions a été mis en place et deux (2) facteurs ont été étudiés. Le facteur (A) a deux (2) niveaux A1 et A2 où le mil est semé respectivement sur un sol traité en zaï et sur un sol témoin et le facteur (B) nombre de plants par poquet avec cinq (5) niveaux (B1, B2, B3, B4 et B5). Les meilleurs rendements en grains ont été obtenus sur les sols traités en zaï avec trois (3) et quatre (4) plants par poquet, notamment A1B3 et A1B4, avec respectivement 2523 et 2187 kg/ha. D’autre part, l’ACP montre que les traitements A1B3 et A1B4 se caractérisent par un bon rendement en épis, en grains et un poids élevé des mille grains. Le traitement en zaï contribue à améliorer les rendements des cultures et peut être proposé pour une gestion agroécologique de la fertilité des sols. Mots clés: Mil, zaï, croissance, rendement, Niger

The sway frequency is an important component of the dynamic characteristics of trees. Video-based methods can be used to measure the sway frequencies of trees. The key to successfully measuring tree sway frequency using video methods lies in whether the tracking method employed is appropriate. Based on six algorithms, i.e., Boosting, TLD, MIL, KCF, MOSSE and CSR-DCF, the tracking performance and accuracy of tree sway frequency measurements were investigated under two conditions: artificial excitation and environmental excitation. The results show that the following: (1) In terms of the tracking speed of tree sway, MOSSE > KCF > CSR-DCF > Boosting > MIL > TLD. (2) The TLD algorithm is not suitable for tree sway tracking. Boosting, MIL, MOSSE, KCF and CSR-DCF can be used for tree sway tracking. (3) Boosting, MIL and MOSSE are suitable for measuring the sway frequency of artificially excited branches and environmentally excited trees. (4) KCF and CSR-DCF algorithms are not suitable for the measurement of branch sway frequency under artificial excitation conditions but can be used for the measurement of tree sway frequency under environmental excitation conditions. However, it should be noted that this experiment only takes a Betula platyphylla Sukaczev tree and a Betula platyphylla Sukaczev branch as the research object to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of each tracking method, and does not verify the generalization ability of the above methods (on multiple tree species and multiple trees). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the developed curvilinear motion simulation model for a vehicle with two traction electric motors moving on a solid surface used to study the dynamic properties of a wheeled vehicle and to subject the developed methods to virtual testing. The simulation model of the electric all-wheel drive vehicle is carried out in the Simcenter Amesim environment to account for the dynamic characteristics and features of the vehicle. The simulation model was developed based on the drawn requirements while the assumptions were justified. Inertia characteristics, tire characteristics, suspension elements, grip characteristics, and surface and air resistance were considered, as these factors affect the vehicle longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The article presents the model implemented in the "Labcar" system and confirms its adequacy by comparing it with the data obtained during the full-scale prototype tests. The bench and range tests of a test vehicle with electric transmission equipped with a measuring complex confirmed the adequacy of the developed model. The results of comparative tests allow for the conclusion that the developed model complex is suitable for modeling purposes, including studying, debugging and initial calibrations of the algorithm of torque distribution on the driving axles of all-wheel drive electric vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is a positive force for adolescent development. Taking middle school students as the main research objects, this paper examines the causal mechanism between state authenticity (SA) and sense of meaning in life through two studies: the diary method and authenticity level increase experiment. In study 1, through the daily diary data tracking investigation of 130 middle school students in daily life situations, the basic psychological needs (BPNs) and satisfaction with life (SWL) play a chain mediating role between state authenticity and sense of daily meaning in life. State authenticity has a one-way prediction effect on sense of meaning in life. In study 2, 140 participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Middle school students in the experimental group were activated to recall the authenticity experience events to enhance the level of personal authenticity, and it was found that the subjects reported a higher sense of meaning in life. This study reveals the causal mechanism between authenticity and sense of meaning of life, which has positive practical significance for exploring ways to enhance the sense of meaning of life of middle school students.

The working environment of tractors is harsh and the working conditions are very complicated. To cope with this complex and changeable working environment, this paper presents a hybrid tractor powertrain loaded with hydraulic mechanical combined transmission (HMCVT). The powertrain can switch modes according to different operating environments. During mode switching, impact loads can cause wear and even damage to the transmission components. Interrupting the power transmission will reduce the tractor’s operational efficiency. In this paper, the orthogonal experimental range analysis method was proposed to optimize the quality of mode switching. Mode switching involves interactions between clutches. Orthogonal table L16 (215) was selected to design the orthogonal table head. SimulationX was used for simulation. Employing MINITAB range analysis yielded the optimal results. The simulations indicated a reduction in the output shaft’s velocity drop amplitude from 17.647% to 6.591%. The dynamic load coefficient decreased from 2.743 to 1.857. The impact strength was reduced from 14.125 to 5.67 m/s3. The switching time was reduced from 2.13 to 1.71 s. We built a model-in-the-loop (MIL) test platform to validate the results. The MIL test results were compared with the simulation results. Our findings indicate a degree of discrepancy between the simulated and the experimental results, yet the overall trends remain largely consistent. The correctness of the optimal scheme obtained from the orthogonal experiment is verified. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of powertrain mode switching in hybrid tractors equipped with HMCVT.

Nepal has high prevalence of early marriage and remains a patrilocal society with women moving into their husbands' home after marriage. Spousal relationship quality can be an important predictor of health and mental well-being of married women in a patriarchal setting like Nepal but is understudied in this population. We examined the association between spousal relationship quality, mother-in-law relationship quality and mental health among newly married women in Nepal. We recruited 200 newly married women aged 18–25 years within 4 months of their marriage cohabiting with their mothers-in-law and collected four rounds of data at 6-month intervals between 2018 and 2020 in Nawalparasi district of Nepal. Depressive symptom severity was measured using Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression and relationship quality with spouse was measured using Couples' Relationship Quality scale. We fitted a random effects linear regression model to estimate if women’s spousal relationship quality and mother-in-law relationship quality were associated with depressive symptom severity, controlling for socio-demographic covariates and secular trends. We conducted a sensitivity analysis using linear fixed effects and logistic random effects models. Our results suggest that better relationship quality with the spouse was positively associated with reduced depression among women, and greater relationship quality with the mother-in-law was also positively associated with lower levels of depression. Furthermore, our results suggest that the relationship with mothers-in-law moderates the association between spousal relationship quality and depression. This highlights the importance of considering the interplay of these relationships among this vulnerable population who are faced with multiple stressors, including the risk of depression and strained marital relationships. Our results underscore the importance of addressing the role of both husbands and mothers-in-law as key stakeholders in advancing the mental health outcomes of newly married women.

In this article, a hybrid powertrain for the Volkswagen (VW) Crafter is designed using the Model-In-The-Loop (MIL) method. An enhanced Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique based on integral cost functions is developed by carrying out a time-based simulation in MATLAB/Simulink software to realize the optimal fuel economy of the vehicle. Moreover, a comparative study is conducted between the vehicle's hybrid and pure electric versions to assess the optimal battery energy consumption per unit distance traveled. Communication within our vehicles' Electronic Control Units (ECUs) is facilitated by a message-based protocol called a Controller Area Network (CAN). Consequently, this paper presents an online CAN Bus data analysis using the Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) method. This method uses a standard frame, J1939 CAN protocol, implemented with Net CAN Plus 110 hardware. A graphical user interface is developed on a host Personal Computer (PC) using LabVIEW for decoding the acquired raw CAN data to physical values. The simulation results reveal that the proposed controller is promising and suitable for realizing optimal performance over the HIL method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) phenomenon is a temperature enhancement (10–50 K) in a vertical layer (∼10 km) lasting several days and spanning thousands of kilometers within the mesosphere. As MILs govern the mesospheric variability, their study is crucial for a better understanding of the middle‐atmosphere global circulation. MIL phenomenon is also important for applications in aeronautics as perturbations in the mesosphere are significant issues for the safe reentry of rockets, space shuttles, or missiles. However, the description of this phenomenon remains incomplete, since no observations of MIL's effects on winds exist, hampering an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation. This study investigates simultaneous wind‐temperature observations in the altitude range of 30–90 km during MIL events. Strong winds deceleration occurred in the same altitude range as the temperature inversion, confirming the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms. Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric waves propagate from the lower to upper layers, transferring their energy throughout the atmosphere. The mesosphere (50–90 km) is subject to these energy transfers, causing unexpected temperature increases (10–50 K) over a vertical layer (∼10 km). These deviations are called mesospheric inversion layers (MILs). Though largely observed in temperature profiles, the MIL phenomenon remains misunderstood, as MIL's impacts on the wind in the middle atmosphere remain unknown. In this study, we first reported simultaneous wind‐temperature observations between 30 and 90 km during MIL events. We observed a strong wind deceleration in the same altitude range where the temperature increases. This result argues in favor of the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms. Key Points: First simultaneous wind and temperature observations in the altitude range 30–90 km during mesospheric inversion layer eventsAccording to these new observations, there is a strong wind deceleration occurring at the same altitude that the temperature inversionThese results argue in favor of the mesospheric inversion layer's formation mechanism involving gravity wave dissipation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) phenomenon is a temperature enhancement (10–50 K) in a vertical layer (∼10 km) lasting several days and spanning thousands of kilometers within the mesosphere. As MILs govern the mesospheric variability, their study is crucial for a better understanding of the middle‐atmosphere global circulation. MIL phenomenon is also important for applications in aeronautics as perturbations in the mesosphere are significant issues for the safe reentry of rockets, space shuttles, or missiles. However, the description of this phenomenon remains incomplete, since no observations of MIL's effects on winds exist, hampering an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation. This study investigates simultaneous wind‐temperature observations in the altitude range of 30–90 km during MIL events. Strong winds deceleration occurred in the same altitude range as the temperature inversion, confirming the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms.

The paper describes the developed curvilinear motion simulation model for a vehicle with two traction electric motors moving on a solid surface used to study the dynamic properties of a wheeled vehicle and to subject the developed methods to virtual testing. The simulation model of the electric all-wheel drive vehicle is carried out in the Simcenter Amesim environment to account for the dynamic characteristics and features of the vehicle. The simulation model was developed based on the drawn requirements while the assumptions were justified. Inertia characteristics, tire characteristics, suspension elements, grip characteristics, and surface and air resistance were considered, as these factors affect the vehicle longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The article presents the model implemented in the “Labcar” system and confirms its adequacy by comparing it with the data obtained during the full-scale prototype tests. The bench and range tests of a test vehicle with electric transmission equipped with a measuring complex confirmed the adequacy of the developed model. The results of comparative tests allow for the conclusion that the developed model complex is suitable for modeling purposes, including studying, debugging and initial calibrations of the algorithm of torque distribution on the driving axles of all-wheel drive electric vehicle.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging group of nanomaterials for successful biomedical applications in gene therapy. The most commonly biocompatible MOFs are zinc-based ZIFs, zirconium-based UiOs, and iron-based MILs. However, despite increasing applications, a comparative study to underscore the critical factors for determining effective gene delivery by such MOFs is lacking. Herein, we evaluate the potential of UiO-66 and MIL-88B and ZIF-8 for gene therapeutics delivery; revealing the comparative importance of ZIF-8. Cytotoxicity assays proved insufficient for selecting the ideal gene delivery MOF vehicle. Synthesis conditions such as ability of the MOF scaffold to envelop the gene during in-situ synthesis, post-treatment such as washing, and gene loading efficiency proved to be the critical factors in determining the favourable MOF from the material selection perspective. Rapid in-situ synthesis under physiological conditions, successful gene loading, and low concentration requirements favour ZIF MOFs as gene delivery vehicles. Impact on cellular physiology, metabolism, and architecture revealed neutrality of the delivery system; and relative effects on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines suggest immunomodulatory impact.

In this article, a hybrid powertrain for the Volkswagen (VW) Crafter is designed using the Model-In-The-Loop (MIL) method. An enhanced Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique based on integral cost functions is developed by carrying out a time-based simulation in MATLAB/Simulink software to realize the optimal fuel economy of the vehicle. Moreover, a comparative study is conducted between the vehicle’s hybrid and pure electric versions to assess the optimal battery energy consumption per unit distance traveled. Communication within our vehicles’ Electronic Control Units (ECUs) is facilitated by a message-based protocol called a Controller Area Network (CAN). Consequently, this paper presents an online CAN Bus data analysis using the Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) method. This method uses a standard frame, J1939 CAN protocol, implemented with Net CAN Plus 110 hardware. A graphical user interface is developed on a host Personal Computer (PC) using LabVIEW for decoding the acquired raw CAN data to physical values. The simulation results reveal that the proposed controller is promising and suitable for realizing optimal performance over the HIL method.

• Sliding mode controller is designed for BLDC motor torque ripple control in EV. • Effectiveness of the controllers is assessed through various time domain analysis. • Effectiveness of the controllers is assessed through motor performance analysis. • Controller efficiency maps are generated in HIL simulation for designed controllers. • Sliding mode controller outperforms other controllers for EV application. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors and their evolution in electric vehicles (EVs) garner attention for their streamlined operation and control methods, enhancing driving range while reducing energy consumption. The primary objective is integrating sliding mode control to enhance BLDC motor capabilities, efficiently regulating speed and torque. The proposed sliding mode (SM) controller mitigates torque ripple and improves dynamic performance amidst fluctuating loads. Speed stabilization and torque control involve comparing reference and predicted speeds, with error feedback integrated into the SM controller. Integrating real-time rules and numerical data with an ANN (Artificial Neural Network)-Fuzzy self-learning algorithm empowers the SM controller to anticipate and mitigate error rates in the BLDC motor, efficaciously modulating motor torque with minimal ripple. Extensive MATLAB/Simulink model-in-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulations demonstrate SM controller superiority over conventional PID, Fuzzy, and PID-Fuzzy controllers, with a rise time of 0.01 s, steady-state error of 0.001 %, settling time of 0.02 s, and peak overshoot of 0.066 %. Moreover, the experiment results show an impressive 29.41 % reduction in torque ripple and the development of efficiency maps to attain the maximum efficiency of 96.12 %. This initiative substantiates that the proposed SM controller to enhance BLDC motor efficiency and EV driving range across real-time conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials Institute Lavoisier (MIL) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are known for their potential to adsorb gaseous organic pollutants. This study explores the synergistic effects between the selection of central metals (e.g., titanium, iron, and aluminum) and the incorporation of –NH 2 groups in terms of adsorption efficiency against gaseous formaldehyde (FA). A group of the pristine MIL MOFs is synthesized using three different metals (i.e., titanium, iron, and aluminum) and terephthalic acid along with their NH 2 derivatives using 2-aminoterephthalic acid. Among the pristine forms, MIL-125(Ti) achieves the highest FA adsorption capacity (Q) of 26.96 mg g−1 and a partition coefficient (PC) of 0.0898 mol kg−1 Pa−1. Further, amination significantly improves the FA adsorption potential of NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) with a Q value of 91.22 mg g−1 (PC = 0.3038 mol kg−1 Pa−1). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy reveals that the FA adsorption of plain MILs should be governed primarily by physisorption. In contrast, FA adsorption of NH 2 -MILs appears to be regulated by both physisorption and chemisorption, while the latter being affected mainly through FA-NH 2 interactions (Schiff base reactions). These findings provide valuable insights into the utility of aminated MIL sorbents, possibly toward the efficient management of indoor air quality. [Display omitted] • MIL MOFs with different central metals and organic ligands were formulated. • Effects of key variables (e.g., formaldehyde concentration and relative humidity) on MIL adsorption were studied. • NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) was identified as the best performer for FA adsorption. • Chemisorption dominated FA adsorption on aminated MIL MOFs through a Schiff base reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study aims at identifying the level of media and information literacy (MIL) competencies of Language and Communication students in the Philippines using UNESCO's Access, Evaluation and Creation components. A self-report survey of a small sample of university students was conducted and findings show that respondents have an intermediate MIL competency along the three components. But most participants struggled to recognize the concept of metadata and indexing and the practice of creating arguments using evidence and drawing conclusions from information. They also struggle with the application of international standards and requirements for new knowledge creation in an ethical manner. These findings indicate the need for continuous development of language and communication students' MIL competencies as these are vital to the formation of tomorrow's teachers, as well as communication and media professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IDH1 mutation is the most frequent somatic mutation in gliomas, and it has an important impact on the treatment outcome of gliomas. Clinically, the gold standard methods for the IDH mutation detection are the immunohistochemistry and gene sequencing techniques, whereas using the histopathology images of the glioma tissues for IDH mutation identification has not been reported. In this study, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that is trained on histopathology images of glioma samples using multiple instance learning (MIL), which links the benefits of the end-to-end classification power of the deep neural network with the MIL by aggregating the scores of the instances to the bag-level score. The attention layer is also implemented to facilitate the performance of the MIL aggregation. The results show that our MIL-based CNN model has achieved good performance in the classification of the IDH1 mutation in the glioma images, with the area under the curve of 0.84. Besides, several image segmentation strategies, CNN architectures, and MIL pooling operators have been implemented and analyzed to investigate the effect of these settings on the model performance. To our knowledge, it is the first study to identify the IDH1 mutation by using the histopathology images of the glioma tissues, providing a novel and insightful method for glioma IDH mutation diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining soil fertility is a major threat to agricultural productivity and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Niger, where most farmers have few resources and depend on degraded lands. Large-scale adoption of soil fertility management technologies (SFMT) by small-scale farmers is among the proposed solutions, but this remains low because of various constraints. A better understanding of the socioeconomic factors that influence farming practices is needed to adapt SFMT to farmers' use. A survey using semi-structured interviews with 101 household heads was conducted in 2013 in Karabedji, Niger. The influence of household socio-economic factors on soil fertility management practices (SFMP) was assessed through farmers that were involved in demonstration activities as part of a long-term research project (13 years) on the restoration of soil fertility on farmers' fields. The results showed that the farmer's household size was between 9 and 14 people and that the majority of farmers did not attain formal education. Fifty percent (50%) of the non-participating farmers and 69% of the participants of the demonstration were affiliated with farmers' organizations. The proportion of demonstration participants and non-participants having an average farm income of less than 300,000 FCFA (about US $ 600) was 70 to 75%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive effect (P <0.05) of affiliation in FBO on chemical fertilizer acquisition and use of other SFMP, while participation to demonstration activities and resource endowment was negatively associated with the purchase of these chemical inputs. Animal drawn cart possession and average farm income had a positive impact on farmers' SFMP. These results call for increased support towards all initiatives aimed at strengthening local farmer organizations and raising farmers' awareness, in order to improve farmers' access to inputs and use of the SFMT. Further investigations should also be focused on the influence of conditions that can motivate farmers to acquire inputs, such as fertilizer, at the times when they have the means and saving it for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years, international organisations like the EU and UNESCO have set up a number of proposals, models and frameworks that seek (i) to map and to conceptualize digital literacy and related concepts, e. g. information, digital or media literacy, digital competence, digital skills and (ii) to formulate policies and recommendations based on the conceptualizations developed. The resulting frameworks, such as Digital Competence (DigComp) developed by the EU, or Media and Information Literacy (MIL) developed by UNESCO, have a strong formative power on a global scale. Affected are policies, laws, regulations, research activities, and academic disciplines like media pedagogy and mindsets. Do these frameworks consider the effects of disruptive attempts by digital media to intervene in public debates e. g. social bots, fake news and other manifestations of biased or false information online? Do they offer avenues for reflection and action to address them? Guided by these questions, this paper studies the flagship frameworks on digital education of the EU and UNESCO, DigComp and MIL. It finds biases in both frameworks. To different degrees, both tend to overemphasize the practical and instrumental use of digital literacy.

Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat khususnya dalam teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, masyarakat Indonesia perlu dibekali dengan kemampuan menganalisa, mengevaluasi, mengkritisi, dan menciptakan media yang memadai sebagai warga negara yang baik. Kenyataan terkait perkembangan teknologi tersebut membuat peneliti tertarik meneliti kesiapan masyarakat Indonesia khususnya Guru-guru sekolah dasar dalam kaitannya dengan kemampuan literasi media. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang kemampuan literasi media guru-guru sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan instrumen angket untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi media guru-guru sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini melibatkan 127 sekolah dasar yang tersebar di Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat kemampuan literasi media guru-guru sekolah dasar pengguna media sosial umumnya berada pada tingkat menengah.

Abstract Short development life cycle and low cost of cubesat-based mission have motivated the growing number of nanosatellite launched in the last decade around the world. Fast and cheaper space project do not guarantee success in orbit. The lack of good practices on design, assembly and tests has been pointed out as one of the major causes to nanosatellite mission failures. Efforts on the use of verification and validation techniques are required. Because the increased use of nanosatellites missions for technology qualification of payloads on orbit, faulty behavior of those payloads can be expected. However, such malfunction shall not represent a risk to the whole mission. Robustness is an important property of reactive critical system not addressed properly in the cubesat standardization. Although significant mitigation of the interface failures has been observed at hardware level in the integration phase of the payloads with the nanosatellite platform, behavior aspects of the communicating subsystems on the use of these interfaces shall be verified. The test systematization of CubeSat-based nanosatellites supported by proper tools is necessary to reduce the mission development cycle in terms of the time consumed by the verification & validation activities. In this paper we present a failure emulator mechanism framework, named FEM, for robustness testing of interoperable software-intensive subsystems onboard nanosatellite. FEM acts in the communication channel being part of the integration test workbench in two phases of nanosatellite design: (i) robustness requirement specification using model in the loop (MIL) and (ii) robustness validation using hardware in the loop (HIL). The architectural aspects of the proposed FEM framework support its instantiation to any communication channel of the CubeSat standard. As an example, FEM prototype was instantiated to I 2 C communication channel to support NanosatC-BR2 testing. NanosatC-BR2 is a Cubesat based scientific mission, under development and integration at Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), which uses I 2 C communication channel for its payloads interactions with the On-Board Data Handling computer subsystem (OBC). FEM prototype was used to support OBC integration testing with each payload subsystem at MIL scenario aiming at anticipating the robustness requirement verification on the development lifecycle. Moreover, the FEM prototype was also validated at HIL scenario using Test Cases automatically generated. Results of these two scenarios executions are reported demonstrating in a case study the effectiveness of FEM framework in detecting the lack or noncompliance of robustness requirements by the interoperated subsystems under testing. Highlights • The Failure Emulator Mechanism is a framework for a fault injector to support nanosatellite subsystems integration tests. • Thought interface fault injection it is able to emulate failures between two communicating systems. • The tool aims on the use of COTS maintaining the low cost philosophy. • The goal is to have a high portable and flexible fault injector with low intrusiveness at the communication interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salmonella spp. is a major food-borne pathogen around the world. The ability of Salmonella to produce biofilm is one of the main obstacles in reducing the prevalence of these bacteria in the food chain. Most of Salmonella biofilm studies found in the literature used laboratory growth media. However, in the food chain, food residues are the principal source of nutrients of Salmonella. In this study, the biofilm formation, morphotype, and motility of 13 Salmonella strains belonging to three different subspecies and isolated from poultry houses was evaluated. To simulate food chain conditions, four different growth media (Tryptic Soy Broth at 1/20 dilution, milk at 1/20 dilution, tomato juice, and chicken meat juice), two different surfaces (stainless steel and polystyrene) and two temperatures (6 °C and 22 °C) were used to evaluate the biofilm formation. The morphotype, motility, and biofilm formation of Salmonella was temperature-dependent. Biofilm formation was significantly higher with 1/20 Tryptic Soy Broth in all the surfaces and temperatures tested, in comparison with the other growth media. The laboratory growth medium 1/20 Tryptic Soy Broth enhanced biofilm formation in Salmonella. This could explain the great differences in biofilm formation found between this growth medium and food residues. However, Salmonella strains were able to produce biofilm on the presence of food residues in all the conditions tested. Therefore, the Salmonella strain can use food residues to produce biofilm on common surfaces of the food chain. More studies combining more strains and food residues are necessary to fully understand the mechanism used by Salmonella to produce biofilm on the presence of these sources of nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of the long-term oscillations in the middle atmosphere have been investigated using the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature data and Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) data. Results for SABER temperature show that the semiannual oscillation (SAO) has three amplitude maxima at altitudes of 45, 75, and 85 km, respectively, and shows prominent seasonal asymmetries there. The SAOs in the upper mesosphere (75 km) are out of phase with those in the mesopause (85 km) in the tropical regions, which can generate an enhancement of 11 K on average at each equinox, contributing to the lower mesospheric inversion layer (MIL). It is shown that stronger enhancement can be found at the spring equinox than at the autumn equinox. The triennial oscillation (TO) is significant in the tropical region. The spectral peak of the TO is probably a sub-peak of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and is due to modulation of QBO. In addition, there may be potential interaction of the TO with SAO at 85 km at the equator. The relation between ENSO and TO has also been discussed. The ENSO signal may modulate the amplitude of the TO, mainly in the lower stratosphere. The annual oscillation (AO) and SAO are analyzed over Kelan by FPI data. Generally, the amplitudes of FPI wind are smaller than those of the HorizontalWind Model (HWM07). The comparison between FPI and TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) winds shows relatively large discrepancy. This may be due to the tidal aliasing in the nighttime results derived from the FPI data. Results also show that the algorithm to derive FPI temperature needs improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The ideal option of food for a newborn's nourishment has traditionally been human breast milk (HBM). Previous studies have demonstrated a connection between the length of exclusively breastfeeding and its preventive effects on several conditions in neonates. Considering the significance of HBM, the study aimed at detecting the expression of microRNA (miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a) in the breast milk cell fraction of women with hypertension. This was a cohort study of 35 postpartum women., Material and Methods: Five ml of milk was collected into a sterile container from patients in the morning on the second and third days after the labor. The collected milk has been centrifuged, total cellular RNA has been isolated from cell fraction from the collected milk, isolated RNA has been subject to qualitative and quantitative analysis, next reverse transcription has been conducted, followed by that, evaluation of the expression of the selected microRNA has been conducted using the synthesized cDNA. Finally, the tested microRNA's relative expression level has been calculated., Results: Among patients with hypertension, the analysis of cell fraction of breast milk reported lower mean expression of miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a as compared to patients without hypertension. Strong and very strong positive correlation between the expression of miR126* and miR155, miR126* and miR21, miR155 and miR21, miR 155 and miR29a, and miR 21 and miR29a have been noted., Conclusions: Comparing patients with and without hypertension, it has been noted that patients with hypertension had lower mean expression of miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a.

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) incorporated with inorganic or organic paramagnetic ions are a new type of ionic materials having high ionic conductivity, magnetic responsiveness and sometimes integrated with luminescence activity. This material has gained considerable research attention in the past few decades due to its many amazing properties. The MILs overcome many disadvantages faced by traditional magnetic fluids. In this review, we have outlined the important properties, scopes and attributes of this novel class of ionic liquids in various fields such as catalysis, nanomaterial synthesis, extraction process, cellulose dissolution, magnetic separation, gas adsorption, density measurements and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]