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Laser cavity design and characterization plays a crucial role in spectroscopy and development of wavelength standards. Frequency stability of laser is significantly affected by perturbations in environment effects on mirror mounts and fabrication quality of guide ways & mounts. While designing the laser resonator for iodine stabilized helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, linear mechanism of mirror mount is required to vary the cavity length, in order to scan the frequency for spectroscopy. In this investigation, we have designed a shaft consist of straight splines that will be used for the holding and linear movement of the mirror. This manuscript present the design of cavity for a He-Ne laser intended for intracavity spectroscopy of iodine, as well as simulation in octave software for stability analysis, and discussed the dimensional characterization of invar guide ways and spline shaft. Roundness of invar rods used area was measured using form tester (RA- 2200 CNC) and a coordinate measuring machine (3D-CMM, LEGEX 9106) was used for dimensional characterization of spline shaft, and the associated uncertainty of measurement was evaluated as per ISO GUM/LPU approach according to JCGM 100:2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho apresenta um novo parâmetro de qualidade para a geração do bordo de imagens bidimensionais por meio da interpolação spline. A motivação do estudo é definir um parâmetro que permita estabelecer um critério de parada para inserção de dados de imagem e obter uma representação, via spline, suficientemente fiel. O parâmetro é deduzido por um processo iterativo do cálculo entre áreas limitadas por splines cúbicas e lineares após inserção de pontos. Desta forma, após convergência, o parâmetro qualifica a fidelidade da representação computacional da imagem. O código numérico é desenvolvido por meio do software octave, e algumas imagens foram geradas validando o novo parâmetro.

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, an immense amount of sensing devices are obtained and produce various sensory data over time for a wide range of disciplines and applications. These devices will result in significant, fast, and real-time data streams based on the utilization characteristics. Utilizing analytics over such data streams to identify new information, model future insights, and make control decisions is a necessary process that makes IoT a worthy paradigm for businesses and a quality-of-life improving technology. This paper presents a study of digital agriculture and its significance in terms of the application of an IoT-based device — a two-wheeled self-balancing robot — followed by a thorough procedural explanation of the development of the device, which begins with the mathematical modeling of the system through the Euler–Lagrange method to obtain the equations of motion for the same and linearize the equation to define the control method to be used to balance the robot structure, all based on the concept of the inverted pendulum. Then paper discusses the suitable and the most efficient control method, which is the linear quadratic regulator (LQR), for these robots. Then deep learning-based LQR (DL-LQR) method is implemented in the robots performing the algorithm to balance it successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified elements in a simple homemade gambus from a local crafter using a scientific approach. The gambus was made from geronggang wood (Cratoxylum arborescens), a light Malaysian hardwood with pink sapwood, distinct from the heartwood with brick-red or deep pink. The sound was processed to generate fast Fourier transform (FFT) and time-frequency analysis (TFA) using PicoScope and Adobe Audition software, respectively. The gambus A 1st string (note C4#) displayed a harmonic overtone at the 1st and 2nd octave. The 2nd string (note A3) showed harmonic overtone at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd octave. The 3rd string (note D3#) showed a significant fundamental peak and harmonic overtone at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th octave. The 4th string (note A2#) displayed consistent harmonic overtones at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th octave. The 5th string (note E2) had a harmonic overtone at the 5th octave. Gambus A showed an inconsistent signal in the 6th string (note D2#) with inharmonic overtone at 3.35th and 6.79th overtones. The gambus A 1st to 6th strings are C4#, A3, D3#, A2#, E2, and D2#, respectively. The gambus B 1st to 6th strings are C4, G3, D3, A3, E3, and B2, respectively.

UComp is a powerful library for building unobserved components models, useful for forecasting and other important operations, such us de-trending, cycle analysis, seasonal adjustment, signal extraction, etc. One of the most outstanding features that makes UComp unique among its class of related software implementations is that models may be built automatically by identification algorithms (three versions are available). These algorithms select the best model among many possible combinations. Another relevant feature is that it is coded in C++, opening the door to link it to different popular and widely used environments, like R, MATLAB, Octave, Python, etc. The implemented models for the components are more general than the usual ones in the field of unobserved components modeling, including different types of trend, cycle, seasonal and irregular components, input variables and outlier detection. The automatic character of the algorithms required the development of many complementary algorithms to control performance and make it applicable to as many different time series as possible. The library is open source and available in different formats in public repositories. The performance of the library is illustrated working on real data in several varied examples.

This study identified elements in a simple homemade gambus from a local crafter using a scientific approach. The gambus was made from geronggang wood (Cratoxylum arborescens), a light Malaysian hardwood with pink sapwood, distinct from the heartwood with brick-red or deep pink. The sound was processed to generate fast Fourier transform (FFT) and time-frequency analysis (TFA) using PicoScope and Adobe Audition software, respectively. The gambus A 1st string (note C4#) displayed a harmonic overtone at the 1st and 2nd octave. The 2nd string (note A3) showed harmonic overtone at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd octave. The 3rd string (note D3#) showed a significant fundamental peak and harmonic overtone at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th octave. The 4th string (note A2#) displayed consistent harmonic overtones at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th octave. The 5th string (note E2) had a harmonic overtone at the 5th octave. Gambus A showed an inconsistent signal in the 6th string (note D2#) with inharmonic overtone at 3.35th and 6.79th overtones. The gambus A 1st to 6th strings are C4#, A3, D3#, A2#, E2, and D2#, respectively. The gambus B 1st to 6th strings are C4, G3, D3, A3, E3, and B2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we develop a simple mathematical GNU Octave/MATLAB code that is easy to modify for the simulation of mathematical models governed by fractional-order differential equations, and for the resolution of fractional-order optimal control problems through Pontryagin's maximum principle (indirect approach to optimal control). For this purpose, a fractional-order model for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is considered. The model is an improvement of one first proposed by the authors in 2018. The initial value problem associated with the RSV infection fractional model is numerically solved using Garrapa's fde12 solver and two simple methods coded here in Octave/MATLAB: the fractional forward Euler's method and the predict-evaluate-correct-evaluate (PECE) method of Adams–Bashforth–Moulton. A fractional optimal control problem is then formulated having treatment as the control. The fractional Pontryagin maximum principle is used to characterize the fractional optimal control and the extremals of the problem are determined numerically through the implementation of the forward-backward PECE method. The implemented algorithms are available on GitHub and, at the end of the paper, in appendixes, both for the uncontrolled initial value problem as well as for the fractional optimal control problem, using the free GNU Octave computing software and assuring compatibility with MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power has become an important source of electricity for both production and domestic use. However, because wind turbines often operate in harsh environments, they are prone to cracks, blisters, and corrosion of the blade surface. If these defects cannot be repaired in time, the cracks evolve into larger fractures, which can lead to blade rupture. As such, in this study, we developed a remote non-contact online health monitoring and warning system for wind turbine blades based on acoustic features and artificial neural networks. Collecting a large number of wind turbine blade defect signals was challenging. To address this issue, we designed an acoustic detection method based on a small sample size. We employed the octave to extract defect information, and we used an artificial neural network based on model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML-ANN) for classification. We analyzed the influence of locations and compared the performance of MAML-ANN with that of traditional ANN. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of our method reached 94.1% when each class contained only 50 data; traditional ANN achieved an accuracy of only 85%. With MAML-ANN, the training is fast and the global optimal solution is automatic searched, and it can be expanded to situations with a large sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIXTURE DESIGN AND OPTIMUM REGION VISUALIZATION WITH SPREADSHEETS AT EXCEL: A TUTORIAL. This tutorial shows how to perform the data treatment for mixture design with two and multiple responses. Two data sets from the literature were used to exemplify the calculations. A template in Excel was proposed to prepare contour plot and response surface to visualize the optimum region of the mixture, which usually is made with commercial computational programs. The desirability function was used in example 2 (optimization of 5 responses simultaneously), and a code also available for download was proposed. Besides, 21 videos were prepared to show all the details for the readers and, it is available on YouTube. With this tutorial, it is possible to learn in a practical fashion how to handle the data from mixture design and, the authors hope to contribute with the researchers in this area.

Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo numérico para o modelo cosmológico de Friedmann partindo de conceitos Newtonianos. Originalmente, esse modelo foi construído utilizando o ferramental matemático da Relatividade Geral, que possui grande nível de complexidade e não é acessível para os estudantes dos níveis iniciais da graduação. Sendo assim, a abordagem desse modelo através de conceitos Newtonianos torna acessível a compreensão de alguns conceitos básicos da Cosmologia. Além disso, também é possível que o estudante utilize esse material como uma introdução aos estudos dos métodos numéricos e computacionais. Na descrição de um Universo expansivo, as equações diferenciais são resolvidas numericamente pelo Método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem. Os resultados apresentados pelos gráficos das soluções numéricas condizem com os dados observacionais, descrevendo qualitativamente as eras pelas quais o Universo passou. Como motivação para o estudante, disponibilizamos as rotinas computacionais em C, Octave e Simulink.

Information security risk assessment is an important part of enterprises’ management practices that helps to identify, quantify, and prioritize risks against criteria for risk acceptance and objectives relevant to the organization. Risk management refers to a process that consists of identification, management, and elimination or reduction of the likelihood of events that can negatively affect the resources of the information system to reduce security risks that potentially have the ability to affect the information system, subject to an acceptable cost of protection means that contain a risk analysis, analysis of the “cost-effectiveness” parameter, and selection, construction, and testing of the security subsystem, as well as the study of all aspects of security.

The manufacturing technology for heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is different from the one used for bipolar silicon junction transistor (BJT). The base in case of BJT is manufactured by using diffusion and the diffusion laws determine a Gaussian type of profile in the base. HBT devices are manufactured using molecular epitaxy which gives a contact doping profile. In case of HBT, producing an internal field by using uniform doping is no more possible. This is the reason why was used in the gradation of the molar composition. The Analysis using Octave soft was made for the transit time through the base of the drift HBT transistors type GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To extend the current implementation of copulas in MATLAB to non-elliptical distributions in arbitrary dimensions enabling for asymmetries in the tails, the toolbox HACopula provides functionality for modeling with hierarchical (or nested) Archimedean copulas. This includes their representation as MATLAB objects, evaluation, sampling, estimation and goodness-of-fit testing, as well as tools for their visual representation or computation of corresponding matrices of Kendall's tau and tail dependence coefficients. These are first presented in a quick-and-simple manner and then elaborated in more detail to show the full capability of HACopula. As an example, sampling, estimation and goodness-of-fit of a 100-dimensional hierarchical Archimedean copula is presented, including a speed up of its computationally most demanding part. The toolbox is also compatible with Octave, where no support for copulas in more than two dimensions is currently provided.

In this article, we develop a simple mathematical GNU Octave/MATLAB code that is easy to modify for the simulation of mathematical models governed by fractional-order differential equations, and for the resolution of fractional-order optimal control problems through Pontryagin’s maximum principle (indirect approach to optimal control). For this purpose, a fractional-order model for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is considered. The model is an improvement of one first proposed by the authors in 2018. The initial value problem associated with the RSV infection fractional model is numerically solved using Garrapa’s fde12 solver and two simple methods coded here in Octave/MATLAB: the fractional forward Euler’s method and the predict-evaluate-correct-evaluate (PECE) method of Adams–Bashforth–Moulton. A fractional optimal control problem is then formulated having treatment as the control. The fractional Pontryagin maximum principle is used to characterize the fractional optimal control and the extremals of the problem are determined numerically through the implementation of the forward-backward PECE method. The implemented algorithms are available on GitHub and, at the end of the paper, in appendixes, both for the uncontrolled initial value problem as well as for the fractional optimal control problem, using the free GNU Octave computing software and assuring compatibility with MATLAB.

In this work, we study Friedmann's cosmological model from a numerical approach. To obtain Friedmann's equations, we use Newtonian concepts. In general, this model has been constructed using the mathematical tools of General Relativity, which have a high level of complexity and are not easily approachable to initialgrade undergraduate students. For this reason, the approach of this model using Newtonian concepts makes the understanding of basic cosmology concepts. Furthermore, it is also possible to make the student use this work as an introduction to numerical and computational methods. Describing an expansive Universe, the differential equations are solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results shown by the numerical solution agree with the observational data, describing the ages of the Universe. As motivation for the student, we provided access to the computational routines in C, Octave, and Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power has become an important source of electricity for both production and domestic use. However, because wind turbines often operate in harsh environments, they are prone to cracks, blisters, and corrosion of the blade surface. If these defects cannot be repaired in time, the cracks evolve into larger fractures, which can lead to blade rupture. As such, in this study, we developed a remote non-contact online health monitoring and warning system for wind turbine blades based on acoustic features and artificial neural networks. Collecting a large number of wind turbine blade defect signals was challenging. To address this issue, we designed an acoustic detection method based on a small sample size. We employed the octave to extract defect information, and we used an artificial neural network based on model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML-ANN) for classification. We analyzed the influence of locations and compared the performance of MAML-ANN with that of traditional ANN. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of our method reached 94.1% when each class contained only 50 data; traditional ANN achieved an accuracy of only 85%. With MAML-ANN, the training is fast and the global optimal solution is automatic searched, and it can be expanded to situations with a large sample size.

Definition: Information security risk assessment is an important part of enterprises' management practices that helps to identify, quantify, and prioritize risks against criteria for risk acceptance and objectives relevant to the organization. Risk management refers to a process that consists of identification, management, and elimination or reduction of the likelihood of events that can negatively affect the resources of the information system to reduce security risks that potentially have the ability to affect the information system, subject to an acceptable cost of protection means that contain a risk analysis, analysis of the "cost-effectiveness" parameter, and selection, construction, and testing of the security subsystem, as well as the study of all aspects of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores an approximate solution to the damped pendulum, named the improved modified method of successive approximations (IMMSA), and compared it to an approximation from the work of [Johannessen, 2014]. It is a correction is made to that comparison due to an error made in calculating Johannessen's approximation.

The paper presents a sequential use of the AWK and GNU Octave programming languages integrated with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for geospatial data analysis. The geographic scope of the research is focused on the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, north Pacific Ocean. Practical research aim is to analyse and compare bathymetry in the southern and northern part of the trench using digitized cross-section profiles. The initial mapping and geospatial analysis was performed in GMT scripting toolset. The GMT was used for cartographic mapping based on the raster ETOPO1 grid and automatic digitizing of the profiles crossing the trench perpendicularly. Besides visualized map, the processed geodata were received in a numerical form as a complex multi-field table for each segment. These tables were generated by the GMT in its native format and could not be directly processed by the MATLAB/Octave. Therefore, the tables were exported to AWK, a data-driven programming language and a powerful tool for data extraction. The table was then restructured, sorted and reshaped by the AWK script. Because the total amount of profiles overstepped 100 (62 and 52 for the northern and southern trench segments), only selected profiles were visualized. For this purpose, at the next step, the modified tables were converted to GNU Octave language for visualizing and plotting selected profiles. Finally, the geomorphology was analysed and two segments compared. The results show that the southern part has deeper bathymetric values, vary in geomorphic structure and has steeper gradient slopes comparing to the north, which is caused by the seismicity, volcanism, geologic and tectonic settings. Three full scripts of GMT, AWK and GNU Octave programming languages are presented for replicability in the Appendix.

Системы интервального регулирования движения поездов на российских железных дорогах используют электрическую рельсовую цепь в качестве канала передачи информации о показании светофора на локомотив. Кодовые сигналы в таком канале подвержены влиянию помех, что часто приводит к нарушению движения поездов. Существенного повышения помехоустойчивости можно достичь, если формализовать прием и дешифрацию сигналов электрической цепи в виде задачи классификации изображений. Для построения классификатора кодовых сигналов электрической рельсовой цепи с применением методов машинного обучения требуется обучающая выборка. Предлагается имитационная модель электрического кодового сигнала, позволяющая синтезировать такую выборку. Имитационная модель структурирована в соответствии с основными этапами формирования и передачи кодового сигнала в рельсовой цепи: генератор кодового сигнала, рельсовая линия, приемное оборудование локомотива. По результатам анализа осциллограмм и схем генераторов предложен алгоритм генерации кодового сигнала в начале рельсовой цепи. На этом этапе учтены временные характеристики кодовых сигналов, определяемые спецификацией, а также их случайные отклонения, обусловленные различными факторами. Анализ схем замещения рельсовой линии, по которой передается кодовый сигнал, показал, что она представляет собой фильтр нижних частот. Для имитации влияния рельсовой линии на кодовый сигнал предложено использовать алгоритм цифрового фильтра Баттерворта. Параметры фильтра определены на основе электрических параметров рельсовой линии. Дополнительно на этом этапе учтено влияние случайных внешних помех. Для имитации приемного оборудования локомотива, которое содержит полосовой фильтр, также предложено использовать алгоритм цифрового фильтра Баттерворта. Таким образом, предложенная имитационная модель представляет собой совокупность последовательных алгоритмов. Изменяемые в заданных диапазонах параметры модели позволяют синтезировать осциллограммы кодовых сигналов с учетом различных условий работы компонентов электрической рельсовой цепи.

A comparison of two groups of plane shooting targets (PSTs) characterizing the shooter-silhouette in different observation and rifle-firing positions was the starting point for this study. Selected infantry targets are used for shooting training in the Russian Federation and in the Swiss Confederation. The comparison results of two target groups (five PSTs in each of them) showed a significant similarity of their geometric shapes. To explain this fact, a targets design system (TDS) was developed. The TDS is based on attributing a certain number of simple geometric shapes – geometric primitives (GP). In our case, the number of GPs was equal to ten (five polygons for Russian and five polygons for Swiss targets). The TDS enabled building a human-like target silhouette. If two sides of two adjoining GPs or their parts become common for them, then such GPs can be combined into one common geometric figure whose area is equal to the sum of the two GPs. The TDS was further transformed into two isomorphic graphs. Their adjacency matrix (AM) was obtained. The AM matrices for the Russian PSTs and the Swiss PSTs were the same. To improve the estimation of the area and the coordinates of the target centroid, a matrix modification of Bourke’s formulas were proposed. The geometric areas for the Russian and Swiss PSTs and the location of their centroids were refined and compared. GNU Octave, GeoGebra and Mathcad were used as mathematical software for computer calculations and for graphic visualizations. / Сравнение двух групп стрелковых мишеней, которые характеризуют силуэт стрелка в различных его положениях при ведении наблюдения и стрельбе, стало отправной точкой для начала исследования. Выбранные для рассмотрения мишени используются в процессе стрелковой подготовки в Российской Федерации и в Швейцарской Конфедерации. Результат сравнения двух групп мишеней (по пять мишеней в каждой группе) показал межгрупповое сходство их геометрических форм. Для объяснения этого факта, была разработана система построения мишеней (СПМ). Она основана на выделении некоторого количества простых геометрических фигур во множество так называемых геометрических примитивов (ГП) с дальнейшим конструированием мишеней на их основе. В нашем случае общее количество ГП – пять в каждой рассматриваемой группе. Принцип объединения ГП состоит в том, что если две стороны двух смежных примитивов или их части являются общими для них обоих, то такие ГП объединяются в одну общую геометрическую фигуру, площадь которой равна сумме их площадей. Далее СПМ была преобразована в два изоморфных графа, которые позднее были трансформированы в матрицы смежности. Такие матрицы для российских и швейцарских мишеней оказались равными. Для улучшения оценки площади и координат центроида стрелковой мишени как плоского многоугольника была предложена матричная модификация формул Берка (Bourke). В результате их использования были уточнены значения геометрических площадей для российских и швейцарских мишеней и значения координат их центроидов. В качестве математического программного обеспечения для реализации компьютерных расчётов и графической визуализации результатов построений были использованы GNU Octave, GeoGebra и Mathcad. / Ova studija poredi dve grupe dvodimenzionalnih meta za gađanje (DMG) u obliku siluete strelca koji puca iz puške iz različitih položaja. Odabrane pešadijske mete za gađanje koriste se za uvežbavanje gađanja u Ruskoj Federaciji i Švajcarskoj Konfederaciji. Poređenje rezultata dve grupe meta (po pet u svakoj grupi) pokazuje značajnu sličnost njihovih geometrijskih oblika. Da bi se objasnila ova činjenica, razvijen je sistem projektovanja meta (SPM) zasnovan na određenom broju jednostavnih geometrijskih oblika - osnovnih geometrijskih figura (OGF). U našem slučaju taj broj je bio deset (pet poligona za ruske i pet poligona za švajcarske mete). Koristeći SPM, izrađene su mete u obliku ljudskih silueta. Ako dve stranice dve susedne OGF, ili njihovi delovi, postanu zajednički, njihovim kombinovanjem dobijena OGF ima površinu jednaku ukupnim površinama dveju površina susednih OGF. Daljom transformacijom SPM dobijaju se dva izomorfna grafa. Njihove dobijene matrice povezanosti (MP) bile su iste i za ruske i za švajcarske DMG. Za poboljšanje estimacije površina i koordinata centroida meta, predložena je modifikacija matrice Burkeovim formulama. Geometrijske površine ruskih i švajcarskih DMG, kao i lokacije njihovih centroida, precizno su određene i upoređene. Matematički softveri korišćeni za kompjuterska izračunavanja i vizualizaciju putem grafova bili su GNU Octave, GeoGebra i Mathcad.

Studies have reported the benefits of music-listening in stress-reduction using musical pieces of specific scale or 'Raaga'. But the influence of lower-level musical properties (like tempo, octave, timbre, etc.) lack research backing. Carnatic music concerts use incremental modulations in tempo and octave (e.g.: 'Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi') to elevate the mood of audiences. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the anxiolytic effect of this musical property. A randomised controlled cross-over study with 21 male undergraduate medical students was followed. 11 participants listened to 'Varying music' (VM: instrumental music with incremental variations in tempo and octave) and 10 listened to 'Stable music' (SM: instrumental music without such variations), thrice daily for 6 days, both clips recorded in Raaga-Kaapi and silence being the control intervention. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electrocardiography (for heart rate variability or HRV) were done on all 6 days. Beck's Anxiety inventory and State-trait anxiety scale were administered on Day-1 and Day-6. A significant anxiety score reduction was seen only in VM. VM showed marked decrease in lower frequency EEG power in bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital regions compared to silence, whereas SM showed increase in higher frequencies. Relatively, VM showed more midline power reduction (i.e., lower default mode network or DMN activity) and SM showed greater left-dominant alpha/beta asymmetry (i.e., greater right brain activation). During both music interventions HRV remained stable, unlike silence intervention. We speculate that, gradual transition between lower-slower and higher-faster music portions of VM induces a 'controlled-mind wandering' state involving balanced switching between heightened mind wandering ('attention to self') and reduced mind wandering ('attention to music') states, respectively. Therefore, music-selection has remarkable influence on stress-management and warrants further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LALSuite data analysis libraries, written in C, implement key routines critical to the successful detection of gravitational waves, such as the template waveforms describing the merger of two black holes or two neutron stars. SWIGLAL is a component of LALSuite which provides interfaces for Python and Octave, making LALSuite routines accessible directly from scripts written in those languages. It has enabled modern gravitational-wave data analysis software, used in the first detection of gravitational waves, to be written in Python, thereby benefiting from its ease of development and rich feature set, while still having access to the computational speed and scientific trustworthiness of the routines provided by LALSuite.

Формально-статистический, сравнительно-исторический. Научная новизна. В статье впервые проанализированы все сохранившиеся до нашего времени поэтические произведения Ф. Прокоповича на уровне строфики и рифмовки. Выводы. Автор существенно разнообразил строфику украинского силлабического стиха. Кроме дистихов с женской рифмой, поэт обратился к форме терцета на одну рифму, катрена с перекрестной рифмовкой, строф на шесть, семь и восемь строк. Одной из разновидностей восьмистишия стала октава с классической для силлабического варианта этой строфы схеме рифмовки. Таким образом, Ф. Прокопович начертил перспективы для дальнейшего развития украинского силлабического стиха.Methods of research: formal, which is often based on the use of statistics, quantitative material processing, comparative and historical. Scientific novelty. For the first time systematic representation of the main features of the stanza and rhyming by Pheophan Procopovych's poetry. Con- clusions. The idea of monotony or even the primitiveness of the syllabic poem of the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries has been long established in Ukrainian literary criticism. First of all, such superficial judgments concerned stanzas and rhymes of the Ukrain- ian syllabic, which was treated as a form with a double-edged structure and a constant pair of female rhymes. Preceding analysis showed that in the first half of the eight- eenth century Ph. Prokopoviyh had substantially diversified the stanza of the Ukrainian syllabic verse. In addition to traditional and two-storied strophic compounds that are widely used in syllabic poetry, the poet also referred to the form of a terzetto for one rhyme with the AAA rhyme scheme ("Behind the pock-marked Grave"), in several texts - to the form of a catenary with cross- rhyming of ABAB ("The crying of shepherds in protracted grief" etc.), as well as stanzas for six (AABCCB), seven (AABBCCB) and eight (AbAbCCХx) rows. In addition, an octave with a classi- cal version of this stanza, with a metric structure and a rhythmic pattern has become one of the variants. There is also one text with an unequal structure, consisting of distiches, terzetto and quat- rains in the poet's work. In one of the texts ("Secular song") there are regular internal rhymes in the idle rows. The most widespread size of the Ukrainian syllabic – the 13 -syllable verse – is realized exclusively in the two-verse strophic form. At the same time, the second most commonly used "book" size is the 11 syllabic, on the contrary, is presented in various stanza form: distiches, quatrains with cross rhymes ABAB and octaves. The ditches, cross-rhymes quatrains, five-verse and seven-verse were found in strophic syllabic.

Este trabajo desarrolla una propuesta didáctica para introducir actividades de programación por ordenador en la resolución de problemas de Física. Tal propuesta persigue un doble objetivo: por una parte facilitar, a través de la programación de simulaciones de Física, la asimilación de los contenidos de esta materia y, por otra, iniciar a los alumnos en la programación y en el pensamiento computacional. En este artículo se fundamenta teóricamente la propuesta, se presenta el material desarrollado para su implementación en el aula y se describe una intervención a modo de estudio piloto realizada en varios institutos, junto con su evaluación mediante cuestionarios dirigidos a los profesores y estudiantes participantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una positiva percepción de la propuesta desarrollada.

Methods and means of assessing information security risks are considered. The main problems that arise in the process of performing the analysis of the security of an enterprise in the field of information security are shown. A brief review of the existing instrumental solutions to the problems of assessing the risks of information security organizations engaged in various fields of activity is given. The main advantages and disadvantages of methods for risk assessment and software based on these techniques are analyzed. The results of the review are presented, conclusions are made regarding the shortcomings of methods and tools, and the question of the optimal correlation of such concepts as the breadth of applicability of methods and software tools and reliability, accuracy and adequacy of information security risk assessment are considered. We propose new additional stages of risk analysis that allow improving existing methods and eliminating the shortcomings identified during the review.

El presente artículo describe el algoritmo del método espectral que fue elegido para crear un programa computacional aplicado, este que hace el agrupamiento automático de datos de orientaciones de discontinuidades medidas en un macizo rocosos. La agrupación y diferenciación de familias de discontinuidades normalmente se hace a través de la selección heurística de grupos a partir de un diagrama de densidades de discontinuidades. Sin embargo, una agrupación automática y basada en un algoritmo estadístico puede ser más rápido y pasible a la réplica. Así mismo, un agrupamiento automático presentado en un programa abierto es útil para la implementación en otros cálculos dentro del análisis de datos de orientaciones de discontinuidades. El artículo explica en detalle del algoritmo y su implementación, tiene validaciones y ejemplos que garantizan que el programa puede ser usado.

Ordinal regression, also named ordinal classification, studies classification problems where there exist a natural order between class labels. This structured order of the labels is crucial in all steps of the learning process in order to take full advantage of the data. ORCA (Ordinal Regression and Classification Algorithms) is a Matlab/Octave framework that implements and integrates different ordinal classification algorithms and specifically designed performance metrics. The framework simplifies the task of experimental comparison to a great extent, allowing the user to: (i) describe experiments by simple configuration files; (ii) automatically run different data partitions; (iii) parallelize the executions; (iv) generate a variety of performance reports and (v) include new algorithms by using its intuitive interface. Source code, binaries, documentation, descriptions and links to data sets and tutorials (including examples of educational purpose) are available at https://github.com/ayrna/orca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison of two groups of plane shooting targets (PSTs) characterizing the shooter-silhouette in different observation and rifle-firing positions was the starting point for this study. Selected infantry targets are used for shooting training in the Russian Federation and in the Swiss Confederation. The comparison results of two target groups (five PSTs in each of them) showed a significant similarity of their geometric shapes. To explain this fact, a targets design system (TDS) was developed. The TDS is based on attributing a certain number of simple geometric shapes - geometric primitives (GP). In our case, the number of GPs was equal to ten (five polygons for Russian and five polygons for Swiss targets). The TDS enabled building a human-like target silhouette. If two sides of two adjoining GPs or their parts become common for them, then such GPs can be combined into one common geometric figure whose area is equal to the sum of the two GPs. The TDS was further transformed into two isomorphic graphs. Their adjacency matrix (AM) was obtained. The AM matrices for the Russian PSTs and the Swiss PSTs were the same. To improve the estimation of the area and the coordinates of the target centroid, a matrix modification of Bourke’s formulas were proposed. The geometric areas for the Russian and Swiss PSTs and the location of their centroids were refined and compared. GNU Octave, GeoGebra and Mathcad were used as mathematical software for computer calculations and for graphic visualizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the algorithm of the spectral method that was chosen to create an applied computational program, which performs an automatic clustering of oriented data of discontinuities-measurements in a rock mass. The clustering differentiation of discontinuity families normally is done by a heuristic selection of sets based on a density diagram of discontinuities. But, an automatic clustering based on a statistical algorithm may be faster and passive to be replicated. In addition, an automatic clustering that has been presented as an open program is useful for the implementation in other calculi in the process of data analysis of discontinuity orientations. The article explains in detail the algorithms and its implementation; it has validations and examples that guarantees that the program can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-dimensional finite element approach for designing RPMFS (Rotor Permanent Magnet Flux Switching) machines is presented in this paper. The proposed method enables fast, accurate and computationally efficient assessment of different RPMFS machine designs with an arbitrary number of rotor poles, stator slots and stator phases. The appropriate stator winding layout is assembled for any feasible slot, pole and phase combination by employing the winding distribution table, which contributes to automating the design process. Based on the proposed method, a program is developed using the Octave FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics) toolbox. The program is suited for the use in the design stage, where it is necessary to determine various machine parameters for given core dimensions, terminal voltage constraints and adopted value of current density in the conductors, while taking iron saturation effects into account. Verification was carried out by simulating torque and EMF waveforms for several RPMFS machine designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tool to process the SMOS microwave radiometer level 1C polarized brightness temperatures data product has been developed. The SMOS L1C science product contains the dual and full (Stokes vector) polarization brightness temperatures at L-band for multiple incidence angles. In order to use the L1C product, the measurements are processed by a number of procedures including radio frequency interference (RFI) filters, conversion of the polarization plane from the antenna (X- & Y-pol) to the Earth’s surface frame (H- & V-pol), and averaging to fixed classes of incidence angles. The software allows for the processing of data for the entire daily half-orbit product, or for specific regions of interest, and can be adapted as a bash-job to process a large number of data files e.g. for time series analysis. This paper describes the tool which was developed in GNU C++ with the capability to be compiled as MEX function to work with Octave or MATLAB® without any source code adjustment. Funding statement: 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' DFG under grant number SI 606/24-1.

This paper presents a computational algorithm allowing the efficient use of high-performance computing resources to solve nonlinear problems of continuum mechanics using FEM. The algorithm is suitable for solving static problems and tasks of estimating lifetime of structures in cases where the load is defined by the load spectrum. The complexity of the problem increases significantly in the case of nonlinear problems. The principle of the stress superposition cannot be used in that case. For each loading mode a separate FE analysis must be made. A quick and efficient procedure for evaluating the results of mentioned analysis for the static calculation as well as for the estimated life calculation is also presented in this paper. In the presented examples the contact of bodies is used as a source of nonlinearity. The size, shape or position of the contact area is not possible to estimate in contact of bodies. These types of problems are thus highly nonlinear. Programs for the presented algorithms are processed in the program package OCTAVE and calculations using FEM are made in the software ADINA.

Many companies are adapting cloud computing technology because moving to the cloud has an array of benefits. During decision-making, having processed for adopting cloud computing, the importance of risk management is progressively recognized. However, traditional risk management methods cannot be applied directly to cloud computing when data are transmitted and processed by external providers. When they are directly applied, risk management processes can fail by ignoring the distributed nature of cloud computing and leaving numerous risks unidentified. In order to fix this backdrop, this paper introduces a new risk management method, Enterprise Risk Management for Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation (ERMOCTAVE), which combines Enterprise Risk Management and Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation for mitigating risks that can arise with cloud computing. ERMOCTAVE is composed of two risk management methods by combining each component with another processes for comprehensive perception of risks. In order to explain ERMOCTAVE in detail, a case study scenario is presented where an Internet seller migrates some modules to Microsoft Azure cloud. The functionality comparison with ENISA and Microsoft cloud risk assessment shows that ERMOCTAVE has additional features, such as key objectives and strategies, critical assets, and risk measurement criteria.