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Despite numerous advances in all areas of cardiovascular care, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US). There is compelling evidence that interventions to improve diet are effective in cardiovascular disease prevention. This clinical practice statement emphasizes the importance of evidence-based dietary patterns in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and ASCVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. A diet consisting predominantly of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, plant protein and fatty fish is optimal for the prevention of ASCVD. Consuming more of these foods, while reducing consumption of foods with saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, salt, refined grain, and ultra-processed food intake are the common components of a healthful dietary pattern. Dietary recommendations for special populations including pediatrics, older persons, and nutrition and social determinants of health for ASCVD prevention are discussed.

Background: Adhesive Capsulitis in the shoulder characterized as a self-limiting situation that lasts only while it has also been described as a 24 week long-term impairment caused by a chronic condition. SMET is a widely used method to restore normal ROM and reduce pain. PNF aims to improve joint synchronization, movement control, and mobility. Purpose: This study focuses on the effect of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for reducing pain and disability in Adhesive Capsulitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from Eyan Healthcare Foundation during the period of November 2022 to July 2023. They were split into two groups, with 20 Participants receiving Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and 20 Participants receiving Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. Subjects with age of 40-70 years, with or without diabetes and pain or stiffness on shoulder were included and Subjects with recent trauma, injury around the shoulder were excluded in the study. All the subjects underwent pre-test measurement with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the same repeated for post-test measurement at the end of 4 weeks. Results: By statistical analysis there is a significant difference between the two groups. The Spencer group displays a greater difference than the PNF group when comparing mean differences of the two groups using SPADI. Conclusion: The study concluded that subjects who underwent Spencer Muscle Energy Technique are found to be more effective in reducing pain and disability than Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Adhesive Capsulitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundOsteopathic manual techniques are now widely used in medicine worldwide. At present, there are no clear conclusions regarding the possibility of affecting the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), respiratory system and head-cervical-shoulder complex by manual osteopathic techniques.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to review the current literature regarding the possible impact of osteopathic manual techniques on the state of the autonomic nervous system, spirometric parameters of the respiratory system and the state of the head-collar-shoulder complex.MethodsPublications have been searched in the following databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search strategy included keywords related to manual osteopathic treatment, autonomic nervous system, spirometry, respiratory function and head, neck and shoulder pain. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. The PRISMA guidelines were used for the systematic review. Studies from 2010 to 2023 were selected.ResultsUsing the proposed descriptions and manual searches from the literature of other works, 40 studies were found, out of which 22 were rejected because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The analysis included: 15 randomized controlled trials, 3 pilot studies.ConclusionStudies clearly show the effect of OMT on both spirometric parameters and the condition of the head-collar-shoulder complex. Most often this translates into improved ANS performance, but there are exceptions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023476963.

Although the evolutionary significance of the early-diverging flowering plant Amborella (Amborella trichopoda Baill.) is widely recognized, its metabolic landscape, particularly specialized metabolites, is currently underexplored. In this work, we analyzed the metabolomes of Amborella tissues using liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS). By matching the mass spectra of Amborella metabolites with those of authentic phytochemical standards in the publicly accessible libraries, 63, 39, and 21 compounds were tentatively identified in leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Free amino acids, organic acids, simple sugars, cofactors, as well as abundant glycosylated and/or methylated phenolic specialized metabolites were observed in Amborella leaves. Diverse metabolites were also detected in stems and roots, including those that were not identified in leaves. To understand the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites with glycosyl and methyl modifications, families of small molecule UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and O-methyltransferases (OMTs) were identified in the Amborella genome and the InterPro database based on conserved functional domains. Of the 17 phylogenetic groups of plant UGTs (A-Q) defined to date, Amborella UGTs are absent from groups B, N, and P, but they are highly abundant in group L. Among the 25 Amborella OMTs, 7 cluster with caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CCoA) OMTs involved in lignin and phenolic metabolism, whereas 18 form a clade with plant OMTs that methylate hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, or alkaloids. Overall, this first report of metabolomes and candidate metabolic genes in Amborella provides a starting point to a better understanding of specialized metabolites and biosynthetic enzymes in this basal lineage of flowering plants.

O -Methyltransferases (OMTs) play important roles in antitumor lignan biosynthesis. To date, six OMTs catalyzing the methylation of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans as biosynthetic precursors of antitumor lignans have been identified. However, there is still no systematic understanding of the diversity and regularity of the biosynthetic mechanisms among various plant lineages. Herein, we report the characterization of two OMTs from Anthriscus sylvestris and Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae [designated as AsSecoNorYatein (SNY) OMT and TdSNYOMT] together with the six known OMTs to evaluate their diversity and regularity. Although A. sylvestris 5- O -methylthujaplicatin (SecoNorYatein) and 4- O -demethylyatein (NorYatein) OMT (AsSNYOMT) and TdSNYOMT accept 5- O -methylthujaplicatin and 4- O -demethylyatein as substrates, phylogenetic analysis indicated that these two OMTs shared low amino acid sequence identity, 33.8%, indicating a signature of parallel evolution. The OMTs and the six previously identified OMTs were found to be diverse in terms of their substrate specificity, regioselectivity and amino acid sequence identity, indicating independent evolution in each plant species. Meanwhile, two-entropy analysis detected four amino acid residues as being specifically acquired by dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan OMTs. Site-directed mutation of AsSNYOMT indicated that two of them contributed specifically to 5- O -methylthujaplicatin methylation. The results provide a new example of parallel evolution and the diversity and regularity of OMTs in plant secondary (specialized) metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los Sistemas de Información Turística han sido priorizados en el Plan de Desarrollo Nacional 2017 -2019 y en el Plan Sectorial de Turismo en Colombia como herramientas válidas para la planificación y la gestión del sector turístico. La información que arrojan dichos sistemas es empleada por los territorios en la búsqueda de mecanismos para el diseño de estrategias que atraigan un mayor gasto turístico e inversiones para fortalecer los procesos de desarrollo socioeconómico. El departamento del Magdalena es un territorio potencial para el desenvolvimiento de actividades turísticas enmarcadas en su riqueza natural, cultural e histórica; el Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo firmó un convenio con la Asociación Hotelera y Turística de Colombia Magdalena para la implementación de un sistema de información en el ya mencionado departamento, el cual se encarga de caracterizar el turismo receptor, interno y emisor; así como el impacto laboral y la industria turística. El presente artículo ilustra la metodología y principales resultados obtenidos en la medición del turismo interno y emisor, como un componente que ilustra las tendencias y características de viajes de los magdalenenses, a fin de fomentar el conocimiento interno del potencial turístico para proyectar su promoción hacia el mundo.

Flavonoids are ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds in plants, long recognised for their health-promoting properties in humans. Methylated flavonoids have received increasing attention due to the potential of methylation to enhance medicinal efficacy. Recently, Eucalyptus species with high levels of the O-methylated flavanone pinostrobin have been identified. Pinostrobin has potential commercial value due to its numerous pharmacological and functional food benefits. Little is known about the identity or mode of action of the enzymes involved in methylating flavanones. This study aimed to identify and characterise the methyltransferase(s) involved in the regiospecific methylation of pinostrobin in Eucalyptus and thereby add to our limited understanding of flavanone biosynthesis in plants. RNA-seq analysis of leaf tips enabled the isolation of a gene encoding a flavanone 7-O-methyltransferase (EnOMT1) in Eucalyptus. Biochemical characterisation of its in vitro activity revealed a range of substrates upon which EnOMT1 acts in a regiospecific manner. Comparison to a homologous sequence from a Eucalyptus species lacking O-methylated flavonoids identified critical catalytic amino acid residues within EnOMT1 responsible for its activity. This detailed molecular characterisation identified a methyltransferase responsible for chemical ornamentation of the core flavanone structure of pinocembrin and helps shed light on the mechanism of flavanone biosynthesis in Eucalyptus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Opioid Maintenance Treatment (OMT) is a well-evaluated treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Especially, under the condition of imprisonment, OMT is a preventive measure regarding infectious diseases such as hepatitis C. However, only a minority of prisoners with OUD are currently in OMT in numerous countries. In 2009, the Ministry of Justice of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, launched the process of implementing OMT in prisons with various elements (e.g. development of recommendations regarding the treatment of prisoners with OUD, monitoring the number of prisoners in OMT, education of prison doctors). In the recommendations OMT was defined as the gold standard of treatment of OUD. Methods To assess the effectiveness of the implementation strategy a survey on the prevalence of OMT in prisons in NRW was carried out twice a year by the Ministry of Justice between 2008 and 2016. Participants were prisoners in NRW, Germany. The diagnosis of OUD at admission to prison and the treatment state on survey dates was measured. Results The number of prisoners in NRW dropped from 17,301 in 2008 to 16,432 in 2016. In the same period, the number of prisoners with OUD (mainly males) dropped from 4201 persons to 3650 persons and the number of prisoners in OMT increased from 139 persons (3.3%) to 1415 (38.7%) persons. Discussion Currently, the percentage of prisoners with OUD in OMT in NRW is almost reaching the treatment rate outside prisons in Germany (45–50%). However, after release from prison there is still a high risk for a discontinuation of OMT. Conclusions Overall, the top-down approach of implementing OMT in prisons in the federal state of NRW was effective.

In the realm of cardiovascular care, the quest for innovative and holistic approaches to enhance patient outcomes persists. This study analyzes osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and its potential impact on pain intensity, length of hospitalization, respiratory function, and hemodynamic response in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). OMT, with its emphasis on physical manipulation of the body's muscles and tissues, presents a potential treatment beyond the realms of conventional post-operative care. Google Scholar was used to identify four relevant articles for further review. RevMan 5.4 was utilized for meta-analytic evaluation in order to produce forest plots with associated standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity (I²). Output from collection and analysis revealed statistically significant decreases in negatively viewed outcomes, including length of stay (SMD 0.39; 95% CI -0.02,-0.76; I² ≤ 0%) and pain control (SMD 1.67; 95% CI -1.34,-0.67; I² ≤ 94%). Parameters for respiratory function and hemodynamic response, including vital capacity (SMD 0.91; 95% CI 0.57,1.24; I² ≤ 96%) and maximal aerobic capacity (SMD 0.50; 95% CI 0.19, 0.82; I² ≤ 0%), showed a statistically significant increase. These findings suggest the incorporation of OMT as a viable adjunct for postoperative management in CABG patients, yielding favorable reductions in adverse outcomes such as length of hospitalization and pain. Moreover, it has demonstrated enhancement in maximal aerobic and vital capacity. This study suggests that the addition of osteopathic management to post-bypass standards can ultimately prevent certain morbidities associated with this specific patient population., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, McGonegal et al.)

This work presents an original proposal for the reform of the Eurozone architecture according to an approach based on risk sharing (aiming to reach in the long-term the mutualization of public debt). The proposal envisages a new role for the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) which should gradually become the guarantor of the public debts of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In this way, the new ESM would support the full transition from national debts to a single Eurozone public debt (e.g. Eurobonds) with a single yield curve for all countries. Our proposal would benefit both core and peripheral EMU countries. Indeed, the riskiest countries, which would gain from the ESM conditional debt guarantee, should give up the possibility of redenominating their national debt and would pay to the ESM the corresponding market price of the guarantee. This would strengthen the capital endowment of the ESM and also allow it to use its leverage capability to support the realignment of the economic cycles of the different countries through profitable public investment plans concentrated in the weakest regions of the EMU. Such plans would be coordinated and implemented by the European Union. After a transition period, our Insurance Fund proposal would contribute to a much more resilient monetary union, with a European fiscal policy and mutualized debt. Admittedly this proposal presupposes a political consensus at the EU level to reinterpret the no bailout rule enshrined in the treaties so that risk sharing institutions implemented with fairly priced insurance scheme can be allowed. New risk sharing institutions will foster a common vision of belonging to the same federal, political union in the making, the only one compatible with the abdication of fiscal sovereignty by national governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids are ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds in plants, long recognised for their health-promoting properties in humans. Methylated flavonoids have received increasing attention due to the potential of methylation to enhance medicinal efficacy. Recently, Eucalyptus species with high levels of the O-methylated flavanone pinostrobin have been identified. Pinostrobin has potential commercial value due to its numerous pharmacological and functional food benefits. Little is known about the identity or mode of action of the enzymes involved in methylating flavanones. This study aimed to identify and characterise the methyltransferase(s) involved in the regiospecific methylation of pinostrobin in Eucalyptus and thereby add to our limited understanding of flavanone biosynthesis in plants. RNA-seq analysis of leaf tips enabled the isolation of a gene encoding a flavanone 7-O-methyltransferase (EnOMT1) in Eucalyptus. Biochemical characterisation of its in vitro activity revealed a range of substrates upon which EnOMT1 acts in a regiospecific manner. Comparison to a homologous sequence from a Eucalyptus species lacking O-methylated flavonoids identified critical catalytic amino acid residues within EnOMT1 responsible for its activity. This detailed molecular characterisation identified a methyltransferase responsible for chemical ornamentation of the core flavanone structure of pinocembrin and helps shed light on the mechanism of flavanone biosynthesis in Eucalyptus.

This work addresses a critical analysis of the nature of cosmopolitan order encouraged by the World Tourism Organization. Given the growth of tourism activity and the challenges that it poses, this specialized agency of the United Nations has formally promoted equitable, responsible and sustainable development of tourism. However, the criticism of the principles from which the organization shapes tourism has put the focus on the objectives pursued. The conversion of these principles, included in the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, adopted in 1999, into an international convention, approved in September 2017, presents a new scene that this work outlines from the cosmopolitanism perspective.

Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of renal artery stenosis. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is associated with three clinical problems: renovascular hypertension, ischemic nephropathy and cardiac destabilization syndrome which pose huge healthcare implications. There is a significant rate of natural disease progression with worsening severity of renal artery stenosis when renal revascularization is not pursued in a timely manner. Selective sub-groups of individuals with ARAS have had good outcomes after percutaneous renal artery stenting (PTRAS). For example, individuals that underwent PTRAS and had improved renal function were reported to have a 45% survival advantage compared to those without improvement in their renal function. Advances in the imaging tools have allowed for better anatomic and physiologic measurements of ARAS. Measuring translesional hemodynamic gradients has allowed for accurate assessment of ARAS severity. Renal revascularization with PTRAS provides a survival advantage in individuals with significant hemodynamic renal artery stenosis lesions. It is important that we screen, diagnosis, intervene with invasive and medical treatments appropriately in these high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Opioid Maintenance Treatment (OMT) is a well-evaluated treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Especially, under the condition of imprisonment, OMT is a preventive measure regarding infectious diseases such as hepatitis C. However, only a minority of prisoners with OUD are currently in OMT in numerous countries. In 2009, the Ministry of Justice of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, launched the process of implementing OMT in prisons with various elements (e.g. development of recommendations regarding the treatment of prisoners with OUD, monitoring the number of prisoners in OMT, education of prison doctors). In the recommendations OMT was defined as the gold standard of treatment of OUD.Methods: To assess the effectiveness of the implementation strategy a survey on the prevalence of OMT in prisons in NRW was carried out twice a year by the Ministry of Justice between 2008 and 2016. Participants were prisoners in NRW, Germany. The diagnosis of OUD at admission to prison and the treatment state on survey dates was measured.Results: The number of prisoners in NRW dropped from 17,301 in 2008 to 16,432 in 2016. In the same period, the number of prisoners with OUD (mainly males) dropped from 4201 persons to 3650 persons and the number of prisoners in OMT increased from 139 persons (3.3%) to 1415 (38.7%) persons.Discussion: Currently, the percentage of prisoners with OUD in OMT in NRW is almost reaching the treatment rate outside prisons in Germany (45-50%). However, after release from prison there is still a high risk for a discontinuation of OMT.Conclusions: Overall, the top-down approach of implementing OMT in prisons in the federal state of NRW was effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization Modulo Theories (OMT ) is an extension of SMT which allows for finding models that optimize given objectives. OptiMathSAT is an OMT solver which allows for solving a list of optimization problems on SMT formulas with linear objective functions—on the Boolean, the rational and the integer domains, and on their combination thereof—including (partial weighted) MaxSMT. Multiple and heterogeneous objective functions can be combined together and handled either independently, or lexicographically, or in linear or min–max /max–min combinations. OptiMathSAT provides an incremental interface, it supports both an extended version of the SMT-LIBv2 language and a subset of the FlatZinc language, and can be interfaced via an API. In this paper we describe OptiMathSAT and its usage in full detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine whether osteopathic manipulation of the T9–T10 vertebrae improves the evolution of tonsillitis. A randomized, stratified, controlled clinical trial with blinded patients, evaluator and data analyst was performed. The patients in the control group (CG) underwent a “sham” manipulation. A high-speed, low-amplitude technique was applied to the T9–T10 vertebrae in the osteopathic manipulative group (OMG) patients. The number of days needed to resolve the tonsillitis was significantly lower (p = 0.025) in the OMG (2.03 ± 0.95 days) than the CG (2.39 ± 0.82 days). Additionally, the number of episodes of tonsillitis after the treatment decreased significantly more in the OMG (0.8 ± 1.88 episodes/year in total) than the CG (2 ± 2.12) (p = 0.005). In the OMG, 60.8% had no recurrences of tonsillitis, compared to 22.5% of the CG, in the following year (χ2 (1) = 15.57, p < 0.001). No patients reported adverse effects. It has been concluded that during an episode of tonsillitis, the number of days to resolution was significantly lower after the application of an osteopathic manipulation of the T9–T10 vertebrae, compared to a sham manipulation. The number of subsequent year tonsillitis episodes was greatly reduced in both groups, significantly more in the OMG than in the CG patients.

Objective: The objective of this article is to gain insight into how individuals who frequent open illicit drug scenes experience opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and investigate how this appears to affect their recovery processes. Method: By means of the ethnographic method, one of the researchers spent time in an open illicit drug scene over a 1-year span, and gathered data on individuals who frequent the scene on a regular basis, and their experiences with OMT. The data are based on field notes and audiotaped interviews. Findings: Four themes emerged as relevant for the participants’ experiences with OMT: 1) the loss of hope, 2) trapped in OMT, 3) substitution treatment is not enough, and 4) stigmatization of identity. Conclusion: The participants found the OMT to be overruling and degrading. Several of the individuals from the illicit drug scene are part of the OMT programme, but as the treatment does not remove painful emotions, they supplement OMT with illegal substances, violate the OMT regulations, and run the risk of being excluded from the programme. In fear of losing the replacement opioid, they conceal parts of the addiction they seek treatment for and end up lying and cheating instead of exploring strategies for reducing and managing the addiction. The patients’ relation to the OMT personnel is negatively affected by the need to hide a large portion of their issues. The result is a feeling of hopelessness, increased stigmatization, lack of control and being trapped between two worlds—in limbo, an intermediate state which interferes with the recovery process.

La Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT), define al turismo como la suma de relaciones y de servicios; el turismo crea las interrelaciones de importancia social, pero crea principalmente las interrelaciones económicas, así, este se ha convertido en el motor del quehacer turístico y en una de las actividades económicas más importante de varios países, en los cuales el turismo no solo impacta al propio sector económico, sino que además influye en los resultados de otros sectores, en la calidad de vida de los habitantes y su desarrollo social, al igual que en la conservación de los atractivos turísticos.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2016 1(2), 501-531 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. The ECB's conditionality in context. - III. Conditionality applied to collateral eligibility for Eurosystem credit operations. - IV. Conditionality applied to the provision of Emergency Liquidity Assistance. - V. Conditionality applied to the Securities Markets Programme. - VI. Conditionality applied to the transfer of SMP profits to Greece. - VII. The shift to explicit conditionality in the Outright Monetary Transactions and the Public Sector Purchase programmes. - VIII. Conclusions. | (Abstract) The aim of this research is to clarify the legal framework under which the ECB applies its conditionality policy, by making a distinction between implicit and explicit conditionality. In the first years of the sovereign debt crisis, the ECB resorted to an implicit form of conditionality, driving Euro Area Member States towards acceptance of an economic adjustment programme or the adoption of significant economic, fiscal and structural reforms. Implicit conditionality has been applied in the context of the ECB's collateral policy, to the provision of Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA), to the purchase of sovereign bonds under the Securities Markets Programme (SMP), as well as to the transfer of profits deriving from these purchases (the so-called SMP profits). Eventually, the ECB decided to shift to explicit conditionality. Under the Outright Monetary Transactions programme (OMT) and the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP), sovereign bonds purchases became subject to compliance with the EU/IMF strict and effective conditionality. The temporary framework for collateral eligibility was modified following the same approach. While the shift to explicit condi-tionality has to be welcomed, it does not lessen concerns about the ECB's democratic accountability and its interference in domestic reform processes. Some regards the ECB's conditionality as a true political action departing from the standards of neutrality and independence that central banks should meet. This paper describes the set of policy instruments through which conditionality has been applied, with a view to assess the legitimacy of the ECB's actions.

Background: There is paucity in the literature regarding the role of the interoceptive pathway through the insular cortex (IC), as well as heart rate variability (HRV) in relation to Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy (OMT) and deep-touch.Aims: The present study investigated whether both OMT treatment and deep-touch (a newly hypothesized treatment option) was effective at altering the interoceptive pathway and HRV, whilst OMT was only expected to be effective for increasing Range of Motion (ROM).Methods: Thirty-five healthy volunteers were randomly allocated into three conditions in a repeated measures crossover design; a control (laying supine on a plinth); deep-touch (head cradling); and an osteopathic mobilization therapeutic technique on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Interoceptive accuracy (IAc), HRV, as well as range of motion (ROM) for the TMJ area as well as the cervical spine (Csp) right and left measures were taken pre and post each condition setting.Results: Significant condition effects emerged from the deep-touch and mobilization interventions for IAc where increases were identified through planned comparisons. For the HRV measure (RMSSD), a significant effect emerged in the deep-touch condition (increase) but not in the mobilization or control conditions. ROM did not increase for any condition. IAc correlated with post-ROM outcomes in many cases and HRV moderated some of these relations.Conclusion: These results are discussed in the context of clinical practice, where cranial deep-touch maybe an effective treatment and modulator of the parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as the interoceptive system.

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the evolutionary significance of the early-diverging flowering plant Amborella (Amborella trichopoda Baill.) is widely recognized, its metabolic landscape, particularly specialized metabolites, is currently underexplored. In this work, we analyzed the metabolomes of Amborella tissues using liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS). By matching the mass spectra of Amborella metabolites with those of authentic phytochemical standards in the publicly accessible libraries, 63, 39, and 21 compounds were tentatively identified in leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Free amino acids, organic acids, simple sugars, cofactors, as well as abundant glycosylated and/or methylated phenolic specialized metabolites were observed in Amborella leaves. Diverse metabolites were also detected in stems and roots, including those that were not identified in leaves. To understand the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites with glycosyl and methyl modifications, families of small molecule UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and O-methyltransferases (OMTs) were identified in the Amborella genome and the InterPro database based on conserved functional domains. Of the 17 phylogenetic groups of plant UGTs (A−Q) defined to date, Amborella UGTs are absent from groups B, N, and P, but they are highly abundant in group L. Among the 25 Amborella OMTs, 7 cluster with caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CCoA) OMTs involved in lignin and phenolic metabolism, whereas 18 form a clade with plant OMTs that methylate hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, or alkaloids. Overall, this first report of metabolomes and candidate metabolic genes in Amborella provides a starting point to a better understanding of specialized metabolites and biosynthetic enzymes in this basal lineage of flowering plants.

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Loss of stability and persistent swelling in patients with subtalar joint injury occur very often. Diaphragm plays an important role in providing proprioceptive information and its proper function remains a key factor reducing swelling in the distal part of the body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diaphragm osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on postural control and swelling reduction. Methods. The study is a case report describing a 23-year-old male who injured his right subtalar joint during a football match. Before the therapy, a complex physical examination was performed: muscle strength and range of motion of lower limbs evaluation, initial testing of postural control, and the level of swelling determination with the figure-of-eight method. After extensive diagnosis, two OMT techniques were used: doming the diaphragm technique and thoracic pump with respiratory assist technique. Subsequently, the second static stability test and figure-of-eight method were applied. Results. The length of the centre of pressure (COP) path with eyes opened decreased by 15%, and with eyes closed by 45%. The surface area circled by the COP path with eyes open decreased by 22%, and with eyes closed by 68%. There was no immediate change in swelling. Conclusions. The study confirmed the efficacy of diaphragm OMT in improving postural control. Screening for diaphragm dysfunction should be part of complete osteopathic assessment in subtalar joint injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) involves the destruction of articular cartilage and the overgrowth of bone with lipping and spur formation. Nerve endings in the joint capsule and adjacent tissues play a major role in the pain mechanisms of osteoarthritis. This often requires patients to seek pain control measures beyond over-the-counter drugs, such as local anesthetics. Osteopathic manipulation treatment (OMT) is a conservative, non-pharmacological treatment that can be used to help treat chronic pain associated with OA. Other non-pharmacologic therapies include weight loss, exercise, physical therapy (PT), and assistive devices. However, pharmacologic management may be added synergistically to control flares and maintain baseline activities of daily living. While oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the mainstay of treatment for pain and inflammation associated with OA, they have a non-selective inhibitory action that often results in negative side effects when used chronically. The possibility of minimizing these complications through alternate treatments such as topical NSAIDs provides an opportunity for patients to receive adequate pain relief from OA without suffering unnecessary consequences. This literature review seeks to assess the state of research regarding topical NSAIDs and OMT as alternatives to the current gold-standard treatment of OA. The significant inclusion criteria consisted of articles that described the effects of OMT on OA or the use of topical NSAIDs such as Voltaren on OA. Due to the limited articles found, a qualitative analysis was performed, and the salient conclusions are outlined. Alternative pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, such as topical diclofenac gel and OMT, have shown promising results in the treatment of pain in OA. It is seen that a majority of patients achieve pain management using NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or topical analgesics. Both diclofenac sodium and OMT have individually been shown to be effective treatments of OA when compared to the use of oral NSAIDs. A holistic treatment approach that utilizes both topical diclofenac sodium and OMT may provide OA patients with an effective option to reduce their moderate to severe chronic pain with limited side effects. Further, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to identify whether synergistic effects occur when combining diclofenac sodium gel and OMT for pain relief in patients with OA., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Stoll et al.)

The paper has three parts: Introduction wich has the following sub chapters: 1.1. Tourism a double faceted activity and 1.2 OMT and ecotourism. The second part, Ecotourism failures, structured on the following sub chapters: 2.1.A list of disgrace, 2.2. The archaeological site of Mirador, 2.3. Paraiso del Mar, 2.4. Micos Beach, and the last part Conclusions and Bibliography. The paper is meant to define ecotourism, especiallly its failures in Central and South America, famous tourist destinations, natural sites and lanscapes, spectacular and vergin teritories. These future destinations are becoming an easy prey for ,,human sharks, careless of natural and social environment. They hide themselves under the magic word ecotourism

The effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in the modification of various hormones has been studied; however, there is still a need for quantitative measurements to determine how large of an influence exists. The goal of this meta-analysis is to investigate the implications OMT has on cortisol levels. A systematic literature search restricted to English was performed from October 2022 to November 2022 using Google Scholar, OSTMED.DR, and PubMed and included articles from 2000 onward. Articles were excluded if they did not include a measurement for the control group in their study. We identified 4120 studies for potential inclusion. Of these, a total of four studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 135 participants (N= 68 OMT, N= 67 control). Out of the 135 participants, 126 participants (N= 62 OMT, N= 64 control) made up the salivary cortisol studies, and the remaining nine participants made up the serum cortisol studies (OMT N= 6, control N= 3). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) bias assessment tool was utilized to measure the risk of bias. Standard mean differences were calculated for effect size. A mean difference in cortisol of 0.10μg/dl (-10μg/dl, 95%CI -0.15, -0.04) was found when comparing all pre- versus post-cortisol levels with OMT versus sham control groups. OMT demonstrated a 0.10μg/dl larger decrease in cortisol than sham control treatments. The standard mean difference was found to be -0.46 (95%CI -1.40, 0.48) making this finding a medium effect size without significance. Heterogeneity for the salivary analysis measured by I 2 was 0% indicating no significant heterogeneity across studies. When serum cortisol was included, heterogeneity stayed at 0%. A larger number of high-quality studies, especially those specific to serum cortisol, are recommended, to elucidate the relationship between OMT and cortisol. This research suggests OMT reduces cortisol more than sham treatment before versus after OMT treatment, and though the change is small when comparing after one treatment, it may have clinical usage if multiple OMT sessions are performed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Thibaut et al.)

UNWTO defines tourism as the sum of relationships and services; tourism creates the interrelationships of social significance, but mainly creates economic interrelationships, so this has become the engine of tourism work and one of the most important economic activities in several countries, in which the tourism not only impacts the own economic sector, but also influences the results of other sectors, the quality of life of the inhabitants and their social development and conservation attractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]