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Maximum oxygen consumption and maximum power output are critical measures for training prescription in endurance sports such as rowing. The objective of this investigation was twofold: to compare the physiological and mechanical responses of female and male traditional rowers during a graded exercise test and to establish reference values in this specific rowing modality that have not yet been documented, unlike in Olympic rowing. Twenty-one highly trained/national level rowers participated in the study: 11 female (age: 30.1 ± 10.6 years, height: 167.3 ± 5.0 cm, body mass: 61.9 ± 4.9 kg) and 10 males (age: 33.5 ± 6.6 years, height: 180.8 ± 6.9 cm, body mass: 74.4 ± 6.9 kg). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in rowing performance between sexes, with a very large effect size (d = 7.2). The peak power output for the female rowers was 180.9 ± 11.4 W and 287.0 ± 17.7 W for the male rowers. The female rowers reached a VO2max of 51.2 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min at a mean of 174.5 ± 12.9 W, while the males’ VO2max was 62.1 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min at a mean of 280.0 ± 20.5 W. These differences in VO2max and maximal aerobic capacity were significant (p < 0.05), with a large (d = 1.9) and very large (d = 6.2) effect size, respectively. A moderate association between VO2max, and rowing performance expressed in watts per kilogram of muscle mass was observed in the female rowers (r = 0.40, p = 0.228). For the male rowers, the correlation between VO2max and relative peak power output in watts per kilogram of body mass was strong (r = 0.68; p = 0.031). This study highlights the differences in the kinetics of ventilatory and mechanical parameters between female and male rowers and the importance of these differences for specific physical preparation in traditional rowing. This study was supported by the Vice-Rectorate Program of Research and Knowledge Transfer for the Promotion of R&D at the University of Alicante (Ref. GRE20-21A).

Cilj ovog randomiziranog, dvostruko slijepog, placebom kontroliranog istraživanja s ukriženim ustrojem bio je utvrditi akutni utjecaj kofeina na prosječni i vršni izlaz snage u testu na veslačkom ergometru kod ispitanika iskusnih u treningu sa otporom. Istraživanje je provođeno na uzorku od 25 muških ispitanika (dob ( aritmetička sredina ± standardna devijacija) 23 ± 2,0 godine, visina 181,5 ± 7,3, masa 83,2 ± 11,3) koji su kroz 3 dolaska u laboratorij prošli upoznavanje sa testiranjem, te testiranje izvedbe nakon konzumacije 6 mg/kg placeba (dekstroza) ili 6 mg/kg kofeina. Zadatak ispitanika je bio izvesti šest zaveslaja s maksimalnim ulaganjem sile i brzine na veslačkom ergometru uz prethodno zagrijavanje. Varijable koje su proučavane bile su prosječni izlaz snage (prosjek svih 6 maksimalnih zaveslaja) i vršni izlaz snage (najjači pojedinačni zaveslaj). U uvjetima konzumacije kofeina dobivena je statistički značajna razlika u vršnom izlazu snage u odnosu na placebo (p=0,02) dok je za prosječni izlaz snage konzumacija kofeina u odnosu na konzumaciju placeba rezultirala ne postojanjem statistički značajne razlike (p=0,19) iako se i tu u prosjeku postižu bolji rezultati. Zaključeno je kako kofein ima ergogeni učinak na vršni izlaz snage u kompleksnom motoričkom zadatku. Temeljem rezultata može se preporučiti konzumacija kofeina prije kratkotrajnih kompleksnih motoričkih zadataka u svrhu akutnih poboljšanja izvedbe, specifično, poboljšanja u izlazu snage. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross sectional study was to determine the acute effects of caffeine on average and peak power output on a rowing ergometer in individuals experienced in resistance training. The study was conducted on a sample of 25 male subjects (age ( mean ± standard deviation) 23 ± 2,0 years, height 181,5 ± 7,3, weight 83,2 ± 11,3) who were through 3 visits to the laboratory passed familiarization with testing, and performance testing after consumption of 6 mg / kg placebo (dextrose) or 6 mg / kg caffeine. The task of the respondents was to perform six "all-out" strokes on a rowing ergometer with pre-heating. Variables studied: average power output (average of all 6 strokes), peak power output (strongest single stroke). In the conditions of caffeine consumption, a statistically significant difference was obtained in the peak power output in relation to placebo (p = 0.02), while for the average power output, caffeine consumption in relation to placebo consumption resulted in no statistically significant difference (p = 0,19) although on average better results are achieved here as well. It was concluded that caffeine has an ergogenic effect on peak power output in a complex motor task. Based on the results, caffeine consumption may be recommended prior to a complex motor task for the purpose of acute improvements in performance.

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je detaljno predstaviti veslački ergometar u svojim raznim izvedbama. Opisat će se njegova primjena kao trenažnog operatora kod sportaša, kako veslača tako i sportaša ostalih sportova, te kod rekreativnih vježbača. Opisat će se dijelovi i modeli veslačkog ergometra te njegov povijesni razvoj. Objasnit će se prednosti i nedostatci treninga na veslačkom ergometru te zašto je on ključan za trening veslača, ali i vrlo primjenjiv u treningu sportaša ostalih sportova. Također, opisat će se koristi u pogledu transformacije komponenti antropološkog statusa koje ovaj trenažni sadržaj čine popularnim kod raznih tjelesno aktivnih populacija. The aim of this thesis is to present in detail the rowing ergometer in its various designs. Its application in athletes (primarily rower competitors), and recreational exercisers will be described. Parts and models of a rowing ergometer will be mentioned as well as its historical development. The benefits in terms of transforming the components of anthropological status that make this training content popular with a variety of physically active populations will also be described.

Glavni cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti na vremenski rezultat ostvaren na veslačkom ergometru. U tu svrhu izmjerene su vrijednosti na uzorku studenata i studentica treće godine preddiplomskog studija Kineziološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Uzorak varijabli predstavljale su ukupno 22 varijable: 11 varijabli mjerenja morfoloških karakteristika, 10 varijabli iz testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti te varijabla ergometar kao rezultat testiranja na veslačkom ergometru na dionici od 2000 metara. Mjerenje morfoloških karakteristika uključivalo je sljedeće dimenzije: tjelesna visina i masa, opseg nadlaktice u fleksiji i opseg potkoljenice, dijametar lakta i koljena te kožni nabor bicepsa, tricepsa, lopatice, trbuha i lista. Skup testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti sastojao se od tapinga rukom, tapinga nogom, skoka u dalj s mjesta, sjedećeg bacanja medicinke s prsiju, zgibova nadhvatom, pretklona trupa do sjeda, veslanja na klupi, Biering-Sorensen testa, Wall squat testa te stojećeg pretklona na klupi. Povezanost morfoloških obilježja i motoričkih sposobnosti s rezultatom na veslačkom ergometru utvrđena je korelacijskom analizom, a zaključci doneseni na temelju vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije promatranih varijabli., The main aim of this thesis was to determine the influence of morphological characteristics and motor skills on the results achieved on the rowing ergometer. For this purpose, values were measured on a sample of third year undergraduate students of the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Split. The sample of variables consisted of a total of 22 variables: 11 variables measuring morphological characteristics, 10 variables from tests for motor skills assessment and the result on a rowing ergometer. The measurement of morphological characteristics included the following dimensions: body height and mass, mid-upper arm circumference and calf circumference, elbow and knee breadth, biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and calf skinfold. The set of tests for motor skills assessment consisted of handtapping, foot-tapping, broad jump test, seated medicine ball throw, chin-ups, full sit-up, seal rows, Biering-Sorensen test, Wall squat test and stand and reach test. The ergometer variable represented the test result achieved on a rowing ergometer at a distance of 2,000 meters. The correlation of morphological characteristics and motor abilities with the result on a rowing ergometer was determined by correlation analysis, while the conclusions were based on the correlation coefficient values of the observed variables.

Glavni cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti na vremenski rezultat ostvaren na veslačkom ergometru. U tu svrhu izmjerene su vrijednosti na uzorku studenata i studentica treće godine preddiplomskog studija Kineziološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Uzorak varijabli predstavljale su ukupno 22 varijable: 11 varijabli mjerenja morfoloških karakteristika, 10 varijabli iz testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti te varijabla ergometar kao rezultat testiranja na veslačkom ergometru na dionici od 2000 metara. Mjerenje morfoloških karakteristika uključivalo je sljedeće dimenzije: tjelesna visina i masa, opseg nadlaktice u fleksiji i opseg potkoljenice, dijametar lakta i koljena te kožni nabor bicepsa, tricepsa, lopatice, trbuha i lista. Skup testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti sastojao se od tapinga rukom, tapinga nogom, skoka u dalj s mjesta, sjedećeg bacanja medicinke s prsiju, zgibova nadhvatom, pretklona trupa do sjeda, veslanja na klupi, Biering-Sorensen testa, Wall squat testa te stojećeg pretklona na klupi. Povezanost morfoloških obilježja i motoričkih sposobnosti s rezultatom na veslačkom ergometru utvrđena je korelacijskom analizom, a zaključci doneseni na temelju vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije promatranih varijabli. The main aim of this thesis was to determine the influence of morphological characteristics and motor skills on the results achieved on the rowing ergometer. For this purpose, values were measured on a sample of third year undergraduate students of the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Split. The sample of variables consisted of a total of 22 variables: 11 variables measuring morphological characteristics, 10 variables from tests for motor skills assessment and the result on a rowing ergometer. The measurement of morphological characteristics included the following dimensions: body height and mass, mid-upper arm circumference and calf circumference, elbow and knee breadth, biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and calf skinfold. The set of tests for motor skills assessment consisted of handtapping, foot-tapping, broad jump test, seated medicine ball throw, chin-ups, full sit-up, seal rows, Biering-Sorensen test, Wall squat test and stand and reach test. The ergometer variable represented the test result achieved on a rowing ergometer at a distance of 2,000 meters. The correlation of morphological characteristics and motor abilities with the result on a rowing ergometer was determined by correlation analysis, while the conclusions were based on the correlation coefficient values of the observed variables.

Snaga predstavlja jednu od temeljnih motoričkih sposobnosti čovjeka, a poznato je da snaga u značajnoj mjeri utječe na uspješnost u gotovo svim sportskim disciplinama, ali i na uspješnost obavljanja brojnih svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Međutim, test za procjenu snage cijelog tijela, prema autorovim saznanjima, još uvijek nije razvijen i validiran. Cilj ovog rada bio je konstrukcija i validacija novog mjernog instrumenta za procjenu mišićne snage cijelog tijela čovjeka. Analizirala se pouzdanost, valjanost i diskriminativnost novog mjernog instrumenta koji se izvodio na posebno modificiranom veslačkom ergometru tipa Concept II. Uzorak ispitanika (n = 87) podijeljen je u tri grupe muških i tri grupe ženskih ispitanika, koji su se međusobno razlikovali prvenstveno po razini tjelesne aktivnosti (nisko aktivni – aktivni – sportaši). Svi ispitanici testirani su na antropometrijskim mjerama, standardnom testu snage (CMJ) i novokonstruiranom testu snaga na veslačkom ergometru koji je izveden na tri razine opterećenja (minimalno – srednje – maksimalno). Koeficijent varijacije (CV) i intraklasni koeficijent korelacije (ICC) ukazuju na visoku pouzdanost novokonstruiranog testa na sve tri razine opterećenja (CV: 2,6% do 6,5%; ICC: 0,87-0.98). Osjetljivost testa analizirana je kroz distribucije rezultata i izračunavanje Kolmogorov-Smirnovljeva testa normaliteta. Diskriminativnost testa utvrđena je razlikovanjem skupina temeljem aktiviteta. Kod sve tri grupe ispitanika i za sve tri razine opterećenja utvrđena je dobra osjetljivost testova, a niti jedna distribucija rezultata nije se značajno razlikovala od teoretski normalne za analiziranu veličinu uzorka ispitanika. Valjanost je utvrđena izračunavanjem Pearsonovog koeficijenta korelacije između rezultata novokonstruiranog testa sa standardnim testom snage (CMJ). Kod grupe nisko aktivnih ispitanika korelacije CMJ i vrijednosti dobivene na veslačkom ergometru iznosile su r = 0.72 (minimalni otpor), r = 0.74 (srednji otpor) i r = 0.76 (maksimalni otpor). Grupa tjelesno aktivnih ispitanika imala je vrijednosti korelacija r = 0.70 (minimalni otpor), r = 0.72 (srednji otpor) i r = 0.72 (maksimalni otpor) dok su najveće vrijednosti korelacija uočene kod grupe sportaša veslača, i to r = 0.76 (minimalni otpor), r = 0.76 (srednji otpor) i r = 0.78 (maksimalni otpor). Može se govoriti o vrlo velikim korelacijama između analiziranih mjera i to kod sve tri grupe ispitanika, te je konkurentna valjanost testa visoka. Ovo je jedno od prvih istraživanja koje je ponudilo i ispitalo koncept testiranja snage cijelog tijela primjenom veslačkog ergometra, odnosno koncept mjerenja snage cijelog tijela, a dobiveni rezultati daju nove smjernice u istraživanjima problematike snage kao i u konstrukciji mjernih instrumenata u kineziologiji općenito. Strength is one of the human basic motor skills, and it is known that the strength highly influences the success in almost all sports disciplines, as well as the success of performance of many daily activities. However, the body's full strength test, according to the author's knowledge, has not yet been developed and validated. The aim of this study was the construction and validation of a new measuring instrument for the assessment of the muscular strength of the entire human body. The reliability, validity and discriminativeness of a new measuring instrument was analyzed which was performed on a specially modified rowing ergometer type Concept II. The sample of examinees (n = 87) was divided into three groups of male and three groups of female examinees, who differed primarily on the level of body activity (low active - active - athletes). All examinees were tested on anthropometric measures, a standard strength test (CMJ), and a newly-constructed strength test on a rowing ergometer that was performed at three levels of load (minimum - medium - maximum). The coefficient of variation (CV) and interclass coefficient of correlation (ICC) indicate the high reliability of a newly-constructed test at all three load levels (CV: 2.6% to 6.5%, ICC: 0.87-0.98). The sensitivity of the test was analyzed through the distribution of results and calculation of Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test of normality. Discrimination of the test was determined by distinguishing groups based on activity. In all three groups of examinees, for all three load levels, good sensitivity of the test was determined, and no distribution of results was significantly different from theoretically normal for the analyzed sample size.Validity was determined by calculating the Pearson coefficient of correlation between the results of the newly-constructed test and standard strength test (CMJ). In the low-activated examinees CMJ and values obtained on a rowing ergometer were r = 0.72 (minimum resistance), r = 0.74 (medium resistance) and r = 0.76 (maximum resistance). The group of physically active subjects had correlation values r = 0.70 (minimum resistance), r = 0.72 (medium resistance) r = 0.72 (maximum resistance), while the highest correlation values were observed in a group of athletes, r = 0.76 (minimum resistance), r = 0.76 (medium resistance) r = 0.78 (maximum resistance). It can be discussed about very large correlations between the measures analyzed in all three groups of examinees which means that the competitive validity of the test is high. This is one of the first studies that has offered and tested the concept of testing the strength of the whole body using the rowing ergometer, i.e. the concept of measuring the strength of the entire body, and the results obtained give new guidelines in the research of power issues as well as in the construction of measuring instruments in kinesiology in general.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of indirect methods of assessment of VO2max for estimation of physical capacity of trained male and female rowers during a training cycle. A group of 8 female and 14 male rowers performed the maximal intensity test simulating the regatta distance (a 2 km test) and a submaximal incremental exercise test on a rowing ergometer. The suitability of the indirect methods of predicting VO2max during the training cycle was evaluated by performing the tests twice: in females at an interval of five months and in males at an interval of seven months. To indirectly estimate VO2max, regression formulas obtained for the linear relationship between the examined effort indices were utilized based on 1) mean power obtained in the 2 km test, and 2) submaximal exercises after the estimation of PWC170. Although the suitability of the two indirect methods of assessment of VO2max was statisticaly confirmed, their usefulness for estimation of changes in physical fitness of trained rowers during the training cycle was rather low. Such an opinion stems from the fact that the total error of these methods (range between 4.2-7.7% in female and 5.1-7.4% in male rowers) was higher than the real differences in VO2max values determined in direct measurements (between the first and the second examination maximal oxygen uptake rose by 3.0% in female rowers and decreased by 4.3% in male rowers).

With ergometers being frequently used in training programmes of rowers, consensus is needed to identify which design most closely reproduces the biomechanics of on-water rowing. Discussion exists about the movement allowed to the stretcher, with static designs fixating it, while dynamic models allowing displacement. To investigate how this affects muscular and kinematic coordination patterns, a group of nine male rowers were analysed whilst exercising on three ergometer designs, a static ergometer and two dynamic versions. 3D motion analysis was applied to measure displacement of body segments, joint angles and angular velocities. Electromyography was used to record activation patterns of major muscles. All participants were measured on all three ergometer designs; data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. Duration of the stroke phase turned out to be longer on the static ergometer and tibialis anterior and biceps femoris coordination patterns differed between static and dynamic ergometers. Kinematic data showed a more squatted posture at the end of recovery on the static ergometer. These differences were interpreted as distorted movement coordination resulting from the more inert moving mass on the static ergometer.

柔道競技は競技終盤に近付くと上肢が疲労困憊となるため，競技成績の向上には上肢の無酸素性持久力の強化が重要である．そこで柔道競技者における上肢の無酸素性持久力の評価の知見を得るために，柔道部男子7名とトレーニング部男子7名を対象に上肢・下肢運動を2－3分で疲労困憊になるような固定強度で負荷し，VO2，VCO2，HR，RQを経時的に測定した．上肢運動のHRmax，下肢運動のVCO2maxにおいて柔道部はトレーニング部より有意に低かった．その他の項目について有意差はなかった．したがって，柔道部は上肢の無酸素性運動においてトレーニング部より少ない心拍数で運動を行うことができる酸素運搬能力が高いということと，下肢の運動においては無酸素性運動でありながら，トレーニング部より有酸素能力が優れていることが分かった．しかし，この結果からでは，上肢の無酸素性持久力の評価方法を明らかにするには至らなかった．今後，本研究で得られた結果をふまえて，柔道競技者における上肢の無酸素性持久力の評価方法をさらに検討していく必要がある．, To improve competision results, it’s important to strengthen anoxiaendurance of your upper limbs.It's because the arm get exhausted when the judo competition gets closer to the end.So,in order to obtain a knowledge of the evaluation of anoxic stamina inupper limbs and lower limbs exercise in judo athlete, that was why Iimposed a load at fixed strength sothat upper limbs and lowew limbs Exercise were fatigued in 2 -3 minutes and measured VO2,VCO2,HR,RQ overtime.In HRmax of upper limbs exercise and VCO2max of lower limbs exercise ,judo club was significantly lower than training club.There was no significant difference in other items. Therefore, the oxygen carrying capacity that is capable of performing the exercise in heart rate less than the training section in anaerobic exercise of upper limb is high judo, yet anaerobic exercise, from the training part in movement of the lower limbs I found that aerobic capacity is excellent. However, in this result, I failed to reveal the importance of anaerobic endurance of upper-limbs. There needs to be based on the results in the future, was obtained in the present study, we continue to review the evaluation method of anaerobic endurance in judo athlete.

The aim of the present study was to develop an indirect method of estimating maximal oxygen uptake in oarsmen and oarswomen on the rowing ergometer based on both the submaximal exercises and the commonly used in this sport maximal exercise-type test that simulates rowing the distance of 2000 m. Forty-four oarsmen and 27 oarswomen from both the national team and the direct back-up were enrolled in the investigations. Two exercise tests on the Concept II rowing ergometer were employed: the submaximal test with incremental power output (anaerobic threshold test) and the maximal test, simulating rowing the distance of 2000 m in the shortest possible time (2-km test). During both tests, oxygen uptake and heart rate were recorded and the highest values of these parameters registered during the 2-km test were regarded as the VO2max and HRmax indices, respectively. The linear relation of the oxygen uptake to the power output (W) on the ergometer was detected in both the male (VO2=1.1328+0.0113W) and female (VO2=0.6652+0.0128W) athletes. Comparison of the regression lines demonstrated statistically significant differences between the oarsmen and oarswomen with respect to the intercept and the slope of the lines. Mean values of the directly measured VO2max equaled to 5.48±0.59 and 3.68±0.31 l•min-1 in the groups of oarsmen and oarswomen, respectively. The most accurate predicted values of VO2max were obtained based on the linear regression of VO2max against the mean power output (WM) in the 2-km test using the following formulas: VO2max (l•min-1) in the males = 1.682+0.0097 WM; VO2max (l•min-1) in the females = 1.631+0.0088 WM. In the males, the difference between the measured and predicted VO2max (∆%), correlation coefficient (r), standard estimation error (SEE), and total error (TE%) equaled to 0.12±4.96 (NS), 0.889 (P

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a mudança no posicionamento das pedaleiras da posição padrão chamada de posição usual para uma posição 10 cm superior a esta (sem alteração do ângulo 45º) chamada de posição modificada, interfere nas variáveis dependentes das relações entre força X tempo (potência e impulso). Como objetivos específicos pretendem-se avaliar as forças externas nos membros superiores e inferiores durante testes no remo ergômetro, relacionar os impulsos encontrados na manopla e nas pedaleiras à mudança do posicionamento das pedaleiras e verificar em qual posição das pedaleiras os remadores atingem a potência máxima. Foram construídas duas plataformas de força para mensuração das forças (perpendicular e paralela) aplicadas nas pedaleiras do remo ergômetro. Foi medida também a força exercida na manopla do remo ergômetro, sendo os testes filmados para obtenção das informações cinemáticas. O protocolo consistiu em remar durante 1 min nas potências nominais de 100, 200, 300, 400 watts e máxima subjetiva de cada atleta. O protocolo foi repetido para cada uma das posições das pedaleiras, com a ordem de execução aleatorizada. Foram calculadas curvas médias de força representativas de cada situação e os impulsos da manopla e pedaleiras. Dos oito atletas avaliados cinco atingiram maiores valores de potência máxima na posição modificada, um atleta obteve menores valores nessa posição, e outros dois não tiveram diferenças entre os posicionamentos. Para a fase de propulsão o impulso na direção horizontal, apresentou diferença apenas quando positivo, e nas potências 100 e 200 W, favorável na posição usual. O impulso na direção vertical diferiu, quando negativo, nas potências de 100, 300, 400 e máx, favorável na posição modificada. Considerando a falta de tempo de ambientação dos remadores a nova posição, pode-se inferir que a posição modificada foi melhor, e testes envolvendo modificações no barco são indicados para uma avaliação mais definitiva. The objective of this study was to verify if the change in the positioning footstrechers in the standard position to 10 centimeters above called modified position interfere with the dependent variable of the relations between force X time (power and impulse). As objective specific it is intended to evaluate the external forces in the superior and inferior limbs during tests in the rowing ergometer, to relate the impulses found in handle and in the footstrechers to the change of the positioning of the footstrechers and to verify which position of the footstrechers the rowers reach the maximum power. Two platforms of force were to construct for measure of the forces (perpendicular and parallel) applied in the footstrechers of the rowing ergometer. The force exerted in handle was also measured, being the tests filmed for attainment of the kinematic information. The protocol consisted of rowing during 1 min in the normal rated powers of 100, 200, 300, 400 watts and subjective maximal of each athlete. The protocol was repeated for each one of the positions of the footstrechers, with the randomized order. An average curve of force of each situation was to calculate representative and the impulses of handle and footstrechers. Of eight evaluated athletes five they had reached greater values of maximum power in the modified position, only one athlete showed smaller values in the modified position, and others two had not differences between the positioning. For the propulsive phase the impulse in the horizontal direction showed only difference when positive, and in the powers 100 and 200 W, favorable in the standard position. The impulse in the vertical direction differed, when negative, in the powers of 100, 300, 400 and max, favorable in the modified position. Considering the lack of time of environment of the rowers the new position, it can be inferred that the modified position was better, and tests involving modifications in the boat are indicated for a more definitive evaluation.

Komparativna analiza ispitivanih grupa pokazuje da je energetski kapacitet nesportista za oko 25% do 35% niži od energetskog kapaciteta veslača sa oko tri godine sportskog staža. Registrovana je razlika je većim delom nastala kao posledica sprovedenog trenažnog procesa, ali je takođe i odraz selekcije koja se u sportskoj grupi permanentno vrši. Kod veslača nisu nađene značajne razlike u VO2max i podnetom opterećenju prilikom testiranja na veslačkom i bicikl ergometru. Ovakav nalaz ukazuje na validnost oba postupka nu određivanju energetskog kapaciteta veslača, pa se kao takvi mogu podjednako koristiti u praksi. Grupa nesportista je ostvarilaznčajano veći rad na bicikl ergometru pri identičnom energetskom trošku. Ovakav nalaz je direktna posledica još neformiranog dinamičkog stereotipa za veslačke pokrete, odnosno manje mehaničke efikasnosti u odnosu na bicikl ergometar., The experiment involved 36 rowers with 2.9 years of experience and 32 non-sportists of usual and physical fitness and activity. On two occasions and at random, the testing was carried out on the rowing and bicycle ergometer. The test of maximum load of type "all out" was administered for 6 minutes. The cardiorespiratory parameters were registered continuously at the end of warming up, during load and during first 6 minutes of recovery. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was for the rowers 4.83 1/min on the rowing and 5.00 1/min on the bicycle ergometer. For non-sportists, these values were 3.62 1/min on the rowing and 3.67 1/min on bicycle ergometer. The registered differences for both groups were not significant statistically. All parameters that directly or indirectly indicate physical fitness and their changes are a direct consequence of adaptational processes on physical activity (VO2max, ventilation, O2 pulse, load, etc) and are smaller by about 25 to 35% for non-sportists. In the case of the rowers, there was not a significant difference in the results obtained on the two ergometers, so these results can both be used to determine physical fitness. The non-sportists, however, do not show a significant differences in oxygen consumption registered on the rowing and bicycle ergometers, but the load on the bicycle ergometer was about 16% greater which is statistically significant at the significance level p