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Wound healing faces significant challenges in clinical settings. It often contains a series of dynamic and complex physiological healing processes. Instead of creams, ointments and solutions, alternative treatment approaches are needed. The main objective of the study was to formulate bacitracin zinc-loaded topical patches as a new therapeutic agent for potential wound healing. A free radical polymerization technique was optimized for synthesis. Polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG-8000) was chemically cross-linked with acrylic acid in aqueous medium, using Carbopol 934 as a permeation enhancer and tween 80 as surfactant. Ammonium persulfate and N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) were utilized as initiator and cross-linker. FTIR, DSC, TGA, and SEM were performed, and patches were evaluated for swelling dynamics, sol-gel analysis, in vitro drug release in various media. A Franz diffusion cell was used for the permeation study. Irritation and wound healing with the drug-loaded patches were also studied. The characterization studies confirmed the formation of a cross-linked hydrogel network. The highest swelling and drug release were observed in formulations containing highest Polyethylene glycol-8000 and lowest N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide concentrations. The pH-sensitive behavior of patches was also confirmed as more swelling, drug release and drug permeation across skin were observed at pH 7.4. Fabricated patches showed no sign of irritation or erythema as evaluated by the Draize scale. Faster wound healing was also observed with fabricated patches compared to marketed formulations. Therefore, such a polymeric network can be a promising technology for speeding up wound healing and minor skin injuries through enhanced drug deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate topical calcineurin inhibitor loaded transfersomal drug delivery for vitiligo using rota evaporator followed by thin film method. Tacrolimus can restore the melanocytes if given in transfersomal gel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) had employed to study drug-excipients incompatibility. Analytical method was performed using UV spectrophotometer. Topical calcineurin inhibitor loaded transfersomal gel was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, percent drug entrapment, surface morphology, in-vitro drug release study, in vitro permeability study and stability study. Optimization of process parameter was done by 3² full factorial Design Expert software. Topical calcineurin inhibitor was successfully prepared with drug:lipid(1:10), lipid:surfactant(9:1), water as hydration medium, chloroform:methanol(9:1) as solvent, HPMCK100 as mucoadhesive agent and extract of catechu powder to provide colour on skin. Optimization study of process parameter shows that batch prepared with hydration time 55 min, evaporation time 15 min, hydration temperature is 50°C and temperature to form thin film is 60°C as optimum condition for rota evaporator. Particle size, zeta potential, percent drug entrapment were found to be 155.5 nm, -49 mV, 80% respectively for optimized batch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microemulsion system containing Thai mango seed kernel extract (MSKE, cultivar “Fahlun”) was developed and characterised for the purpose of topical skin delivery. The MSKE-loaded microemulsions were prepared by using the spontaneous emulsification method. Isopropyl myristate (IPM) was selected as the oil phase. A polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monododecanoate (1:1, w/w) system was used as the surfactant phase; an aqueous mixture of different cosurfactants (absolute ethanol, 96.3% v/v ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or 1,2-propanediol) at a weight ratio of 1:1 was used as the aqueous phase. Among the cosurfactants studied, the 1-propanol aqueous mixture had the largest microemulsion region (48.93%) in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Microemulsions containing 1% MSKE demonstrated good physicochemical stability during a six-month study period at 25 ± 2 °C/60% ± 5% RH. The ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated that the microemulsions exhibited a potent skin enhancement effect allowing MSKE to penetrate skin layers up to 60-fold higher compared with the control. Neither skin irritation nor skin corrosion was observed in ex vivo studies. The present study revealed that IPM-based microemulsion systems may be promising carriers to enhance skin penetration and delivering MSKE for topical treatment.

The aim of this study was to develop a Transdermal patch containing Cinnarizine using different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric systems by solvent evaporation technique employing Polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) as plasticizer. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers were studied by performing FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Formulated patches were evaluated for physicochemical properties, skin irritation, in vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeation studies across rat abdominal skin and stability studies. The results of FT-IR studies revealed that there were no interactions between drug and polymers used. All the formulations exhibited uniformity in physicochemical properties. In vitro permeation studies of the formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. Formulation F3 showed better permeation through rat skin (i.e., 8527.5±1.25μg/cm² /hr) compared to rest of formulations and followed Fick's diffusion mechanism. On the basis of in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo skin permeation performance, Formulation F3 containing the polymeric blend 19:1 Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose (HPMC E 50cps: Eudragit RL 100) has shown optimum release in comparison to other formulations and indicated good physical stability. So it has been demonstrated that Cinnarizine can be designed as matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and further in-vivo evaluations were required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]