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Prawo do godziwego wynagrodzenia bez wątpienia należy uznać za jedno z najbardziej podstawowych praw przysługujących każdemu człowiekowi. W odniesieniu do duchownych realizację tego fundamentalnego prawa zabezpiecza m.in. specjalny fundusz na rzecz utrzymania duchownych. Fundusz ten gromadzi dobra i ofiary przeznaczone na utrzymanie duchownych, którzy pełnią służbę na rzecz diecezji. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera genezę funduszu na rzecz utrzymania duchownych, druga zaś stanowi analizę ustawodawstwa kodeksowego w odniesieniu do podjętego tematu. The right to decent support is undoubtedly one of the most basic rights that each person has. With regard to the clergy, the implementation of this fundamental right secures, among others, a special fund for the support of the clergy. This fund collects temporal goods and offerings for the support of clerics who serve the diocese. The first part of the article contains the genesis of the fund for the support of the clergy, while the second part analyzes the Code legislation in relation to the subject taken.

With the new wave of social sector becoming a fundamental element in generating and shaping democratic practices in such counties as Armenia, the role and the strategic prominence of language and loanwords has been highly reemphasized in the frames of thorough investigation of word borrowing practice and of its contribution to the egalitarian developments. The current paper aims at disclosing the essential dynamics in regard to the development of loanwords uncovered during a former field work in Armenia, which primarily concerns the process, the causes, the social dynamics through which loanwords emerge, as well as the issues of "purity" of vocabulary and the interconnection between loanwords and local development processes in Armenia. The article is based on qualitative research methods; semi-structured, focus group and informal interviews have been carried out in order to collect the needed data. The results of the article suggest that being the basis of communication among different countries and societies, the process of word borrowing however is not always easy and autonomous, especially in the scope of democracy building; the creation and the development of new words and concepts is a complicated task, which requires cultural exchange, real manifestation of the concepts induced, as well as apt and professional assistance and sustenance. The paper concludes that notwithstanding all the efforts by humans, geopolitical, economic and cultural forces play a significantly stronger role, and thus changes and modifications in a language are inevitable, moreover the process appeals for facilitation and support in such developing countries as Armenia.

Mining companies generate tailings as a product of their metallurgical treatment, covering large amounts of land, generating pollution and hazards to the ecosystem, also, the optimization and increase of mining production is advancing rapidly being an important and worrying factor in this sector, because, in this specific case, it seeks to generate new alternatives to recycle this tailings and apply it in other activities, arising an opportunity to optimize the costs of support especially the cement used for the manufacture of shotcrete, since the high cost could take advantage of this tailings as a component of the concrete. To develop this research work, data collection techniques and the methodology of direct observation were used, because different types of physical-mechanical and petromineragraphic analysis were performed as a single component and in combination with the other elements of concrete; the results were encouraging, it was possible to integrate tailings into concrete and new mix designs were established, also, this work will generate lines of research to continue in the search for new applications of tailings in other activities of the sector., Las compañías mineras generan relaves como producto de su tratamiento metalúrgico, cubriendo enormes cantidades de terreno, generando contaminación y peligros al ecosistema, así mismo, la optimización y el incremento de la producción minera avanza rápidamente siendo ello un factor importante y preocupante en este sector, pues, en este caso específico, se busca generar nuevas alternativas para reciclar este relave y aplicarlo en otras actividades, surgiendo una oportunidad en optimizar los costos de sostenimiento sobre todo el cemento que se utiliza para la fabricación del concreto lanzado, ya que por el elevado costo se podría aprovechar este relave como un componente del concreto. Para desarrollar este trabajo de investigación se emplearon las técnicas de recolección de data y la metodología de la observación directa, debido a que se realizaron diferentes tipos de análisis físico-mecánicos y petromineragráficos como un solo componente y en combinación con los demás elementos del concreto; los resultados fueron alentadores, se logró integrar el relave al concreto y se establecieron nuevos diseños de mezcla, así mismo, este trabajo generara líneas de investigación para continuar en la búsqueda de nuevas aplicaciones del relave en otras actividades del sector.

Private tutoring has become a popular option for many university students in Bangladesh, especially in urban areas. Students at Pabna University of Science and Technology (PUST) are no exception, with many turning to private tutoring as a way to earn extra money, support themselves financially, and meet the expectations of their families. This study explores the real picture of private tutorship among students at PUST. Through a combination of online and offline questionnaire surveys, using purposive sampling, the paper identifies the factors that affect the income distribution of both male and female students. These factors include gender, Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) background, and place of residence, dependency, patriarchy, and social perception. The study finds a significant variation in income distribution between the males and their counterparts at PUST. The study revealed several factors, such as higher secondary background, mobility, residence level, dependency, and solvency of family, that caused the variation in income from tutorship. However, few respondents think that tutorship has had a negative impact on their academic performance, while some do not know whether it has influenced their grades positively or negatively. The research contributes to the knowledge regarding the scenario of private tutorship among the public university students in Bangladesh, who mostly come from rural regions. This paper would be beneficial to different stakeholders, such as the government, university authorities, students, guardians, and academics who are related to the education system of Bangladesh., Cite this item: Hosen, M. (2023). Pattern of private tutorship in Bangladesh: Factors affecting income distribution of students of Pabna University of Science and Technology. 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In this article, we present the progression of lean deployment in a multilateral organization and subsequently characterize a dynamic capabilities framework of lean for organizational learning. It systematically explores the identification, execution, sustenance, and evaluation of lean in a service setting. A roadmap to lean deployment in pure-service environments and leveraging lean to create a win-win strategy for both employees and top management are a few key highlights of this article. Drawing parallels from dynamic capabilities literature, we propose a “dynamic capabilities” view of lean deployment (as a strategic resource), thereby evaluating lean's fitness to be recognized as a dynamic capability and not merely a process improvement practice.

Cooperativism is a method introduced by people in a society to neutralize the competitive prices of goods from among business sectors. It is a way for people to come together, put up their goods and services as one, and with the end in view of benefiting from their products. The purpose of this study is to appraise the fundamental function of cooperativism and how it can assist and sustain small farmers in their aim for food security. This work utilized hermeneutical phenomenology in understanding the lived experiences of small farmers in Barangay Cogon, Tanauan, Leyte, Philippines from the establishment of their cooperative, its operation, and its eventual success in giving them food security in the process. The results indicate that farmers were hesitant in establishing a cooperative because of the groundwork that accompanies it. But with the aid of the faculty members of the Eastern Visayas State University, the farmers underwent education on the nature of cooperativism. From there, the faculty members allowed the farmers to cultivate discipline, sustenance, and business integrity while operating the cooperative. Constant monitoring from the faculty members over the farmers was necessary to ensure that the cooperative was consistently maintained thereby achieving stability and eventual food security. For years now, the cooperative has helped its members substantially. Coincidentally, the occurrence of the covid-19 virus has made significant changes or damages to human life and properties, but this cooperative gave hope and food sustenance to its members. This study hopes that the effort of the initiators coupled with the cooperation and effort of the cooperative members exemplify the need to proliferate cooperativism in every society especially among poor farmers. Keywords: Cooperativism; Agricultural cooperative; Theory of cooperation; Phenomenological study; Research and extension service; Food security

Marriage and family are prominent institutions in society because they define a person’s essence of life and identity, through providing means and conditions for survival, participation and sustenance. Marriage thus has forms that are inclusive, given the social realities in an area. However, as society changes, we realise that the institution is also changing to respond to new anthropological demands. This paper deals with the polygamous form of marriage and the accruing transitions as well as tensions in this institution. The paper gives a cross sectional analysis of the phenomenon, discussing its continuities and discontinuities. The paper is aimed at highlighting the anthropological basis of marriage so that society may not judge people at the periphery, but support and understand them as well as regulate the institution of marriage to be inclusive. In order to discuss the surrounding tensions, the discussion will concern polygamy and Plural relationships based on situation analysis in Uganda, personal reflections, literature and field data.

This article delves into the analysis of informal commerce as a means of power created from the street vendor's perspective. This paper aims to evaluate the expressions of the itinerant executors of the practice of informal trade as a means of creating power. To do this, the conception of analysis, using the local practices referring to informal trade, were analyzed as a means of economic sustenance and in the same way, understood among selected groups as illegal. However independent of the local context and the established place. The thesis that follows is that the street trade has a functional character in the obtaining of power by groups; ideological promotion and not just an economic justification. The main findings and results of the research demonstrated that the decisions of the executors of the practice are permeated by a motivation for the illegal practice, which wanders between what is economically necessary and politically permissible. The situation that determines the functionality and applicability of informal trade acts, underestimates compliance with the existence of local trade policies and regulations of social life and instead, they are recognized as legitimate as they belong to groups of political control. Therefore, it contributes to the defense of the hypothesis, based on demonstrating that the practice of ambulance is presented as a valve for attention to unemployment, while it is tolerated as a means of opportunity to the creation of political power independent of the local or regional context.

Teaching-learning of the Arabic language has emerged as vital in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. However, a lack of studies exists on measuring the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of Arabic language teachers. Thus, this study explores Indonesian Arabic teachers’ TPACK and provides a conceptualization that the elements of TPACK are not separate; rather, each element facilitates the sustenance of other elements. To achieve this objective, a quantitative research approach is undertaken using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Data is collected from 320 teachers (snowball sampling) using Google forms. The data analysis reflects the inter-relation of the elements of TPACK, with a satisfactory TPACK of the Indonesian Arabic teachers. Additional findings suggest that teachers use technology minimally in designing tasks or even assessments despite their strong technological background. Further studies are recommended to explore teachers’ roles, teacher development programs, and religious motivation in achieving higher TPACK of Arabic language teaching.

Nigeria with a total land area of 190,771 square kilometers and over 200 million populations requires not only a functional transportation system, but also adequate resources for development efficient operations, as well as management of transportation sector. Resources, most especially in financial context are extremely crucial to the provisions, maintenance, management and sustenance of transportation system in order to efficiently operate various socio-economic engagements in the country. Hence, government at all levels in Nigeria usually makes financial provisions, most especially through annual budget for this vital sector among other competing needs. It is in this context that this paper examined insufficient resources in relation to transportation system in Nigeria with a view to improving mobility and accessibility and enhancing investment potentials socio-economic transactions in the country. This paper relied mostly on data from secondary sources through literatures, publication and other prints materials. This paper established that the resources deployed to the transportation sector through the yearly budgetary allocation are grossly inadequate. It therefore recommended an upward review in the budgetary allocation to the transportation sector so as to meet the growing demand of Nigerian from the sector.

In this paper, we use the framework of family social reproduction to investigate care relationships within cross-border marriages in Malaysia. Examining the narratives of Chinese Malaysian men and their Vietnamese spouses, we find that (i) the Malaysian men’s labour migration during their twenties and thirties leads to the deferment as well as enablement of marriage, reconfiguring social reproduction temporally and spatially within their life courses, while (ii) the Vietnamese women’s aspirations for migration, work, and marriage interlink with their desire to seek a better life, and their motivations to secure better options to contribute to the social reproduction of their natal families. Tensions in cross-border marriage arise from unmet expectations of care and sustenance, leading to frictions over contested roles and responsibilities in daily household maintenance and care activities, and compromises as marriage partners formulate social reproductive strategies. Exchanges of care, reproductive labour, and money within these marriages are embedded in relational meanings, pointing to the significance of recognising that the care work that shapes and sustains marital relationships is bidirectional, reciprocal, and undertaken by husbands as much as wives.

Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance, especially in the mountainous regions of developing countries. To implement effective policies to improve economic development, policymakers need insights at the grassroots level. Yet, there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of Pakistan. This study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities (OGAs) such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan. The study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan. Utilizing a logistic regression model, a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in OGAs. The survey results show that around 71% of farm managers are engaged in OGAs (with 24% in farm diversification, 61% in offfarm work and 15% in both). The share of female farm managers is 51% in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities (69%). The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work, while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm, having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural business. There are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics, agricultural income and some other variables. The logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm (and other) characteristics mostly explain farm diversification. These findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood strategies. Farm diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic needs. Both types of OGAs require specific support policies while attention needs to be given not to threaten regional food supply.

The current paper aims to examine the influencing factors in sustaining psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Hence, this paper plans to propose ways of increasing and sustaining psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Ibadan, Nigeria. The paper espoused a quantitative research approach based on a survey research design. The results showed that psychological distress, social support, domestic violence, and family conflict resolution significantly jointly and independently influence the sustenance of psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Ibadan, Nigeria. The results show that family conflict resolution is a noteworthy moderator of the negative influence of psychological distress and domestic violence in sustaining psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Besides, the outcomes indicate that religion significantly influences psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Therefore, developmental psychologists, organizational managers, human resources practitioners, counselors, and religious organizations should encourage ways of reducing psychological distress, by increasing social support, reducing domestic violence, and achieving consistent conflict resolution within families, as a way to sustain psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Nigeria. Thus, this paper has recognized psychological distress, social support, domestic violence, family conflict resolution, and demographic factors (for instance, religion) as significant influencers in sustaining psychological wellbeing amongst married career women in Ibadan, Nigeria.

PurposeKerala is one of India's most advanced states in human development and other social indices. This study aims to look at the management education scenario in Kerala from a macro-perspective and examines the existing trends, major issues and present challenges facing the sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study is driven by previously unexplored secondary data published by India's apex technical education regulator–All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). Qualitative and quantitative assessments are assimilated from the organization, dissection and categorization of unit-level data.FindingsBusiness schools (B-schools) in the state are facing acute distress in enrolments. There are intra-regional variations in institution count and occupancy rates. The vast majority of the institutions have no accreditation at all. The entire sector is facing a protracted decline.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has relied primarily on descriptive statistics considering a single discipline within the higher education sector in Kerala. Future studies should look at other disciplines (engineering, medicine) simultaneously. Use of statistical methods like panel data regression would be beneficial to find hidden trends in cross-sectional and longitudinal time-series data.Practical implicationsManagement education in Kerala is facing an existential crisis. This has implications for the state's economic development. The paper creates strong imperatives for government policymaking to forestall the complete decline of the sector.Social implicationsA highly literate state with advanced human development indices need not be a suitable location for building a knowledge-based economy. Government policy has strong implications for the development and sustenance of higher education. The relationship between government and business schools are symbiotic.Originality/valueThe paper maps the progression of B-schools from local to global. A typology of privately funded B-schools is proposed. The conceptual framework advanced in this study can contribute to further literature development. The suggested policy initiatives are applicable not only to Kerala but also to other tightly regulated markets.

This communication is an effort to decipher phytogeographic alterations particularly due to exotic plants associated with the teachings and disclosures of Lord Buddha. The various exotic taxa on Indian landmass in Lord Buddha’s time had an important role to play in human sustenance and civilization. The present author, therefore, analysed plant species as contained in ‘Pali Tipitaka’ in view of plant invasion in ancient period in Indian territory. It was possible to identify total 70 exotic plant species pertaining to 66 genera and 41 angiospermic families. Majority of them (47 species) are introduced for cultivation in India to sustain human life, while 19 species exhibit wildness and integral to Indian biodiversity in present time. Their native geographical regions are deciphered consulting relevant literature. They belong to both Old and New Worlds. Importance of ancient religious scriptures is brought under clearer focus from standpoint of phytogeography and plant invasion.

Indigenous plantlore is a manifestation in a given community, based on adaptation and wisdom of local people and environment. It develops over times and continues so also. This treasure of traditional knowledge is used to sustain the community and its bioculture. In long past, people of great understanding, christalized their wisdom in some treatises such as the Panini’s Astadhyayi. This treatise is understood and well known for the genesis and development of Sanskrit knowledge. Ancient Sanskrit scripts usually contain information concerning culture and sustenance based on plant world. The present author analysed it in view of plant invasion on Indian landmass in Panini’s time. Total 45 exotic plant species belonging to 44 genera and 29 angiospermic families are divulged from it. These belong to nearly all corners of the Old and New Worlds. Majority of them (28 species) are cultigens and still continue even in modern period in India. Of course, rest of them are wild, naturalised and presently constitute integral part of Indian biodiversity. The importance of such ancient treatises is dilated in this communication.

The issue of survival and sustenance are at the very foundation of every individual or organization. There are various factors that are essential for growth and sustenance of companies. There has been many research studies undertaken to gauge the success factors or to breakdown the components and study success in detail. Especially so, it gains even more importance when companies are serving the markets where consumers have very low incomes and have several unmet needs. Companies serving the base of the pyramid markets need relatively unique strategies and value propositions for success. The base of pyramid came into forefront when management thinkers C K Prahalad and Staurt L. Hart, formulated the “Bottom of the Pyramid” theory in a 2002 article about how businesses can help the poor while still able to make a profit. They noted that there was little competition among the millions of the poor, who essentially live in a world of non consumption. Through low prices, new business models and innovative products, and inclusive value creation corporations along with the help of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and local governments, could make money and do good for the larger cause by tapping this underserved market. It has been the belief of many that BOP consumers are typically characterised by several unmet needs, it could range from food, sanitation, transport, communication, and connectivity. It is also interesting to note that in several BOP markets where are overlapping needs not necessarily following the need hierarchy. Information and communication technology businesses have been able to occupy a larger share of the BOP consumers wallet than even basic needs such as sanitation or electricity. What then prompts these consumers and how can businesses reach out to these segments in a phased successful manner. This paper develops the concept, postulates, explanations, theoretical model, and business case basedproof on Cockroach Theory of Organizational sustainability and scalability by considering BOP business companies performance evidence.

Elections are important in a democracy that adheres to a representative system to determine a state leader, especially Indonesia, whose leadership system is presidential or also known as the congressional system. The function of elections is to act as a filter for "politicians" who will represent and bring the people's voice in representative institutions, those who are elected are considered as people or groups who have the ability or obligation to speak and act on behalf of a larger group through parties. politics (political parties). Therefore, the existence of political parties is a must in modern democratic political life. Gifts that come from state officials are no stranger to whether it be in the form of financial or goods assistance, one of the goals is none other than imaging, which is done openly in order to give a good image in front of the general public. The issue of money politics always appears in democratic events. Both at the village, district, city, provincial, and national levels. The emergence of money politics is due to the fact that people are still tolerant and permissive of money politics. The public considers money politics as a sustenance that cannot be denied, as an addition to daily needs, as a cost or compensation for the contestants. Because on election day they do not work, go to the fields, or the fields. So that money politics is considered as an opportunity to get fortune.

Succession planning has drawn substantial interest among researchers. Research reports designate deficiency of quality planning in the management of SMEs especially in developing countries like Nigeria and this constitutes a foremost limitation to the effective management of SMEs. Succession planning are fundamental to steady performance, sustainability and competitive advantage of SMEs. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of HR planning/forecasting on family business continuity and also to examine the effect of workers education on survival of entrepreneur. 110 copies of questionnaire were administered to the employees in the five selected SMEs in Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria to get primary data that treated and tested appropriate research questions and hypotheses accordingly. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficient and regression analysis was employed. The Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size. The test re-test reliability approach was adopted for the convenience of the researcher. Reliability was ensued by Cronbachs Alpha of 0.932. The data was analyzed using manual and electronic based methods through the data preparation grid and statistical package for the social sciences, (SPSS). The study found out that HR succession planning significantly assists SMEs to increase business continuity and Workers education significantly assists SMEs to increase business survival. The study recommends that organizational succession planning should be at regular interval as this will enable workers to know its importance and also business successors should be appointed based on merit so that the right and experience successors can manage the business.

In the present digital era, organizations worldwide are facing several opportunities and challenges in safeguarding and preserving significant data that are essential in the efficient functioning of organizational activities. Organizations have realized and understood the importance of data collection and analysis to influence target achievements and meet futuristic demands. Many small-scale enterprises and start-ups have also initiated decisions to implement technologies that enable a positive long-term impact. Due to these requirements, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) implementation has become a necessity to ensure future sustenance and functionality of existing and growing organizations. The operational activities in the organizational environment are forced to comply with the general data protection regulation policies and framework. The European Union general data protection regulation, which was imposed in May 2018 (European Union General Data Protection Regulation, 2016), has proven to be effective, both within the country's internal boundaries and globally. However, many organizations are still not familiar with the general data protection regulation compliance policies. The emergence of general data protection regulation has been a recent interest in the activities of various organizational sectors as they are attempting to understand the policies and compliance requirements on the implementation of GDPR applications. The research intends to explore the implications between the GDPR and emerging technologies and suggests various recommendations for organizations to implement and follow the GDPR guidelines that could enhance organizational activities.

Living Quran in terminology means the Qur'an that lives on par with the term Qur'an in everyday life, namely the Qur'an that lives amid everyday life. The primary objectives of this research are 1) Knowing the essence of the content of Surat al-Mulk and Al-Waqi'ah, 2) Studying the correlation of Surat Al-Mulk and Surat Al-Waqi'ah with the concept of life, 3) Knowing the responses of the Jambu Islamic Boarding School students al Islamy against the habit of reading Surat Al-Mulk and Al-Waqi'ah. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using interview, observation, and documentation instruments. The results of this study are as follows: First, the main points of Surah Al-Mulk consist of life, death, trials for humans, God's power in creating a multi-layered sky, God's command to pay attention to the universe, the threat of doom for people. Kafir, God's promise to the believers, God's warning to people who disobey Him. The contents of the letter Al-Waqiah tell about how the story happened. There is compensation for the believer and the disbeliever. As for fadhilah from Surah Al-Waqiah, among others, abundant sustenance, protection from harm, ease of death, and death will not fall into poverty. Second, based on interviews, the Kebon Jambu al-Islamy Islamic Boarding School students responded very well to the habit of reading Al-Mulk's letter like the dluha prayer and reading Al-Waqiah's letter like the evening prayer. As a result, the Kebon Jambu Islamic Boarding School seemed to get a blessing from reading the letter, as evidenced by the number of students and the increase in physical buildings in the pesantren environment. All of this is believed to be due to the blessing of reading Surah Al-Mulk and Surah Al-Waqiah. Finally, this study proved a correlation between reading Surah Al-Mulk and Al-Waqiah with the benefits of life.

Raudlatul Banat Islamic Boarding School has routine activities in the form of recitation of dzikir R ā tib Al- ‘ A ṭṭā s, which contains three elements, namely selected verses of the Qur ’ an, prayer of the prophet, and prayer of choice. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with the type of research Field Research and Library Research. The result of the research in this paper can reveal that the mujahadah tradition of reciting dzikir R ā tib Al- ‘ A ṭṭā s is a socio-religious practice that developed in Raudlatul Banat Islamic Boarding School. The activity is carried out routinely every Wednesday night, which is the routine of Abah Hud bin Yahya during his lifetime with senior clerics and Kyais in the hall of Raudlatul Banat Islamic Boarding School. After Abah Hud died, the routine was continued by his son, namely H. Syarif Ahmad Tholib Yahya. Meanwhile, the routines of the santri were held on the Sunday night of the evening at the Raudlatul Banat Islamic Boarding School. The significance of the mujahadah tradition is the reading of the remembrance of R ā tib Al-‘A ṭṭā s at Raudlatul Banat Islamic Boarding School based on the sociology theory of Karl Mannheim knowledge there are three categories of meaning obtained, namely the objective meaning as the family routines of Abah Syarif Hud bin Yahya and santri, Expressive meaning as practice that draws closer to God and the form of obedience to the teacher, as well as the meaning of the documentary as a whole culture. Then some of the transformations felt by the perpetrators include a calmer heart, facilitated all his affairs by Allah SWT, launched his sustenance, granted all his desirer, and protected from all vices..

Mobile number portability (MNP) across telecommunication networks entails the movement of a customer from one mobile service provider to another. This, often, is as a result of seeking better service delivery or personal choice. Churning prediction techniques seek to predict customers tending to churn and allow for improved customer sustenance campaigns and the cost therein through an improved service efficiency to customer. In this paper, MNP predicting model using integrated kernel logistic regression (integrated-KLR) is proposed. The Integrated-KLR is a combination of kernel logistic regression and expectation-maximization clustering which helps in proactively detecting potential customers before defection. The proposed approach was evaluated with five others, mostly used algorithms: SOM, MLP, Naïve Bayes, RF, J48. The proposed iKLR outperforms the other algorithms with ROC and PRC of 0.856 and 0.650, respectively.

Communication is one of important aspects in forming a happy and prosperous family. Poor communication in family would give negative effects on emotions and psychology of the family members. In this context, Islam has a complete solution to address all problems related to families’ matters which occur in daily life. This article discusses about family’s communication from Islamic perspective according to Surah Āli ‘Imrān verse 159. The study found that the style of communication suggested for Muslims family is around gentle and soft speaking, musyawarah and family’s relationship sustenance. The former communication approach is explained through six kinds of language methods mentioned in the Quran namely qaulan layyina, qaulan ma'rufa, qaulan sadida, qawlan karīmā, qaulan maysura and qaulan baligha. These methods of language were employed by the selected ten Chinese research informants through semi-structured interviews. Descriptive qualitative analysis was conducted thematically. The findings showed that all informants emphasized the importance of using these methods as means of getting attention, generating love and sustaining family relationships.

Failure to conduct violence-free elections in Nigeria has frequently reflected in the writings of local and foreign election observers and monitoring groups. Previous studies have devoted much attention to the consequences of electoral violence on sustenance and consolidation of democracy but less attention has been paid to the role political party elite play in this violence. This study examined the role of political party elite in election-related violence in Nigeria, 2011-2019. It equally assessed its nexus and implications for democracy and governance. The study utilized documentary research method using qualitative documentary analysis to analyze the data obtained from secondary sources following four-step approach. Findings revealed that political party elite exerted greater influence on politically-sponsored thugs, who were utilized to perpetrate election-related violence due to zerosum game, winners-takes-all syndrome, and non-punishment of electoral offenders with far-reaching implications for popular participation, free, fair and credible election, party politics, leadership legitimacy and stable polity. The study submitted that curbing party elite-sponsored electoral violence requires that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the National Assembly wake up to their responsibility of ensuring strict enforcement of laws for electoral offences as this would deter both sponsors and perpetrators from engaging in violence during election.

The Prayer Application Reaps Wisdom in fetching your dreams is Prayer Early Time. Prayers at the beginning of time show the level of faith, piety, and love for Allah. Congregational Prayers at the Mosque. Prayers in the congregation are prayers performed by two or more people together. Prayers that are established in congregation reap benefits from the viewpoint of mathematics and economics, because they have multiple merit values, especially if they are performed in mosques that get 27 degrees. The Wisdom of Prayer Reaping Blessings is that Rawatib circumcision prayer is jewelry. The wisdom of the 24 cycles of rawatib prayer if it is carried out continuously or for eternity istiqomah it will become a piece of jewelry for a person in the hereafter, it will become a jewelry on the face that carries out namely the emanation of faith and obedience Dhuha Prayer is Wealth is a sunnah prayer to seek and ask for sustenance. Tahajjud prayer is tranquility, because of the business of a believer, it sends a servant away and lulled by intimacy with Allah in the clear silence of the middle of the night so that I get peace and serenity. Witir Prayer is Life because Witir Prayer is a right (life), so people who want to do it will get the right, every servant has the right to perform Witir prayer as much as he likes. One rak'ah, three, five, seven, nine, and eleven. So if a servant exercises his right, namely witir prayer, then he has the right to get his right to life.

The tourism industry is probably one of the most affected by the crisis caused by Covid-19. It is the responsibility of politicians, tourism professionals and researchers to look for solutions to revive this important industry. This article shows how the development of Sustainable Tourism can help in the sustenance of the tourism industry, since one of the premises on which Sustainable Tourism is based is the non-overcrowding of tourist destinations (essential factor in the current context). Considering this argument and the existing regulations on lockdown rules, social distancing and meet up, it is considered that the practices in Sustainable Tourism can become a potential solution to stimulate tourist movements and help the revival of the tourism industry. Therefore, more specifically, the main objective of this article is to know tourist´s perception among about Sustainable Tourism and to determine which factors help its development. In this sense, the use of structural equation models in a research of 308 tourists has determined how factors related to the tourists’ attitude, motivation and perceived benefits provided by the development of Sustainable Tourism increase the intention to consume this type of tourism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02735-2.

The qualitative research of this kejawen ethno-economic aims to reveal actions kejawen culture of hamemayu hayuning urip bebrayan. Culture staple seller of panunggalan community in Gede Traditional Market-Surakarta makes people together with buyers. This atmosphere makes selling price determination is not solely economic benefits as much as possible. Therefore, the cultural tradition of hamemayu hayuning urip bebrayan becomes an analytical tool. Data was collected through participant observation of the panunggalan community and scholars. The results show cultural mysticism affects selling the price-determining concept that combines economic and non-economic values. This combination makes selling activities profit and loss and a spiritual and social belief that God gives sustenance through the buyer. An achievement makes it easy for sellers to feel what the buyer feels and considers the buyer, not someone else. This inner and outer whole conviction gave rise to kejawen ethno-economic. Ethno-economics is a transaction activity based on sympathetic feelings and thoughts not to harm (rumangsa handarbeni) by prioritizing honesty and kindness between seller and buyer. The activities of economic actors originate from the balance between the way of life and activities. The balance to always remember and obey God and love fellow humans as a form of guidelines for living life. Guidelines are the essence of life serenity according to God's will. This condition fosters a close brotherhood of increasing brothers (sedulur). Fraternal relations as a form of harmonious interaction, so far, have provided fluency (pelarisan) and wealth (pesugihan)