Search

Background: Treatment of Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) poses significant challenges for pediatric dentists due to its varied clinical manifestations and treatment needs. Understanding and evaluating different treatment options can improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze available evidence on treatment options for restoring MIH-affected young permanent teeth. Methods: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The search focused on therapies for young permanent teeth with MIH in children, employing predefined keywords and the Population, Concept, and Context framework. Results: A total of 20 studies were included from Turkiye, Brazil, Syria, Germany, Egypt, and India. Thirteen articles examined first molars, five focused on incisors, and two covered both. The population studied ranged from 6 to 18 years old, involving up to 281 children and between 30 to 326 teeth. The study provides insights into various management and treatment approaches for MIH-affected teeth, along with the effectiveness and long-term stability of different methods and materials. Conclusion: Materials such as resin infiltration, SDF, HVGI, full metal crowns, SSC, lithium disilicate, zirconia crowns, and CAD/CAM ceramic restorations offer greater longevity and require less retreatment in managing MIH-affected teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study This study aims to identify new concepts regarding young permanent teeth sealants used for caries prevention. Materials and methods Literature was searched for articles and written papers, using MeSH terms like: “young permanent teeth”, “sealants”. Results Dental sealing seems to be an effective solution in caries prevention, both in primary and young permanent teeth. Regarding the materials used as a sealant, literature shows three main categories: resin-based sealants, glass ionomer-based sealants and resin-modified glass ionomer sealants. Numerous studies have compared the efficacy of these types of sealants, concerning the stability of the material, retention rates and mechanical properties. Conclusions Dental sealing has proven to have a great efficacy in preventing occlusal caries and even arresting non-cavitary occlusal carious lesions in young permanent molars, regardless of the material used. Further clinical studies should be conducted, as current guidelines cannot clearly indicate a solution of choice regarding one material or other.

The present report describes two pulpotomies performed in a child patient, in the first permanent lower molars with open apex, without the presence of periapical lesions. Pulpotomy consists of removing the coronary pulp and maintaining the vital root pulp, with the insertion of a biocompatible capping material. This procedure is indicated for patients with young permanent teeth, as it is a minimally invasive treatment, allowing continued root formation, and allowing greater longevity of the element. Bioceramic repair cements have been the material of choice in conservative pulpal treatments, due to their excellent biological and physical-chemical properties, providing extremely strong results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, offering the potential for tissue repair and preservation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 30 patients aged 8 to 16 years with pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The patients underwent REPs, including disinfection, triple antibiotic paste application, and a coronal barrier. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and follow-up appointments at 6, 12, and 24 months. Radiographs were analyzed for root lengthening, apical closure, and resolution of periapical lesions. Results: The mean increase in root length after 24 months was 3.42 mm (SD ± 1.12 mm), and 90% of cases demonstrated complete apical closure. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pathology, was 80%. Conclusion: REPs show promising outcomes in young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, promoting root development, and apical closure.

Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, offering the potential for tissue repair and preservation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 30 patients aged 8 to 16 years with pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The patients underwent REPs, including disinfection, triple antibiotic paste application, and a coronal barrier. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and follow-up appointments at 6, 12, and 24 months. Radiographs were analyzed for root lengthening, apical closure, and resolution of periapical lesions. Results: The mean increase in root length after 24 months was 3.42 mm (SD ± 1.12 mm), and 90% of cases demonstrated complete apical closure. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pathology, was 80%. Conclusion: REPs show promising outcomes in young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, promoting root development, and apical closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the duration of treatment and the number of dental radiographs taken during endodontic treatment (endo-t) of young permanent teeth (YPT). Materials and Methods: Age, gender, affected tooth number, apex status, duration of treatment and dental radiographs taken during this period were retrospectively evaluated in pediatric patients aged 6–15 years who presented to the pedodontic department for endo-t of anterior YPT. Data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H, Dunn and Pearson chi-square tests. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in all analyses. Results: Anterior endo-t was initiated in 471 of 9,200 pedodontic patients between the ages of 6 and 15 years who applied to our university. The reason for seeking treatment was caries (8.1%) and trauma (91.9%). It was observed that 59% of the teeth had an open apex and 45.7% had a closed apex. A total of 1893 periapical radiographs (Per-R) and 245 panoramic radiographs (Pan-R) were taken from 471 pediatric patients during the treatment period. Total number of dental radiographs was 2138 with 4.5 per patient. Number of Per-R was lower in patients whose treatment was completed in a single session (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of Pan-R with respect to duration of treatment (p = 0.560). Conclusions: In children, the number of Per-R significantly increased with prolonged duration of treatment encompassing multiple sessions for endo-t procedures of anterior YPT, decided based on the apex and lesion status of the affected tooth. Especially in long-term traditional apexification treatments, treatment should be carried out in children with the ALADAIP (As Low As Diagnostically Achievable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific) principle in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective A retrospective study of the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) and indirect pulp capping (IPC) was carried out in children between 6–14 years‐old, considering separately primary caries or caries affecting teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and methods Data were collected in a dental public health service. Following the inclusion criteria, 232 treatments were analyzed. Success was defined by the presence of a functional tooth without clinical signs or symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. The success rate was correlated to patient gender, the affected tooth and the indication of therapy using the chi‐squared and Fisher exact test. The success time related to treatment type was evaluated through the Mann–Whitney test. Results The IPC and DPC success rate was 99.4%, and 84.6%, respectively (p = .01). Success was significantly lower when caries affected teeth with MIH than when caries affected teeth without MIH (p = .01). The mean survival for DPC and IPC was 14.07 ± 1.30 and 15.98 ± 0.80 months, respectively (p = .07). Conclusions When caries were located in teeth that were not affected by MIH, IPC was significantly more successful than DPC, but did not differ significantly when caries were placed in teeth with MIH. Key points Minimally invasive therapy is a successful approach for decayed young permanent teeth. The success of IPC was greater than the success of DPC wen caries was placed in teeth not affected by MIH. In teeth not affected by MIH the success of DPC or IPC did not differ significantly.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the duration of treatment and the number of dental radiographs taken during endodontic treatment (endo-t) of young permanent teeth (YPT). Materials and Methods: Age, gender, affected tooth number, apex status, duration of treatment and dental radiographs taken during this period were retrospectively evaluated in pediatric patients aged 6–15 years who presented to the pedodontic department for endo-t of anterior YPT. Data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H, Dunn and Pearson chi-square tests. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in all analyses. Results: Anterior endo-t was initiated in 471 of 9,200 pedodontic patients between the ages of 6 and 15 years who applied to our university. The reason for seeking treatment was caries (8.1%) and trauma (91.9%). It was observed that 59% of the teeth had an open apex and 45.7% had a closed apex. A total of 1893 periapical radiographs (Per-R) and 245 panoramic radiographs (Pan-R) were taken from 471 pediatric patients during the treatment period. Total number of dental radiographs was 2138 with 4.5 per patient. Number of Per-R was lower in patients whose treatment was completed in a single session (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of Pan-R with respect to duration of treatment (p = 0.560). Conclusions: In children, the number of Per-R significantly increased with prolonged duration of treatment encompassing multiple sessions for endo-t procedures of anterior YPT, decided based on the apex and lesion status of the affected tooth. Especially in long-term traditional apexification treatments, treatment should be carried out in children with the ALADAIP (As Low As Diagnostically Achievable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific) principle in mind.

Objective: A retrospective study of the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) and indirect pulp capping (IPC) was carried out in children between 6–14 years‐old, considering separately primary caries or caries affecting teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and methods: Data were collected in a dental public health service. Following the inclusion criteria, 232 treatments were analyzed. Success was defined by the presence of a functional tooth without clinical signs or symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. The success rate was correlated to patient gender, the affected tooth and the indication of therapy using the chi‐squared and Fisher exact test. The success time related to treatment type was evaluated through the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The IPC and DPC success rate was 99.4%, and 84.6%, respectively (p =.01). Success was significantly lower when caries affected teeth with MIH than when caries affected teeth without MIH (p =.01). The mean survival for DPC and IPC was 14.07 ± 1.30 and 15.98 ± 0.80 months, respectively (p =.07). Conclusions: When caries were located in teeth that were not affected by MIH, IPC was significantly more successful than DPC, but did not differ significantly when caries were placed in teeth with MIH. Key points: Minimally invasive therapy is a successful approach for decayed young permanent teeth.The success of IPC was greater than the success of DPC wen caries was placed in teeth not affected by MIH.In teeth not affected by MIH the success of DPC or IPC did not differ significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of access cavity designs on the fracture resistance and root canal filling efficacy of simulated young permanent molars. Methodology: A total of seventy human unerupted impacted mandibular third molar teeth were collected. Ten were allocated as control; the remaining were designated as experimental, which were divided into three groups (20 each) based on access cavity design. All the samples were exposed to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner before the access cavity preparation. Group I-The control group. Group IIa-traditional endodontic cavity (TEC), Group IIb-conservative endodontic cavity (CEC), Group IIc-ninja endodontic cavity (NEC). Endodontic access cavities were prepared and exposed to CBCT. Pre- and post-treatment percentage volumes of lost pericervical dentin were evaluated. Then the root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and subjected to CBCT imaging for the evaluation of root canal filling efficacy. Evaluation of fracture resistance was carried out using a universal testing machine. Results: On observation, the volume of lost pericervical dentin was (14.8%) in TEC, (8.3%) in CEC and (6.8%) in NEC. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between all the groups on root canal filling efficacy and the number of voids. Fracture resistance of the NEC and control group (P > 0.05) was greater compared to CEC and TEC. Conclusion: NEC is the accepted method that had better fracture resistance, with a minimum number of voids in the coronal and middle third of the root and had adequate apical seal compared to conservative and TECs.

Aim: The aim of this case report is to present three different patients who had horizontal and vertical root fractures of young permanent teeth, its diagnosis, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and long-term follow-up and success rate., Background: Root fractures are relatively rare with the prevalence of 0.5-7% in permanent and 2-4% in deciduous dentition. Timely intervention and accurate treatment procedures are the main concerns for long-term success of root fractures., Case Description: Case I and case II had horizontal fracture of immature permanent tooth. Patients reported with a chief complaint of pain in their upper central incisors. As a result of radiographic examination, horizontal root fractures were diagnosed. Teeth were treated with a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug (case I and case II) and repositioning and splinting (case II). Case III had vertical root fracture of immature permanent tooth. Tooth was treated with apexification (sectional obturation) and sealed with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) till the fracture site and flowable light cure restoration. Patients were scheduled for follow-up visits at different time intervals. Radiographic evidence indicated ongoing root development in these immature teeth. Normal color and mobility were observed, and no pain was noted during horizontal and vertical percussion tests., Conclusion: The present case report shows a favorable and stable outcome of timely treatment and sound healing of various types of root fracture. Long-term follow-up of patients with trauma is essential because pathological changes can occur several years following injury., Clinical Significance: The latest treatment modalities and long-term follow-up showed clinical success., How to Cite This Article: Dhindsa A, Garg S, Poddar P, et al. Management of Root Fractures in Young Immature Permanent Teeth: Three Case Reports. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):352-356., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Patient consent statement: The author(s) have obtained written informed consent from the patient's parents/legal guardians for publication of the case report details and related images.Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Enamel microabrasion is a noninvasive method that removes intrinsic and superficial defects from teeth aimed to improve dental esthetic with minimal loss of dental tissue. This case presentation describes the attempt for teeth color correction utilizing that conservative technique in a young girl whose maxillary anterior teeth presented an opaque white/brown stain. Along with microabrasion, an innovative approach of application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on the tooth, and remineralization was carried out thereby reducing postoperative sensitivity of the treated tooth. Based on the results of this case report, it can be concluded that this technique is efficient and can be considered a minimally invasive procedure.

Introduction Traumatic injuries and decays are the biggest challenges to the integrity of a young permanent tooth .The aim of this study was to compare the biostimulating and repairing action of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and of the mineral aggregate with ceramic nanoparticles (BioAgreggate) with calcium hydroxide action, in terms of clinical-radiological parameters, after vital pulp therapy in young permanent teeth affected by dental caries or traumatic injury. Material and methods The study was conducted on a sample of 36 teeth from 31 patients of both sexes, aged between 7 and 15 years (mean 9.3 ± 1.9 years), divided into three groups, and took place for a period of up to 4 years. Results The results concerning the effectiveness of the three materials used were evaluated in terms of clinical and radiological manifestations. These were significantly correlated (Ȥ2 = 35.3, r = 0.705, p = 0.003, 95% CI), the study demonstrating an important differences between the three groups of teeth. Final evaluation showed a significant association (Ȥ2 = 18.69, r = 0.725, p = 0.001, 95% CI) between the material used and the final results. Conclusions Following clinical aseptic procedures, after removing bacterial contamination, applying a bio-stimulative dressing and an hermetic crown sealing, there are high chances (about 95%) that the pulp of a young permanent tooth, even seeming irreversibly inflamed, to return to the original status and continue to exercise its functions with longterm preservation of vitality.

Enamel microabrasion is a noninvasive method that removes intrinsic and superficial defects from teeth aimed to improve dental esthetic with minimal loss of dental tissue. This case presentation describes the attempt for teeth color correction utilizing that conservative technique in a young girl whose maxillary anterior teeth presented an opaque white/brown stain. Along with microabrasion, an innovative approach of application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on the tooth, and remineralization was carried out thereby reducing postoperative sensitivity of the treated tooth. Based on the results of this case report, it can be concluded that this technique is efficient and can be considered a minimally invasive procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To observe the effects of custom made fiber posts on the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for different time. Methods · Forty-five extracted human young permanent teeth (premolar) were selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups. One group was the control group and the rest 8 groups were treated with conventional root canal preparation. Of these 8 groups, 4 groups (FI, FIII, FIV, FIX) were restored by custom made fiber posts after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months respectively, and other 4 groups (CI, CIII, CIV, CIX) were not restored by custom made fiber posts. All samples underwent fracture strength tests and their fracture modes were analyzed for the possibility of second repair. Results · The fracture load was decreased with the treatment time after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month (P<0.01). The fracture loads in groups restored by custom made fiber posts were increased after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 6 and 9 months (P<0.05, P<0.01). After being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month, groups restored by custom made fiber posts were likely to have fracture modes that facilitate the second repair as compared with groups not restored by custom made fiber posts (P<0.05). Conclusion · The restoration by custom made fiber posts can increase the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for medium and long term ( ≥ 1 month). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The completion of root development and closure of the apex occurs up to 3 years after the eruption of the tooth. The treatment of pulpal injury during this period provides a significant challenge for the clinician. The importance of careful case assessment and accurate pulpal diagnosis in the treatment of immature teeth with pulpal injury cannot be overemphasized. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide, although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). We report a case series wherein calcium hydroxide and MTA were used successfully for one step apexification in teeth with open apex.

The completion of root development and closure of the apex occurs up to 3 years after the eruption of the tooth. The treatment of pulpal injury during this period provides a significant challenge for the clinician. The importance of careful case assessment and accurate pulpal diagnosis in the treatment of immature teeth with pulpal injury cannot be overemphasized. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide, although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). We report a case series wherein calcium hydroxide and MTA were used successfully for one step apexification in teeth with open apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorosis staining is commonly considered an esthetic problem because of the psychological impact of unesthetic maxillary anterior teeth. Numerous treatment approaches have been proposed, ranging from bleaching to enamel reduction to restorative techniques. Bleaching of hypomineralized enamel lesions, using 5% sodium hypochlorite, has been useful clinically. The technique described, in this case, appears to have advantages over other methods for improving the appearance of fluorotic lesions. It is simple, low cost, noninvasive, so the enamel keeps its structure, relatively rapid, and safe; it requires no special materials, and it can be used with safety on young permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of root canal obturation therapy using cold flowable gutta-percha on young permanent teeth after apexification., Methods: Ninety cases of young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis or periapical periodontitis treated by apexification were randomly divided into two groups. The cases in each group were divided into single root canal and multiple root canal according to the number of the root canal, and divided into classifications Ⅰ, and Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ according to Frank's classification of root development after apexification. Cold flowable gutta-percha and warm gutta-percha obturation techniques were used for root canal obturation of the two groups. The operation time was recorded, and the patients' therapy pain degree was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after operation. Periapical X-ray was performed after operation to evaluate the effect of the root canal filling. The total length of the root was divided into equal three parts on the X-ray film, and three-dimensional tightness of the apical, middle, and coronal region of the root canals were statistically analyzed respectively. Clinical examinations and X-ray examination were performed 6 and 12 months after the operation to evaluate the treatment success rate., Results: The operation time of cold flowable gutta-percha group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which were 51 s and 74 s ( P < 0.05); The percentages of pain and discomfort in the two groups were 26.67% and 40.00%, respectively. There were two cases of underfilling and no overfilling in both groups. The percentages of proper filling and tight three-dimensional obturation in the experimental and control groups were 71.11% and 60.00% respectively; and the percentages of tight three-dimensional obturation in the apical third areas were 86.67% and 66.67%, the difference was significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the three-dimensional tightness between the two groups in the middle and coronal third areas. The percentages of tight three-dimensional obturation in classification Ⅰ groups were 86.67%, 83.33%, 93.33% and 76.67%, 90.00%, 96.67% in experimental and control group, respectively; The percentages of classification Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ groups were 86.67%, 86.67%, 100.00% and 46.67%, 86.67%, 100.00%, respectively, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.05). There were no apical lesions that occurred in either group during the one-year review period., Conclusion: The application of cold flowable gutta-percha on young permanent teeth root canal obturation after apexification can achieve good obturation effect. The root obturation effect in the apical third area is significantly better than that of warm gutta-percha obturation techniques. Cold flowable gutta-percha can shorten the clinical treatment time and ameliorate the patients' therapy comfort.

Background: In children with young permanent teeth, dental caries and traumatic injuries are the most common problems leading to pulp necrosis. Since, root development is completed in two to three years after eruption of the tooth into the oral cavity, loss of pulp vitality in young permanent tooth creates distinctive problems. In spite of exceeding availability of treatment procedures there is a need to search for a substantial procedure to treat young permanent teeth effectively., Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the treatment protocols in the management of pulpally involved young permanent teeth in children., Method: Systematic search was conducted on databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar among studies published from 1st January 2010 till 31st May 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review and were then assessed for quality with the help of predetermined criteria which categorized studies into high, medium, and low., Results: Search strategy yielded 4,846 articles. After screening through titles and abstracts, 33 articles remained which were further screened for full text. At the end, 14 articles were included in systematic review. Furthermore, the included articles were statistically evaluated by meta-analysis., Conclusion: In apexogenesis and apexification procedures, newer biomimetic materials like mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine have more success rate than conventionally used calcium hydroxide. Among regenerative endodontic procedures platelet-rich plasma and platelet- rich fibrin showed better results., Clinical Significance: To amend clinician perceptions towards acceptance of the newer regenerative procedures and their effectiveness in management of young permanent tooth., How to Cite This Article: Saxena N, Hugar SM, Soneta SP, et al. Evaluation of the Treatment Protocols in the Management of Pulpally Involved Young Permanent Teeth in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S103-S113., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Aim and Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and propolis extracts as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth., Materials and Methods: A total of 30 single-rooted non-vital young permanent teeth with open apex were selected randomly from the children aged between 7 years and 14 years with no systemic complications. Group I-triple antibiotic paste and group II be propolis allocating 15 teeth in each group. After access opening, the first sample (S1) was collected by inserting paper point into the root canal, the second sample (S2) was collected immediately after irrigation, and the third sample (S3) was collected after post-intracanal medication after 3-4 weeks. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis to assess the bacterial count, and for the obtained data, statistical analysis was done., Results: The mean colony count among the triple antibiotic paste group was 1906.75. After access opening, which was reduced to 315.12 after irrigation, and after 3-4 weeks, it was 817.25. There was a significant difference between sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3 ( p value = 0.008). The mean colony count among the propolis group was 1427.87 after access opening, which was reduced to 436.00 after irrigation, and after 3-4 weeks, it has reduced to 252.37. There was a significant difference between sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3 ( p value = 0.032). Intergroup comparison between the groups showed no statistical difference between the samples., Conclusion: Propolis exhibited similar antimicrobial efficacy, which is comparable to triple antibiotic paste. So, propolis can be utilized as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth with an open apex., Clinical Significance: Propolis is a naturally occurring flavonoid-rich resinous product with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. It is safe without any drug allergies and bacterial sensitivity and is a promising alternative to triple antibiotic paste for disinfecting non-vital young permanent teeth., How to Cite This Article: Lillygrace E, Kethineni B, Puppala R, et al. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament in Young Permanent Teeth: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):243-248., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2021; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.)

Background: Fluoride varnish with therapeutic tricalcium phosphate formulas such as Clinpro™ varnish has shown greater tendency in treating white spot lesions (WSLs) by inhibiting the progression of initial enamel lesions through the mineral exchange. The self-assembling peptide SAP 11 -4 (Curodont Repair, CDR) works on a different scale in treating WSLs by mimicking the enamel matrix and aiming to guided enamel regeneration., Aim: To quantitatively and qualitatively compare the effectiveness of the SAP 11 -4 vs tricalcium posphate fluoride (TCPF) in remineralization of WSLs in young permanent teeth., Materials and Methods: Nine healthy patients were enrolled in this study. The trial was performed on 40 young permanent teeth in the initial demineralization stage. Teeth were randomly assigned to receive either TCPF (group I) or SAP 11 -4 (group II). Lesions were assessed at pretreatment, 3, and 6 months posttreatment quantitatively per laser fluorescence DIAGNOdent pen and qualitatively through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II., Results: The result of the current study revealed a significant quantitative and qualitative increase in remineralization of WSLs in both groups and over time intervals. However, the WSL recovery was significantly better in the self-assembling peptide group, reflecting an excellent remineralization potential of the WSLs by the SAP 11 -4 compared to TCPF varnish., Conclusion: Both TCPF and SAP 11 -4 were effective in treating WSLs. However, the success of guided enamel regeneration by the SAP 11 -4 through the biomineralization has proven superiority of this material compared to TCPF., Clinical Significance: Early detection of WSLs and minimal intervention through remineralizing agents can limit unnecessary tissue loss, further caries progression, and consequently prevent further harm to the patients., How to Cite This Article: Kobeissi R, Badr SBY, Osman E. Effectiveness of Self-assembling Peptide P 11 -4 Compared to Tricalcium Phosphate Fluoride Varnish in remineralization of White Spot Lesions: A Clinical Randomized Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(5):451-456., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.)

Aim: The aim of the study was provide information to dentists about the causes of enamel hypoplasia and treatment alternatives available to dentists working with immature permanent teeth., Background: Hypoplasia resulting from nutritional deficiency is a developmental anomaly resulting from defects in amelogenesis. The treatment strategy should be based on the degree of involvement as well as the functional and esthetic needs in each case., Case Description: This article reports the case of a 14-year-old boy presenting with enamel hypoplasia affecting multiple anterior and posterior teeth that were treated conservatively., Conclusion: Enamel hypoplasia resulting from severe calcium deficiency affects esthetics, child self-esteem, and quality of life. This report highlights the history of severe calcium deficiency during childhood, and conservative treatment to improve the esthetic and reduce tooth sensitivity., Clinical Significance: Conservative approach was done for all the affected permanent teeth and was used to improve the esthetic and to have an effective transitional treatment to tell the child to reach a stage of stable occlusion., How to Cite This Article: Mubaraki SA. Hypoplasia Resulting from Nutritional Deficiency: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):573-576., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2019; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.)