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Exam period can be a stressful time for students, and having examples of past papers to help prepare for the tests can be extremely helpful. It is possible that past exams are already shared on your campus--by professors in their specific courses, via student unions or groups, or between individual students. In this article, we will go over the workflows and infrastructure to support the systematic collection, provision of access to, and repository management of past exam papers. We will discuss platform-agnostic considerations of opt-in versus opt-out submission, access restriction, discovery, retention schedules, and more. Finally, we will share the University of Toronto setup, including a dedicated instance of DSpace, batch metadata creation and ingest scripts, and our submission and retention workflows that take into account the varying needs of stakeholders across our three campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Placing Papers: The American Literary Archive Market (University of Massachusetts Press, 2020) discussed the post–World War II trade in authors’ papers. One finding of Placing Papers was how well Black writers did on the market as measured by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) rank of their papers’ housing institutions and the frequency with which Black authors were paid for their materials. However, this boon for Black writers only occurred once colleges and universities sought to improve the diversity of their holdings. In this update to Placing Papers, the author expands her data set to include more authors of color to verify her original findings for Black writers and determine the comparative success of Latino authors. The study determined that while Black writers indeed do just as well or better than white authors on the archive market, Latino writers remain understudied and undercollected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the history of the relationship of papermaking and paper to libraries over time. Paper was first made in China and is traditionally considered one of that nation's four greatest inventions, along with gun powder, printing, and the compass. Papermaking was often associated with archives in its early development in China, as well as when it was introduced to Japan, where it came to be a part of some Shinto and Buddhist temples, and later governmental agencies. Under Islam, the availability of paper was linked to increased literacy and growth of libraries. In early modern Europe, before the widespread use of wood in the papermaking process, libraries and archives were part of an "economy of paper" with paper at times being in short supply. In the modern era, the world of papermaking did not intersect much with the world of the library, which made progress with the problem of brittle books, one of its greatest challenges, slow, though recent efforts of government, industry, scientists, and representatives of the library have produced positive results. The damage caused by wood-based paper in libraries was mirrored by the environmental damage caused by wood-based papermaking in communities. The history of papermaking and libraries demonstrates the importance of understanding the technologies which support the library, while also advocating effectively to the representatives of all its sources of support in ways which promote the values of the library and its associated community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Svetislav Stančić (1895-1970), a piano pedagogue, pianist, composer, and founder of the Zagreb Piano School, was considered a central musical and cultural figure in the former Yugoslavia from late 1920s until his death in 1970. During the five decades of artistic and pedagogical work, he taught several generations of piano pedagogues and performers. His valuable personal library (the Svetislav Stančić Library), and personal papers (Personal papers of S. Stančić) provide information on his personal, artistic and pedagogical interests and connections. After his death in 1970, his widow Linda Stančić-Carnelutti donated this entire collection to the Piano Department of the Zagreb Academy of Music. The Stančić Library was stored in room 21, and the Personal papers are stored in the archive of the Croatian Music Institute. In 2015, the Academy of Music Library, which moved to a new building in 2014, received all of the materials of the Stančić Library (648 books, 2261 printed music, 188 gramophone records, 25 manuscripts of other composers and some periodicals), and in 2021 his personal papers were also transferred to the Academy of Music Library. In 2022, the processing of the Stančić Library was completed, making it available to all users and researchers in the Academy of Music Library. Information about the titles in the Stančić Library is available through the Academy of Music Library online catalogue. The value of this collection comes from the variety of materials, themes, authors, composers, editors, performers and editions represented. A variety of topics and approaches to the problem of piano technique is represented in the books, and the Stančić Library contains a wide range of editions of the piano repertoire. Stančić’s hand-written comments and notes in the books and sheet music enable a detailed analysis of his critical attitude towards the methods of other piano pedagogues of his time. They also provide insight in his pedagogic and methodological approach, technical solutions (fingerings, pedal), his approach to interpretation and his redactions of works by other composers. Also of great importance is the collection of 25 autographs of Croatian and Slovenian composers, some of which are the only existing copies (part of the Stančić Library), as well as the collection of Stančić autographs (part of the Personal papers of Stančić). The diverse material of the Stančić Library and Personal papers is a very valuable source of information, important for piano pedagogues as well as performers, musicologists and other interested researchers. The collections can form the basis of research on Stančić’s approach to technical and pedagogical issues, on his place as a composer in Croatian music, on history of the piano department of the Academy of music, and on the general history of Croatian cultural and musical life of Stančić’s time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Library of the Academy of Music of the University of Zagreb keeps a particularly valuable collection of personal papers – personal documents, manuscripts and other archives created and collected by local musicians, conductors, music teachers and music historians during the performance of their duties. In many cases, those materials came into the Library’s possession as a part of private donations and legacies. Recently, the librarians at the Library of the Academy of Music have started to arrange and describe those materials according to the principles of archival arrangement and description, and so far the personal papers of Theo Tabaka, Ivan Pinkava, Petar Dumičić and Zinka Kunc (Milanov) have been processed. The purpose of this paper is to point out the significance and value of such materials and to provide a brief overview of the contents of the personal papers processed so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Alessandrina Library was founded in 1667 by pope Alexander VII Chigi and is nowadays housed in the Campus of Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). Within its Ancient (mostly made of rag paper) and Modern (mostly made of contemporary paper) collections, it includes more than one million books produced from the XVI to the XXI century. In 2019, six thermo-hygrometers were deployed in its multi-storey repository to monitor temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). Hourly T and RH data collected over 2 years allowed us to evaluate spatial and temporal thermo-hygrometric distributions and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the climate-induced risks (mechanical, chemical, and biological deterioration mechanisms). Vertical temperature gradients associated with unstable conditions occurred in winter, resulting in upraising air flows up to the ceiling. The risky short-term RH fluctuations (EN 15757:2010) were determined to avoid mechanical stress in case of loans, relocation, and consultation. The Time Weighted Expected Lifetime (TWEL) index was used to evaluate the chemical risk for different paper-based collections as a function of their acidity and degree of polymerisation, also considering the typical response time of paper books to T and RH changes. The TWEL calculation estimated that the durability of acidic paper was around 300 years and highlighted that rag paper could be subject to cellulose hydrolysis only in summer and autumn, while contemporary paper was mostly at no risk. The risk of mould germination (Sedlbauer diagram) was possible on few days in Autumn, while the production of insect eggs (Brimblecombe empirical function) was favoured during approximately 42% of time over the year. In addition, illuminance and colorimetric measurements (performed on selected book covers) showed that light-sensitive objects could be exposed to the photodeterioration risk in the east-facing side of the repository. Although the investigation focussed on a specific case study, a similar approach could be effectively adapted to most library and archival repositories conserving paper-based collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital heritage portal interfaces are generally similar to digital library and search engine interfaces in displaying search results as a list of brief metadata records. The knowledge organization and search result display of these systems are item-centric, with little support for identifying relationships between items. This paper proposes a knowledge graph system and visualization interface as a promising solution for digital heritage systems to support users in browsing related items, understanding the relationships between items, and synthesizing a narrative on an issue. The paper discusses design issues for the knowledge graph, graph database, and graph visualization, and offers recommendations based on the authors' experience in developing three knowledge graph systems for archive and digital humanities resources: the Zubir Said personal archive collection at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, Singapore; Singapore Pioneers social network; and Polyglot Medicine knowledge graph of Asian traditional and herbal medicine. Lessons learned from a small user study are incorporated in the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examined the challenges of maintenance of paper based archival information materials and strategies for enhancement in academic libraries in South East, Nigeria which doubled as the objectives of the study. Descriptive survey research method was used for the study. The population consisted of 277 library staff in academic libraries of government owned institutions. Questionnaire and structured interview guide was used to collect data which was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Mean scores and standard deviation were used to analyze data generated for the two research questions while ttest was used for the hypothesis. Real limits of numbers were used to determine the bench mark. The major findings of the study showed the challenges involved in maintenance of archival materials to include inadequate funding and tropical climate that breeds insects. The strategies involved in archival maintenance practices include: recruiting adequate personnel in libraries, provision of maintenance policies, adequate funding of libraries for proper maintenance of archives, proper control of insect by the use of insecticides and adequate training of maintenance personnel. The hypothesis tested revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean ratings between the male and female library staff in respect to strategies for maintenance practices of paper based archival paper materials in the academic libraries. The paper recommended that the library administrators should engage qualified and competent staff on the field of Library and Information Science and ICT to ensure adequate maintenance of archival materials in academic libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some errors exist in the above paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical and physical properties of 19th and 20th century Chinese papers were investigated using a variety of material characterisation methods. A reference collection of 178 Chinese papers, dating from 1799 to 1990 was used, and properties such as pH, degree of polymerisation (DP), lignin content, and tensile strength (zero-span) were determined. Most of the papers were of approximately neutral pH, had a low lignin content and DP similar to pre-19th century European rag paper. It was found that the high inhomogeneity and the typical paper thinness affected tensile testing and as a result, a modified method for zero-span tensile strength test was developed. Using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), proof-of-concept partial least squares (PLS) applications were developed for determination of tensile strength, pH, DP and for dating of the samples. For the latter, using post-1900 papers, the error of cross validation was 13 years. The presence of lignin was modelled using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), where the model could distinguish between high and low lignin content with 88% accuracy. Using one or multiple sheets for transmission NIR spectroscopy led to PLS results of similar quality, which was attributed to material inhomogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the importance of the DSpace open-source software that supports numerous digital libraries and repositories around the world. With the release of DSpace version 7, a natural question that arises is whether the new version offers enough new functionalities to motivate system administrators to upgrade. This paper briefly describes the most important changes, including new features and bug fixes, included in DSpace 7.4 and prior minor versions. The next parts of this paper explore our estimate that there are several thousand DSpace-based systems globally that will likely have to be upgraded in the near future. The main reason for this need is that older versions of DSpace (including 5.x) have reached the end of their developer support period or are reaching it in mid-2023. Based on our own upgrade experience, we propose suggestions and recommendations on migrating from the previous DSpace 6.3-based environment to the new one in a case study that concludes this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author shares the circumstances that led to his encounter with the personal archives of Victor Haim Perera (1934-2003), an award-winning Sephardic-American writer, journalist, environmental and political activist, and academic born in Guatemala City. Perera published six books on topics as varied as Sephardic history, the Maya Indians, and the Loch Ness monster, and contributed dozens of articles, short stories, and essays to newspapers, trade journals, magazines, and literary anthologies. This paper also provides an overview of Perera's life and work and shares information about the Victor Perera Papers collection at the University of Michigan Library. It presents a case study illustrating that library catalogers can improve discoverability of and access to library special collections by expanding beyond their core duties and investigating the contexts behind the materials that cross their desks. The article ends with a preliminary bibliography of Perera's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early industrialization and the development of cheap production processes for paper have led to an exponential accumulation of paper-based documents during the last two centuries. Archives and libraries harbor vast amounts of ancient and modern documents and have to undertake extensive endeavors to protect them from abiotic and biotic deterioration. While services for mechanical preservation such as ex post de-acidification of historic documents are already commercially available, the possibilities for long-term protection of paper-based documents against fungal attack (apart from temperature and humidity control) are very limited. Novel processes for mechanical enhancement of damaged cellulosic documents use Ionic Liquids (IL) as essential process components. With some of these ILs having azole-functionalities similar to well-known fungicides such as Clotrimazole, the possibility of antifungal activities of these ILs was proposed but has not yet been experimentally confirmed. We evaluated the potency of four ILs with potential application in paper restoration for suppression of fungal growth on five relevant paper-infesting molds. The results revealed a general antifungal activity of all ILs, which increased with the size of the non-polar group. Physiological experiments and ultimate elemental analysis allowed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of each IL as well as the residual IL concentration in process-treated paper. These results provide valuable guidelines for IL-applications in paper restoration processes with antifungal activity as an added benefit. With azoles remaining in the paper after the process, simultaneous repair and biotic protection in treated documents could be facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present some thoughts on the sidelines of the international conference "The privilege of the written word: management, conservation and enhancement of personal papers and books", held at Salerno University on April 10-12th 2019. The conference represented a significant moment of meeting for the scientific and professional community of archives and libraries in order to debate the issues related to conservation, management and valorization of personal collections. This event also provided an opportunity for the presentation of the 'Guidelines on the treatment of personal funds' edited by the National Commission of special libraries personal archives and libraries of the Italian Library Association (AIB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ArQuives: Canada's LGBTQ2+ Archives, founded in 1973, holds one of the largest collections of queer serials in the world, with more than ten thousand titles. Most are on paper, but formats have been evolving. Beginning in the 1980s, the ArQuives participated in small-scale microfilming projects. Microfilming of the collection increased greatly in 2005, when Primary Source Microfilm (PSM) undertook a large project to film a portion of the collection, resulting in 211 reels devoted to international gay and lesbian periodicals and newsletters. The PSM project was later repurposed and expanded by Gale Cengage, beginning in 2015, and forms part of its Archives of Sexuality and Gender online product. This paper examines the evolution of the ArQuives' serial holdings from paper to microform to digital formats, and explores recent in-house digitization efforts and future prospects for expanding access to these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper first analyzes the complexity of the notion of the archival document, in its fundamental definition and its updates prompted by the shift to the digital dimension. It then sets out to consider – from a digital hermeneutic point of view – the notion of ‘document’ from the perspective of the information object and therefore of the intentional object. Finally, the paper discusses the ways in which the archive is a technological enhancement for the interrogability and ‘consultability’ of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the musical Byzantine manuscripts, kept in the Central State Archive of Albania. It particularly focuses on the historical importance they had in the evolution of religious music in Albania and Albanian music per se, whilst providing important information related to the specificity of names and other music elements. This paper also focuses on the characteristics of these "papers", and "papers" in general, published through the medium of paper, from papers (article, essay, study) as a "text". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management and maintenance of paper-based patient record archives involve high running costs. Therefore, many health care providers choose to digitize their paper records subsequently destroying the originals. By now, this is an established procedure for patient records from routine care. However, at present it is unclear under which circumstances the patient records of patients taking part in clinical trials can be destroyed after digitization. Paper-based original records may only be destroyed if their digital copies are recognized as source documents by both sponsors and authorities. The authors believe that this recognition should be possible, as long as the scanned paper-based records fulfill the requirements for certified copies according to the Note for Guidance CPMP/ICH/135/95 (ICH-GCP). This requires that, based on the applied rules, it can be proven at any time that the existing digitization process is clearly regulated, and the resulting quality is regularly controlled and sufficiently high. The objective of this key issues paper is to present the manner in which the existing regulatory guidelines can be implemented to allow the digitized patient records being recognized as source documents. An English version of this article will be published in “Clinical Investigation” (Future Science) [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the digitization of cultural heritage in Russian libraries, archives, and museums. In order to achieve the research goals, both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were adopted to analyze the current status of legislative principles related to digitization through the literature review and the circumstance of the latest projects related to digitization through the literature and website review. The results showed that these institutions seem quite successful where they provide a wide range of services for the users to access the digital collections. However, the main constraints on digitization within libraries, archives, and museums in Russia are connected with the scale of the work, dispersal of rare books throughout the country, and low level of document usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has tremendously contributed to the developments in both practical and fundamental aspects of limb prosthetics. These advancements are reflected in scientific articles, particularly in the most cited papers. This article aimed to identify the 100 top-cited articles in the field of limb prosthetics and to investigate their main characteristics. Articles related to the field of limb prosthetics and published in the Web of Knowledge database of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) from the period of 1980 to 2012. The 100 most cited articles in limb prosthetics were selected based on the citation index report. All types of articles except for proceedings and letters were included in the study. The study design and level of evidence were determined using Sackett's initial rules of evidence. The level of evidence was categorized either as a systematic review or meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, cohort study, case-control study, case series, expert opinion, or design and development. The top cited articles in prosthetics were published from 1980 to 2012 with a citation range of 11 to 90 times since publication. The mean citation rate was 24.43 (SD 16.7) times. Eighty-four percent of the articles were original publications and were most commonly prospective (76%) and case series studies (67%) that used human subjects (96%) providing level 4 evidence. Among the various fields, rehabilitation (47%), orthopedics (29%), and sport sciences (28%) were the most common fields of study. The study established that studies conducted in North America and were written in English had the highest citations. Top cited articles primarily dealt with lower limb prosthetics, specifically, on transtibial and transradial prosthetic limbs. Majority of the articles were experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the creation of the Stephen Hawking Archive through processes of collaboration, and human and technological mediation. We focus on the production of documents including scientific and popular writings, correspondence and lectures in different media and forms of communication from handwriting, diagrams and typing to word processing and digital communication. We consider these processes to think about what is important in the Stephen Hawking Archive, including where authorship is located, and what this shows about scientific collaboration and communication in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. We also briefly consider how archivists have mediated the Archive since it was received by Cambridge University Library (CUL) in 2021 through its arrangement and description, and we look forward to developing the Archive in the future, including the possibility of acquiring further digital files to include in the Archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike congressional and presidential papers collections, which have a rich archival literature in support of their acquisition and management, archivists and researchers frequently overlook and undervalue state legislators' papers. One reason for undervaluing state legislators' papers is the lack of legal guidelines in most states for ownership of these political papers. This article presents the results of a broad survey of state laws and collecting policies within state archives regarding the collecting of state legislators' papers. Overall, archivists, lawmakers, and the general public need to become more aware of the value of state legislators' papers, pass laws that protect and define ownership of state legislators' papers, and advocate for greater collaboration between state archival programs and other archival repositories to ensure their preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the second installment in a two-part series on the physicality of archival material in the context of the digital age. The first part reviewed key lessons in the history of new technologies that have affected archival practice. Part two will explore a holistic understanding of paper-based knowledge transmission in the context of the digital access movement. The intent is to provide a more expansive context to the shift from a physically, place-based activity to one of ubiquitous access to secondary materials. The investigation emphasizes two notions: archives as thing and archives as experience. Issues of authenticity, evidence, and sensory engagement are seen as potential knowledge elements of original material. Furthermore, physical archives are considered in their environmental context, through physical processes in the embodied act of using, and through their meaning to the user. The purpose of this article is to highlight the tacit, assumed and taken-for-granted aspects of using original archival material to better understand the conversion from physical to digital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the most controversial issues in international documents librarianship that has been the rollout of the Proquest 19th Century House of Commons Parliamentary Papers database. The author says that the database offers dramatically improved means of searching and accessing British Parliamentary information. The database is a significant tool for accessing a collection that has always been difficult to research in print and is often cited as being the richest and most important collection of printed government records in any country. Parliamentary papers, medieval papers through the eighteenth century, nineteenth century and print and digital in the twentieth century are discussed.

The National Library first acquired papers of a Prime Minister, Sir Edmund Barton, in 1929. In the next fifty years it sought the papers of every Prime Minister, dead or alive. Negotiations were frequently protracted and frustrating, but ultimately the success rate was high: the Library now holds the personal archives of eleven Prime Ministers and smaller collections of another four. Since 1980 it has deferred to the National Archives in collecting further papers of Prime Ministers and has instead placed greater emphasis on making the existing collections better known and encouraging their use by researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the personal papers of the late Derek Freeman, scholar and specialist in Borneo studies, which have been deposited at the Mandeville Special Collections Library at the University of California, San Diego. Acquisition of the collection; Completion of the collection in 2002; Correspondence; Field notes and documents concerned chiefly with Samoa and the so-called Mead-Freeman controversy.

This paper focuses on digital archiving and the establishment of open Access digital repositories in three selected Nigerian Universities. Despite the abundance of vital information kept in the traditional archives of Nigerian universities, many researchers cannot easily access it due to the seeming absence of proper digitization and online visibility. It is also observed that the practice of archiving and the management of information in the repositories in Nigerian universities is limited to the central library, which makes access to information in the satellite archives across the departments and in the administrative units very difficult. This paper therefore, intends to; determine the nature, existence and the roles of digital repositories in the three selected Nigerian universities and to identify the types of information sources and resources available in their digital repositories, among others. Qualitative research methodology was adopted. Data was purposefully obtained from the websites of the three Selected Nigerian universities. The findings of this study indicate that the Digital Repositories existed in the three selected universities studied with different names, and were found to contain volumes of scholarly information sources and resources, which were organized in a systematic and chronological order, but it is not well structured to specifically link resources in the departments, faculties and other units of the universities with the central repositories. It was also found that Digital Repositories were not always accessible, possibly due to inadequate ICT infrastructure and necessary staff skills for their effective maintenance. It was concluded that the repositories existed for over a decade and were providing information services to its users. It was recommended that, the management of the universities studied should imbibe strong maintenance culture to effectively manage the Digital Repositories for sufficient access to scholarly information sources and resources and should consider the installations and deployment of necessary ICT infrastructure, as well as the right software configurations including the provision of regular staff training for proper digitisation and digitalisation of work processes and procedures in the repositories for efficient results and the promotion of Digital Data Literacy in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries are institutions that provide access to a comprehensive collection of information and resources for educational, research, and recreational purposes. They serve as repositories of knowledge and offer numerous services to their communities. In this process, libraries play a paramount role in preserving and conserving library materials for future generations. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the significant Preservation and Conservation (PAC) initiatives of library materials from the ancient periods (3rd Century BC to 5th Century AD), the colonial period (1505 to 1948), and the post-independence period (1948 to date), to identify the gaps related to the current practices of PAC in Sri Lanka and to identify the issues related to PAC in Sri Lanka. This study focused on a qualitative research method. Relevant literature was found through secondary sources such as books, journal articles, conference papers, organizational reports and websites based on subject-related keywords. The Department of National Museums (DNM), Department of National Archives (DNA) and National Library and Documentation Services Board (NLDSB) and Sri Lankan University Libraries (ULs), were purposively selected. The published year was not considered during the process, and priority was given to Sri Lankan and foreign-authored publications on PAC of library materials in Sri Lanka. Literature was analyzed based on above mentioned three time frames selected for the study. The study identified growing trends in PAC practices from ancient to post-independence periods. Even though some evidence goes back to King Vijaya's period (483 BC), official writing was started in 103-77 BC. Some writing materials, such as inscriptions, palm leaves, and golden plates, were used during this period. Later, in the colonial period, the Portuguese, Dutch and British developed writing materials and established positions such as Record keepers and Archivists. Then, in the post-independence period, the DNM, DNA, NLDSB and ULs were identified as pioneering organizations that led the task of preserving. It was identified gaps between the literatures and existing literature only identified palm leaves as a main library material to be conserved and preserved. The main issues derived from the analysis were a lack of financial allocations, policies, laws and regulations, training, and research related to the field. The study pointed out the need for a separate PAC unit to handle the preservation activities of library materials in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the establishment of the first Protestant church in midnineteenth-century Jerusalem, under Ottoman rule, relying mainly on British Foreign Office archives. It begins with an introduction to the geopolitical context for the spread of Protestantism in Greater Syria, with particular focus on Palestine, including Britain's initial diplomatic efforts to achieve this goal and the challenges it faced on different fronts. The discussion situates these challenges and the ways Britain overcame them within the context of Ottoman imperial regulations, which recurringly stalled or halted construction efforts. As a result, Britain's hopes of establishing a Protestant church in Jerusalem, and the Ottoman sultan's frequent obstruction of these efforts, reflect the layered British-Ottoman relations in the nineteenth century. The paper ends with an examination of the ways the British government managed to secure an Ottoman permit (firman) issued by the sultan, that allowed the completion of the church's construction in 1849. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the state and the issues of special libraries and libraries of science and research institutes and institutions in the Republic of Serbia between 2019 and 2022. After efforts to define the concept of special libraries, the paper lists published papers dealing with the issues of special libraries. A separate part of the paper is devoted to the problem of categorization of special libraries. Further, the topic of special libraries is viewed through the prism of the legislature - the current Law on library and information work and the Rulebook on the national standards for performing the library and information work. The overview of registration of special libraries and libraries of science and research institutes and institutions into the Central Registry on February 28, 2023, is also provided. The following chapter is about representation of special libraries and libraries of science and research institutes and institutions in the Network of Libraries of Serbia database in the mentioned timeframe. Afterwards, the paper presents a detailed categorization of special libraries in the Network of Libraries of Serbia database based on the type of activity of the organization to which the library belongs. The overview of submitted statistical data on special libraries of cultural institutions (museums, archives, institutes for protection of monuments, theaters, etc.) is particularly detailed - these libraries are the most numerous at 96 and make up 36% of the total number of special libraries. Along with the overview of the working conditions of special libraries, the conclusion also suggests possible measures to improve their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes various intellectual practices tied to the use of public and private documents in the practice of history in Argentina over the second half of the nineteenth century. Starting from the "question of limits," this essay analyzes the work of bibliophiles Manuel Ricardo Trelles and Juan Martín Leguizamón, both of whom tried to historically reconstruct the territorial unity of Argentina. it shows how this work lies at the crossroads of antiquarian studies, History, and Natural History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival boxes are used as a preventive measure to control the microenvironment in museums and archives storages. However, their efficiency in protecting valuable artefacts from fluctuations in relative humidity (RH) is not yet fully understood. In this study, the environmental performance of different archival boxes with different configurations (size, design, presence of holes/paper material, cardboard types, surface modification) was included in the evaluation of internal environment (RH). The effectiveness of archival boxes on reducing relative humidity fluctuations was investigated by testing various properties of boxes and boards, such as air exchange rates (AER), moisture sorption and water vapour transmission rates (WVTR). While most cardboard boxes showed only a limited buffering against the humidity ingress, strategies such as surface modification limited the interaction of a box with the external environment, resulting in a more stable internal environment. Material and box properties, such as moisture sorption, AER and WVTR proved to be useful quantitative tools for assessing the environmental performance of the selected archival boxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the practice of photojournalism in Spain and, specifically, focuses on the study of the graphic archive of the EFE Agency (1939-) and its own production, developed within and outside its borders. The acquisition of funds has been taken into consideration as part of this process and, in the same way, it has also been necessary to consider the creation, in the year 2000, of the digital graphic archive: The Photo Library, inheritance of the thematic classification of analog and the nomenclature and, in this process, the documentation system used has been contributed as a result of the conclusions - through primary sources and direct observation - with emphasis on the thematic classification used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An often overlooked aspect of New Jersey history is that of the Ku Klux Klan activities throughout the state during the 1920s. Driven by a resurgence of anti-immigration rhetoric, the diversity of urban centers, and the general fears of some white Protestant residents of New Jersey, the Klan targeted immigrants, participated in public demonstrations and parades, hosted social events, and attempted to intimidate Catholic politicians in particular. This paper will examine this aspect of New Jersey history by using underutilized sources like the George Moss Collection at Monmouth University’s Murry and Leonie Guggenheim Memorial Library. Hopefully, by understanding the influence the Klan had on local politics, the mistakes of the past can avoid being repeated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores two pandemic-era projects conducted by the Museum and Archives of North Vancouver (MONOVA) using a participatory archives framework during the COVID-19 pandemic. #NorthVanStories, a rapid-respond social media collecting project, ran from May to September 2020 and received over 200 submissions. #NorthVanStories–Living Histories, a digital video oral history project, ran from summer 2020 to fall 2021 and produced five videos with seven storytellers from diverse and vulnerable communities. This paper discusses the power of collaborative documenting, storytelling, and memory-making to foster connectivity, increase empathy, and build resilience. It highlights the benefits of working collaboratively with organizations and communities; successful approaches to planning and outreach activities; the importance of flexibility and sustainability when working with communities in times of crisis; and how to ensure the future relevance of archives by being responsive to contemporary events and community interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an inventory on three volumes of the archives of Renaissance painter Giorgio Vasari at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Highlights of the archives; Document on the work of Vasari on the decoration of the cupola of Florence Cathedral in Italy; Insights on account books in the archives.

Design has shaped the world in which we live; it has improved our lives in ways we cannot even begin to imagine. Even if design is everywhere and is the memory of the world, collections associated with it are not usually well-known as design archives which capture spatial and temporal narratives. Saving these types of archives and making them accessible to the public, using them as cultural hubs, might improve our lives thanks to visual literacy, creativity, and innovation. The Arxiu Valencià del Disseny aims to recover, preserve, protect, and disseminate the archival cultural heritage of the Valencian designers. With a collection of more than 150,000 objects, it recovers history and evolution from the applied arts and product design, but with a markedly future-oriented character through the enhancement of the collections and their dissemination thanks to an intelligent computational system featuring cutting-edge technologies in order to prove our understanding of Valencian and European design. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we introduce the AVD project, an interdisciplinary project that has been recently funded by the Valencian Government in order to preserve and promote the heritage of design archives; second, we introduce a set of interactive tools related to the project, such as the digitisation and cataloguing of the collection, the generation of a Design Memory Archive, advanced searching, and semantically relating the digitised collection of the Arxiu Valencià del Disseny based on data interoperability across its collections and a benchmarking tool for designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of archival publishing, the transition phase in which the relationship between print and digital was in contrast is considered closed and it’s time to move towards a new model of integration. It would be time to start a more mature reflection, in the perspective of imagining a dialectical relationship, not of contrast but capable of overcoming indifference in view of a fruitful integration. For this purpose, this paper provides some ideas and some proposals for work, in the hope that the academic world, Anai and Directorate General Archives will start in collaboration shared work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival research has been long recognized as a key method in geography, and such research continues to appeal to scholars excavating historical influences on contemporary places. At the same time, geographical literature on care is growing rapidly. However, while geographers have often implemented care into their archival research and practice, these literatures have remained largely distinct from each other. In this paper, I bring archives and care into closer conversation. Drawing on existing geographical literature on care and on archival methods, work in archival studies, and my own research and ethnographic experiences in archives, I show how the socio‐material practices of geographers in the archives help generate spaces of care, where ethical caring practices exist, and caring relationships flourish. I demonstrate how archival work in geography and beyond includes relationships of care between archivists, researchers, and archival records. I share some examples and strategies that geographers and other researchers can—and do—follow in maintaining, continuing, and repairing archival relationships, even in times of precarity and uncertainty. Key Messages: Archival research in geography is a caring practice.The archive is a space of care where caring relationships can flourish.Geographers use caring practices and cultivate caring relationships in the archive to produce meaningful, empirically sound, and theoretically rich work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stool repositories are a valuable resource for retrospective analyses including quantitative PCR assays to distinguish between asymptomatic shedding and clinical disease. The suitability of archival specimens for this purpose is unclear and requires assessment. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate pathogen detection by TaqMan Array Card (TAC) in travelers' diarrhea (TD) stool specimens stored for 1–13 years, as well as the impact of transporting specimens on Whatman FTA Elute cards (FTA Cards) on detection. Results: The positive percent agreement (PPA) for TAC on stool vs. microbiologic testing was lower than our a priori PPA estimate of 80% for most pathogens: Shigella spp. (100% [95%CI 69–100%]), enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) (63% [95%CI 49–75%]), Campylobacter spp. (66% [95%CI 43–85%]) and Norovirus (37% [95%CI 16–61%]). Use of the FTA card resulted in a further reduction of PPA. Our findings suggest that archival specimens may lead to insensitive detection on quantitative PCR assays due to degradation of nucleic acid with prolonged storage, although our limited sample size precluded us from evaluating the impact of storage duration on nucleic acid yield. Additional studies are needed to understand the impact of storage duration on quantitative PCR data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Librarians organize information resources of all kind for easy access and retrieval; organizational records are one of such information resources that librarians organize for quick access and easy retrieval when needed by the organizations. Academic records being vital information resources that determines the future of students and the efficient workability of academic institutions like universities and other schools are to be well managed and organized so as not to get them mutilated, destroyed or missing. These academic records which include course registration, results, transcript and the likes are supposed to be well managed as they contain delicate information concerning the daily transactions of students and lecturers in the institution and they also contain evidence of academic performances of the trainees. In this 21st century universities in Nigeria are expected to be able to grow beyond managing such delicate and important records manually with the use of papers, files and cabinet to managing the records with the use of academic records management system software (ARMS) that is specially configured with the relevant and requisite modules to manage and organize academic records. Whereas a lot of universities in Nigeria are yet to upgrade to using some of these software to manage their academic records, it is pertinent for this paper to be able to expose some of such ways that these very important records can be properly and efficiently managed. This style of managing student academic records are important in order to guard against natural and artificial disasters like flood, fire, humidity, dust, mutilation, lost etc. when these records are managed with the use of the academic records management system (ARMS) it goes a long way to ensuring safety and easy access of the students academic records. So this paper presents Concepts of ARMS, Students' academic records, Types of records management systems (RMS), elements and feature of a efficient RMS, ARMS procedure, Advantages and perceived problems of using ARMS, Application of ARMS in maintenance of students academic records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper strives to look at various user-centered approaches within information environments as it pertains to colloquial jargon, specifically the use of the words traiteur to describe Cajun faith healers/folk doctors and buaji to describe faith healers of several different faiths in India. Focus groups, multiple constituencies and their differing needs, types of resource, and how this affects libraries and archives specifically in South Louisiana will all be discussed. Also considered will be information-seeking behaviors of two diverse constituencies. This paper will look at a way to circumvent the Library of Congress (LOC) subject headings to allow patrons of libraries and archives to find the information they are searching for in a quick, succinct manner. The usability of the system and the ability of the user to quickly find the information is what is most important in this case. We were successful in adding an LOC subject heading and will also explore how to make sure patrons are able to find the catalog entries so they can spend more time researching the topic by utilizing a different line on the MARC record and creating a LibGuide. This will further help establish the University of Louisiana at Lafayette as the Université des Acadiens. This paper will look at the sources that were located and attempt to synthesize the information in a way that allows the reader a better understanding of not only what exactly a traiteur is, but also why these issues arise and their importance to patrons and library staff alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author addresses some issues concerning the publication of grey literature. She enumerates 25 kinds of grey literature, which include working papers, theses, press releases, blogs, meeting reports and government documents. Also discussed are the issue of quality in grey literature, the archiving of valuable information and the concern for references in the journal "Learned Publishing."

Advancing the Creative Development of Cultural Resources in LAMs for Serving China's Cultural Development Strategy Various kinds of cultural resources collected in libraries, archives and museums (LAMs) are an important part of the profound and splendid culture that has been created in the development process of China's civilization. Relying on the cultural resources in the collections of LAMs, the creative development of resources is conducive to promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Similarly, it is also the important means to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the people and to meet the diversified consumer needs. Moreover, it is the inevitable requirement to enhance the service capacity of institutions, improve the service level and enrich the service content. In order to better promote the integration and reference of theory and practice in the creative development of cultural resources in LAMs, and improve the theoretical level and experience of creative cultural research, 7 experts were invited to attend the seminar on relevant theory and practice: (1) To construct cultural creativity with Chinese characteristics: it is suggested that the development of cultural creativity be elevated to the height of serving the national strategy, so that the theoretical research of cultural creativity could be further strengthened, and the relevant research of cultural creativity could be developed as an important interdisciplinary field. (2) Creative development of cultural resources and reproduction of social memory: social memory is not only the core of cultural elements, but also the meaning framework or conceptual framework for understanding the value of cultural creative products. The article puts forward some suggestions and strategies, such as establishing the dialogue and communication mechanism of LAMs, expanding cultural and creative ways of thinking around the reproduction of the form of memory-content-meaning, and focusing on digital humanities to promote the transformation and development of cultural and creative products in LAMs. (3) The creative development of literature resources under the national culture digitization strategy: institutions such as libraries and archives begin to strive for the digital creative transformation of cultural resources, which provides reference for the digital upgrading of the development of creative products of literature resources in our country. (4) Thinking on the development of cultural creative products in museums: museums inherit and disseminate excellent traditional culture through innovative cultural products as the medium, help these products reach consumers and gain wide popularity through various means. This article summarizes the problems in the practice of cultural innovation in museums, and thinks about the road to sustainable development in the future while people are rejoicing in the cultural innovation craze in museums. (5) The practice and thinking of cultural innovation in libraries: based on the analysis of the similarities and differences between libraries and museums in cultural innovation, the paper summarizes the problems in practice and puts forward a new path of cultural innovation in libraries. (6) It is a successful case that the National Library of China conducts cultural and creative development in the way of enterprise operation. Not only does it start innovate ways of protecting and inheriting classics, make classic works come alive, improve the level of utilize classics and realize leapfrog development of cultural and creative works, but also it is of great significance to innovate the ways of library services and enhance the influence and competitiveness of library services. (7) Thinking on the creative development of "Library Gifts" series: the paper summarizes the cases and experiences of "Library Gifts" series' cultural and creative development in the National Library of China, and puts forward some opinions on the development of cultural and creative products by libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the Archives of Manitoba acquiring the personal, legal, business, and political records of John A. Macdonald, former Prime Minister of Canada, and his son Hugh John Macdonald. John served as the first Prime Minister of Canada for about nineteen years, while his son, Hugh, served as Premier of Manitoba for less than a year. Records related to John include materials from his legal practice in Kingston, Canada.

An introduction is presented which discusses reports on archives, open access publishing, and access to information.

The construction of an electronic data set of the tidal measurements made at St. Helena in 1761 by Nevil Maskelyne is described. These data were first analysed by Cartwright (1971, 1972) in papers which have importance within studies of changing tides. However, Cartwright's data files were never archived for the benefit of other researchers, demonstrating that "old data" at risk can sometimes take the form of electronic rather than paper records. In the present paper, the newly digitised Maskelyne data have been reanalysed by several techniques in order to obtain an updated impression of whether the tide has changed at that location in over two and a half centuries. This new data set may be found via 10.5285/e66db85a-eaae-6665-e053-6c86abc0bfb9 (Woodworth and Vassie, 2022). Our main conclusion, consistent with that of Cartwright, is that the major tidal constituent (M2) has changed little. However, the results of the various techniques demonstrate how difficult it is to obtain reliable conclusions for the smaller constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital scholarship is ubiquitous, where even the most Luddite of scholars use some form of digital technology in their research. Differences in the level of technology use have become a question of degree not kind. Currently in the second wave of Digital Humanities, Presner (2010) argues that Digital Humanities 2.0 introduces entirely new-born digital paradigms, methodologies, and publication models not derived from print culture. This new wave is "deeply generative, creating the environments and tools for producing, curating, and interacting with knowledge that is 'born digital' and lives in various digital contexts" (Presner 2010, para. 13). Using the case study of a Digital Humanities project called "The Waterford Memories Project", this paper will consider both the role of born digital survivor testimony in confronting a difficult and disputed past in Ireland and, more broadly, how we create and access knowledge in this contested space. The Waterford Memories Project is an oral history driven study in digital humanities, publicly documenting survivor narratives of the Magdalene Laundries and Industrial Schools in the South-East of Ireland. The last Magdalene Laundry in Ireland closed in 1996. These institutions formed part of a system of coercive confinement, which incorporated a wide range of historical institutions used to confine both children and adults whose "crimes" were to act against the strict and punitive moral codes of the period, poverty, or mental illness. This paper will examine the role of born digital data in public humanities (in the form of the audio-recorded survivor oral histories), and frames the Waterford Memories digital humanities project in the technoculture and minimal computing literature, emphasising the overall need for a human-centred approach to technology at all stages of the research. Cultural stories can become fossilised and continue to perpetuate the silencing of survivors; it is therefore essential to consider how the openly available digital testimony contributes to the framing of cultural discourse around our history of coercive confinement in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an overview on the recovery of Tuscan data (audio and accompanying materials) of the Carta dei Dialetti Italiani (CDI). The study aims at showing the challenges met during the realisation of the CDI and highlighting the importance of recovering and safeguarding a research project largely forgotten by the very same Italian linguistic community. The relationship between oral sources and written documentation collected in the project allows us to observe the construction of the 'linguistic data' precisely from the recovered audio materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]