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This paper analyzes the various actions taken by the authorities of the state of Zacatecas (Mexico) during the First Federal Republic (1824-1835), in order to find solutions to problems related to the exercise of patronage and related topics. It shows that these proposals were useful to defend and drive federalism, and to advance a project to create a secular and liberal State and society. The paper concludes that the attempt to apply this was ambiguous, as it became part of the "pitfalls" that prevented the first federalism from consolidating by contributing to the division of local and national political groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Indonesian occupation of Timor-Leste (1975-99), the Roman Catholic Church grew in importance to the East Timorese people. This is demonstrated by the large increase in Timorese affiliation to the Church: 25-30% of the populace were baptized Catholics in 1975 compared with over 90% in the 1990s. Various explanations have been offered for this growth, many of which identify 'extrinsic' factors such as the religious prescriptions of Indonesian law or the pressures of Islamization. While acknowledging the importance of these factors, this paper argues that certain intrinsic factors substantially influenced the identification of the Timorese experience of occupation with Catholic faith and solidarity. An understanding of these intrinsic factors can provide a more expansive understanding of Timorese culture, experience and history. Drawing on original research into the faith and experience of Timorese people during the occupation, the author explores the relationship between suffering, resistance and the Catholic faith of the Timorese in four areas: language; 'a spirituality of resistance'; martyrdom; and sanctuary and advocacy for the persecuted. The paper draws on the insights of French philosopher and literary critic, René Girard, regarding the importance of Christianity in the context of violence. Girard has argued for a particular understanding of the centrality of the victim in human culture and of how Christianity helps to reveal this centrality. Girard's perspective sheds light on how the Timorese came to terms with their experience of suffering and violence under Indonesian occupation through their identification with Jesus Christ and the Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the Italian Renaissance painter Caravaggio's two versions of the Conversion of Saint Paul (1600/1601) with two modern models of organization. These comparisons show how organization is produced in art through 'aesthetic landscaping' (Gagliardi 2006), and in particular how these artistic reproductions convey certain images of the appropriate modern, entrepreneurial self and regimes of organization. The painting was originally commissioned by the Catholic Church, but it rejected the first and accepted the second version. The paper claims that this strategy strengthens the given organization of the Church and the Church's strategic influence on the believers that adore the painting. But this all comes with a price, namely, the production of a number of strict divisions: in the accepted version, Paul becomes a pure transcendent spirit. Isolated from his surroundings, his servant and his horse, he is cut off from the very event of conversion. The rejected version harbours radically different, transgressive images of subjectivity, collectivity and entrepreneurship. By identifying these images, the paper contributes to the development of a critical approach to organizational aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of religion in the French revolution, focusing on religious ideals expressed in the newspaper "La Feuille villageoise" from 1790 to 1792. Special attention is paid to the inaugural issue of the paper's depiction of conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, and Jansenist elements of the paper's message are discussed. Other topics include religious toleration, the paper's coverage of events in foreign countries, and the paper's anticlericalism.

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Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Moderna is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the newspaper Folha do Norte do Paraná is both source and object of research. Woman beauty representations were sought in the period comprising the years 1962-1964. In analyzing such press, founded by Catholic Church (Diocese of Maringá/PR), it is aimed to understand, from this regional level, the historical sociocultural constructions of woman space in the northern Paraná society. It was listed reports of the column named Folha Feminina, space from this print medi a that speaks directly to women. The tips, advices and beauty appeals present in the matters are permeated by values, norms and behaviors that intended to delineate femininity at the time. Simultaneously, the identified representations show nuances and changes in relations to hegemonic models, suggesting influences from social dynamic of the studied period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the interpretations of the mobilizations and shaping of Catholic crowds in Argentina during the first half of the twentieth century. First, the text identifies the performative effects of the "classical paradigm" of secularization. Secondly, the article proposes relocating the contributions of the political approach, conceived in the context of the 1980s, in a broader explanatory framework, open to recent contributions of social and cultural history. To this end, the paper proposes a model based on the concept of crowd with the aim of discussing different dimensions of the phenomenon, highlighting its multifaceted nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper questions the complex relations between Jansenism, Catholic Enlightenment, and visual culture in the second half of the 18th century in Austrian ceiling painting. On this basis, selected examples from Vienna and Lower Austria are compared with the characteristic features of the Enlightenment (e.g. purifying the religious practices of sensual excess). The aim of this study is to bring the following -- hitherto largely neglected -- question into new focus: Did the Enlightenment cause, provoke, or produce new artistic attitudes or should pragmatism, classicism, and simplicity be considered as parallel phenomena in the complex intellectual history of the second half of the 18th century? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the transformation process of the Indian villages (called «aldeias») into parishes, in the Archdiocese of Bahia, from the new guidelines issued in the Pombaline period concerning indigenous and colonial policy. This process occurred in the last months of the year 1758 driven by a special tribunal of the «Mesa da Consciência e Ordens», introduced in Bahia, chaired by the diocesan prelate and attended by three royal ministers from Lisbon. The replacement of the Jesuits by priests contributed to a greater involvement of the secular clergy with indigenous issues in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his pioneering research into the geographical development of Tridentine Catholicism in Ireland, Whelan (1988) identifies two contrasting regions. From a core region located mainly in the south and east, innovations in Catholic thought and practice are presented as having diffused outwards geographically and downwards socially. The north and west of Ireland, however, is presented as having been slower in adapting to these changes. This paper finds that Cloyne Diocese may be broadly, yet not totally located within the core region given that the west of the diocese looks more like Whelan's periphery. Further analysis of this diocese suggests that contrasting one region as dynamic and active vis-a-vis another as lagging or passive is misleading since both regions are demonstrated to have been dynamic, albeit in different ways. These different paths were also influenced by the colonial and class relations within and through which Tridentine Catholicism interacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies some aspects of the diet of three hospitals of the New Granada in the late 18th century. To do this, we analyze accounting records found in the General National Hall of Records which recorded the purchase of foodstuffs in three San Juan de Dios hospitals located in Santafé de Bogotá, Cartagena, and Portobelo (Panama). The ingredients and recipes recorded describe a specific moment in the history of the diet in the hospital, determined by the religious and tributary model of the monastic and conventual world. The foods eaten then were influenced by the economic, cultural, religious, and hygienic circumstances surrounding them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Varia História is the property of Varia Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies why the Archbishop Víctor Manuel Sanabria supported the electoral alliance between the Republicano Nacional and Comunist parties in 1943. In addition, it examines to what extend this endorsement generated a division within the Costa Rican Catholic Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From its earliest settlement by Europeans three things have been true religiously about the Pacific Northwest (for purposes of this paper Oregon, Washington, Idaho, British Columbia, Alaska): 1) the region [...]

Like the text books they complement, dictionaries are widely used tools in schools. This article examines which dictionaries were authorised for use in schools from 1880 to 1960 by the Department of Public Instruction, the definitive authority for education in Quebec in the absence of a government department, and what use was made of them. During the period examined in this study, dictionaries had to receive endorsement, in the same manner as all text books for francophone public schools, from the Catholic Committee of the Council of Public Instruction, which was comprised half of Catholic bishops from Quebec and the other half from the Catholic laity. Text books and dictionaries were subjected to the meticulous and critical examination of the clerical authorities, who had the text modified or removed illustrations that did not seem to conform to orthodoxy in their eyes before granting their approval. Even though other dictionaries were circulating in Quebec, notably those of the publishers Mame, Quillet-Flammarion, and Hatier, it is the Larousse dictionary, particularly the Dictionnaire complet de la langue française with Canadian supplement, that dominated the period and that made the Montreal publisher Beauchemin its fortune. This study shows that the imported French book could only be distributed in Quebec and in Canada as long as the content met the moral standards of the Catholic Committee of the Council of Public Instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1 This note is derived from a paper presented to the Portsmouth City Records Office Seminar in March 1993. I am obliged to archivists on both sides of the Atlantic [...]

Betrayal of the Innocents: Desire, Power, and the Catholic Church in Spain. By Timothy J. Mitchell. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. 178 pp. $39.95 cloth; $16.50 paper. Timothy Mitchell [...]

The Catholic Church in the Twentieth Century: Renewing and Reimaging the City of God. Edited by John Deedy. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical, 2000. xvi + 244 pp. $24.95 paper. This book [...]