8 results
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2. “LA CONSISTENCIA DEL CONTENIDO DE LAS CONTRIBUCIONES DETERMINADAS A NIVEL NACIONAL DEL ACUERDO DE PARÍS CON LOS OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE”.
- Author
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Rodríguez Redondo, Antonio Jesús
- Subjects
PARIS Agreement (2016) ,SUSTAINABLE development ,LEGAL instruments ,CLIMATE change ,LEGAL compliance ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental is the property of CIEMAT, through its Centro Internacional de Estudios de Derecho Ambiental (CIEDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
3. Challenges in the EU Banking Sector as Exemplified by Poland in View of Legislative Changes Related to Climate Crisis Prevention.
- Author
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Komarnicka, Anna and Komarnicki, Michał
- Subjects
COOPERATIVE banking industry ,CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL responsibility ,BANKING industry ,LEGAL instruments - Abstract
The activity and initiatives undertaken by financial institutions to protect the environment are now the goal of the evolution of the entire financial market. However, it is important not to ignore the legal issues and their implications, which to a large extent now permeate many financial decisions and affect the practices and behaviours of banks. The main objective of this paper was to identify the current condition of and ongoing developments in European Union legal regulations concerning Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) and sustainable finance. An important aspect of this study was also to analyse the tools, legal instruments, standards and guidelines of the European Commission and the European Banking Authority (EBA) and those proposed by the international business environment in the area of non-financial reporting ESG disclosures in the EU banking sector as exemplified by Poland. In addition, this paper analyses the status of implementation of ESG-related requirements set by the EU legal framework by banks, banking associations and associations of cooperative banks operating in Poland. To achieve the objectives of this study, and to answer the research questions posed, an analysis of primary and secondary sources was carried out in conjunction with a review of the (national and foreign) literature on the subject. Two non-reactive research methodologies were used in the design of this study: the doctrinal legal method and desk research. The results of the analysis indicate that EU regulations are at the drafting stage and those adopted so far require a number of amendments. Banker associations have voiced extensive criticism of the regulations, which are viewed by banks as inadequate, unclear and inconsistent. Both EU and Polish banker associations primarily point to a high degree of generality in the solutions and legal frameworks adopted. The legal acts enacted to date do not correspond to the needs of the market. The analysis of the positions of the banking associations also revealed that the EU legislation still has gaps preventing a harmonised approach to the comprehensive and consistent integration of ESG factors by banks in their strategy and operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN EUROPEAN UNION AND ASEAN: UNDERSTANDING POLICY VARIATIONS BETWEEN TWO REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS.
- Author
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NUR, Asrul Ibrahim
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE investing ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,FINANCIAL services industry ,SOFT law ,LEGAL instruments - Abstract
The impact of climate change is experienced all over the world. The effort to mitigate the impact continues to be made in a wide range of sectors, including the financial industry. The concept of sustainable investment in the financial services industry is one of the strategies to address climate change. However, sustainable investment is not limited to national jurisdictions. At the regional levels organisations such as the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have also established definite guidelines. The EU has adopted hard law in the form of regulations on sustainability disclosure and taxonomy that facilitate sustainable investment. ASEAN has also introduced soft law in the form of the ASEAN Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance. The purpose of this study is to examine and provide a comparison of the regulation of sustainable investment in both regional organisations that have distinct integration characteristics. This paper argues that the distinctive characteristics of integration have an influence on the choice of legal instruments and their binding force on member states. The comparative study revealed that both the EU and ASEAN adopt the common principles of environmental protection and climate change mitigation. However, the EU and ASEAN have different ways of defining these principles in their respective legal instruments. In addition, the research also reveals that the different choice of legal instruments also has an effect on the advantages and limitations of implementing sustainable finance. Finally, this study proposes that the EU and ASEAN share a common vision in the implementation of sustainable finance in line with the growing economic relations between the two regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
5. Conservation covenants for ecosystem restoration: adapting an old instrument to a new global conservation challenge?
- Author
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Richardson, Benjamin J., Brugler, Sarah, Fitzsimons, James A., McCormack, Phillipa C., and Akhtar-Khavari, Afshin
- Subjects
RESTORATION ecology ,NATURE reserves ,CONSERVATION easements ,LAW reform ,LAND management ,LEGAL instruments - Abstract
Conservation covenants are an important legal tool for enabling private land conservation, whose significance to policymakers has recently grown in light of new global commitments to expand areas of land and water protected and restored. Covenants' traditional focus on conservation of existing natural values rather than restoration of degraded land or active management of environments impacted by climate change pose significant challenges to the flexibility and efficacy of this legal instrument. In Australia, recent national legal reforms to incentivise private land conservation, notably the new Nature Repair Act 2023, will need to consider how it can align with conservation covenanted lands that are regulated by different laws with different criteria and goals. Here we identify some pathways for enabling conservation covenants to play an expanded role in the context of ecosystem restoration and climate adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Can the Right to A Good and Healthy Environment be Claimed as a Human Right?
- Author
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Romsan, Achmad, Utama, Meria, Idris, Akhmad, Sari, Tuti Indah, Azhar, Herwin, Verawaty, Mariska, Hashemi, Hamet, and Najafabadi, Maysam Aboutalebi
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,LEGAL instruments ,HUMAN ecology ,COURTS of special jurisdiction ,FOREST fires ,OIL palm ,REFUGEE children - Abstract
Land fires in South Sumatra are an annual problem during the long dry season. It was recorded that in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, the land fires spread massively in the four districts of South Sumatra. The peatlands located within oil palm plantations in the Districts of Ogan Komering Ilir, Banyuasin, Musi Banyuasin, and the district of Ogan Ilir were the source of the fire. The haze not only attracts national but also international attention. Besides human contribution to land fire, climate change should also be considered. The role of El Nino makes the season uncertain. Land fires affect human health and other human activities in the affected areas. Three legal instruments guarantee and protect the people's right to the environment, i.e., The 1945 Indonesian Constitution, the 2009 Law No. 32 on the Environment, and the 1999 Law No. 39 on Human Rights. The problem raised herein is to what extent people can claim the right to a clean environment as human rights guaranteed and protected in those legal instruments. The results of the discussion show that those three legal instruments do not protect people whose human rights have been violated. This is because 2000 Law No. 26 on Human Rights has no jurisdiction over environmental matters. It is suggested that establishing a special Environmental Court is the solution to protect community environmental human rights cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions.
- Author
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Robinson, Tamara B., Martin, Nicole, Loureiro, Tainã G., Matikinca, Phikolomzi, and Robertson, Mark P.
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL invasions ,CLIMATE change ,BIOSECURITY ,TRAFFIC flow ,LEGAL instruments ,BIOTIC communities - Abstract
The implications of climate change for biological invasions are multifaceted and vary along the invasion process. Changes in vectors and pathways are likely to manifest in changes in transport routes and destinations, together with altered transit times and traffic volume. Ultimately, changes in the nature of why, how, and where biota are transported and introduced will pose biosecurity challenges. These challenges will require increased human and institutional capacity, as well as proactive responses such as improved early detection, adaptation of present protocols and innovative legal instruments. Invasion success and spread are expected to be moderated by the physiological response of alien and native biota to environmental changes and the ensuing changes in biotic interactions. These in turn will likely affect management actions aimed at eradicating, containing, and mitigating invasions, necessitating an adaptive approach to management that is sensitive to potentially unanticipated outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Lessons from Output-Based Aid for Leveraging Finance for Clean Energy
- Author
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Hussain, Mustafa Zakir and Etienne, Catherine
- Subjects
AFFORDABILITY ,RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ,CARBON FINANCE ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,AMOUNT OF CAPITAL ,APPROACH ,SOLAR ENERGY ,SOURCE OF FUNDS ,SOLAR POWER ,PUBLIC FACILITIES ,EMISSIONS ,INVESTMENT CAPITAL ,RENEWABLE ENERGY ,WIND PROJECTS ,RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS ,ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ,DONOR SUPPORT ,DUE DILIGENCE ,RETURNS ,DEVELOPMENT COMPANY ,SUBSIDY FUNDING ,PETROLEUM IMPORTS ,GENERATION CAPACITY ,FARMERS ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,FIXED RATE ,DEPOSITS ,RECEIPT ,COST OF ELECTRICITY ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,PETROLEUM ,ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ,RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES ,EMISSION FACTORS ,RISK MITIGATION ,ENERGY POLICIES ,CARBON EMISSIONS ,LOCAL FINANCE ,LOW COST LOANS ,DISBURSEMENT ,GRID CONNECTION ,LIQUIDITY ,INTEREST RATES ,CREDIT RISK ,MARKET FAILURE ,LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS ,PRIVATE SECTOR FINANCING ,WORKING CAPITAL ,MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTION ,CASH FLOW ,RENEWABLE POWER ,HYDRO-POWER ,FIXED CAPITAL ,WIND SPEEDS ,ENERGY MIX ,FINANCING REQUIREMENTS ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,MICROCREDIT ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,RURAL ENERGY ,UNIVERSAL ACCESS ,BIOMASS ,DRY CELL BATTERIES ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,CLEAN ENERGY GENERATION ,MICRO-CREDITS ,PORTFOLIO ,CONVENTIONAL ENERGY ,LENDERS ,SOLAR LANTERNS ,BIOMASS GAS ,DEBT FINANCE ,FINANCIAL VIABILITY ,HOST COUNTRY ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,EQUIPMENT ,DONOR FUNDS ,HOUSEHOLDS ,GRID ELECTRICITY ,PAY-BACK PERIODS ,UNION ,INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS ,POLICY RESPONSE ,CREDIT FACILITY ,INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN ,LOAN ,KEROSENE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,MICROFINANCE ,MARKET FAILURES ,GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY ,INCOME GROUPS ,REPAYMENT ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,INVESTMENT FUNDS ,ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY ,CREDIT SCHEMES ,ONSHORE WIND ,INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS ,TRADING ,POWER CONSUMER ,CAPITAL COST ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,REPAYMENT PERIOD ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,CREDIT MARKET ,LOCAL CURRENCY ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS ,RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ,CREDIT WORTHINESS ,INITIAL INVESTMENT ,TRANSACTION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,RATES OF INTEREST ,BARRIERS TO INVESTMENT ,TRUST FUND ,PERFORMANCE RISK ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,GRID CONNECTIONS ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,LEGAL INSTRUMENTS ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,FUTURE CASH FLOWS ,ACCESS TO ENERGY ,INSTRUMENT ,DIESEL ,INVESTING ,RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY ,TECHNICAL SUPPORT ,INVESTMENT RISK ,AID EFFECTIVENESS ,LOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,BIOGAS ,LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS ,SUPPLY COSTS ,MICRO-FINANCE ,KEY BENEFITS ,FLUORESCENT LAMP ,ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ,MFI ,INVESTMENT BARRIER ,INVESTMENT DECISION ,PARTIAL RISK ,POLLUTION ,WIND GENERATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE ,FINANCIAL CAPACITY ,GRID POWER ,FINANCIAL COST ,MARKET VALUE ,ACCEPTABLE COLLATERAL ,SOURCES OF CREDIT ,CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY ,DEBT ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ,TRADITIONAL FUEL ,COMMODITY PRICE ,LOCAL FINANCIAL MARKETS ,MFIS ,PRIVATE INVESTOR ,CREDITS ,SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION ,EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS ,MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,FUEL ,ELECTRICITY ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CREDIBILITY ,PRICE RISK ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,CAPITAL COSTS ,FINANCES ,COMMERCIAL LENDING ,ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ,BANK FINANCING ,CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION ,MICRO CREDIT ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CURRENCY RISK ,AFFORDABLE CREDIT ,CURRENCY RISKS ,TRANSACTIONS COSTS ,UTILITY COMPANY ,HOST GOVERNMENT ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,CLIMATE SYSTEM ,CLEAN ENERGY ,MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,INVESTMENT BARRIERS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,POWER GENERATION ,SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,FINANCIAL COSTS ,UTILITIES ,RATES OF RETURN ,LOAN PROGRAM ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,EXTERNAL FINANCE ,CASH FLOWS ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,SAVINGS ,CHECKS ,ENERGY SOURCES ,FINANCING NEEDS ,TRUST FUNDS ,FOREIGN CURRENCY ,INTEREST RATE ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,EMISSION ,GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS ,EXPENDITURE ,OPERATING COSTS - Abstract
This paper focused on the delivery mechanisms for bilateral, multi-lateral, host government subsidy, and consumer cross-subsidy funding to enhance private sector investment. However, the specific source of funds is not deemed to be especially relevant for the purposes of this working paper. Focus on some of the useful characteristics of Output-Based Aid (OBA) experience to date that may be relevant. Propose an option for how OBA experience could be used to deliver national and programmatic supports to projects in middle- and low-income countries in coordination with other multi-lateral development bank instruments such as concessional loans and credits. This working paper does not: specifically address strengths and weaknesses of the clean development mechanism and only briefly touches on issues with using carbon finance in the current market. Carry out an assessment of experience with feed-in tariffs or advanced market commitments, or indeed other results orientated schemes.
- Published
- 2012
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