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Underwater blasting technology has been widely used in inland waterway improvement projects. However, due to the particularity and complexity of underwater blasting, it is difficult to predict the transmission patterns of underwater blasting shock waves. Therefore, based on the Guoyuan Port Phase II project in Chongqing, the transmission patterns and influencing factors of underwater drilling blast shock wave pressure were investigated by field monitoring and numerical simulation. In this study, a total of 45 groups of shock wave pressures were measured, and the underwater shock wave pressure transmission formula obtained through data fitting was P = 27.39 × (Q1/3/R)1.25. Furthermore, the shock wave pressure transmission process in water was numerically simulated, and the simulation results were verified using field monitoring data. The results showed that the simulation and measured results were consistent. Finally, the influence of water depth, flow rate, and flow direction on the transmission pattern of shock wave pressure was analyzed, based on a numerical simulation method. The results showed that the more blastholes there are, the smaller the peak pressure of the shock wave. The lower the depth of blasting, the faster the decay of shock wave pressure. The flow rate has less effect on the shock wave pressure. At flow rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4 m/s in the range of 0 to 50 m, the shock wave pressure in the upstream flow decreased by 5.7%, 7.4%, 9.1%, and 10.2%, respectively, compared with that in the downstream flow. This study provides a theoretical basis for safety control of underwater drilling blasting engineering in inland waterways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Monitoring during the rare exposure period of the dike due to climatic conditions. • Spur dike greater impact on plankton diversity and physicochemical factors. • Planktonic community similarity in upstream–downstream of dike greater than dike type. • Co-occurrence network complexity for eukaryote is in longitudinal dike, prokaryote is in spur dike. • Flow velocity effect on planktonic community in aquatic environment around dike. To investigate the effects of the waterway regulation structures on the hydraulic characteristics, water physicochemical factors, and the planktonic community in the upper Yangtze River, this study was conducted in August and September of 2022 on two ecological dikes in the Chongqing section of the upper Yangtze River: the longitudinal dike and the spur dike. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the differences in planktonic community structures upstream and downstream of the waterway regulation structures during the dry season, as well as their main influencing factors. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen increased significantly, and the turbidity and flow rate decreased significantly in downstream of dikes. The spur dike exhibited more pronounced changes in water quality and hydrodynamic factors compared to the longitudinal dike. The diversity index of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fungi in the downstream of dikes were higher than those in the upstream, and the bacterial diversity index was higher than those of eukaryotes at each sampling site. The impact of the spur dike on the planktonic biodiversity index was greater than that of the longitudinal dike, as it alters flow velocity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The major phyla of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria, including Cryptophyta (70.37–80.57 %), Mollusca (7.56–37.50 %), and Proteobacteria (48.53–55.92 %), had a higher relative abundance in upstream of dike, and their relative abundance in spur dike was higher than that in longitudinal dike. In contrast, the relative abundance of the major phylum of fungi, Ascomycota (37.15–56.85 %), showed an opposite trend in both dike-to-dike comparison and dike upstream-to-downstream comparison to the above three plankton. The analysis of the neutral community model indicated that the predominance of stochastic assembly processes in the planktonic community was higher in the longitudinal dike compared to the spur dike, and longitudinal dike demonstrated higher rates of planktonic migration and speciation compared to the spur dike. Flow rate, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were the significance influencing factors on the planktonic community structure in the aquatic environment around dike. Differences in dike-related environmental factors result in greater interactions among prokaryotes in the spur dike, while eukaryotes exhibited a more complex network of relationships in the longitudinal dike. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for the protection of biodiversity and the construction of ecological waterways in the waterway regulation engineering area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]