19 results
Search Results
2. Analyses of school commuting data for exposure modeling purposes.
- Author
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JIANPING XUE, McCURDY, THOMAS, BURKE, JANET, BHADURI, BUDHENDRA, CHENG LIU, NUTARO, JAMES, and PATTERSON, LAUREN
- Subjects
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COMMUTING , *CHILDREN'S health , *SCHOOL children , *CENSUS - Abstract
Human exposure models often make the simplifying assumption that school children attend school in the same census tract where they live. This paper analyzes that assumption and provides information on the temporal and spatial distributions associated with school commuting. The data were obtained using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's LandScan USA population distribution model applied to Philadelphia, PA. It is a high-resolution model used to allocate individual school-aged children to both a home and school location, and to devise a minimum-time home-to-school commuting path (called a trace) between the two locations. LandScan relies heavily on Geographic Information System (GIS) data. With respect to school children attending school in their home census tract, the vast majority does not in Philadelphia. Our analyses found that: (1) about 32% of the students walk across two or more census tracts going to school and 40% of them walk across four or more census blocks; and (2) 60% drive across four or more census tracts going to school and 50% drive across 10 or more census blocks. We also find that: (3) using a 5-min commuting time interval — as opposed to the modeled “trace” — results in misclassifying the “actual” path taken in 90% of the census blocks, 70% of the block groups, and 50% of the tracts; (4) a 1-min time interval is needed to reasonably resolve time spent in the various census unit designations; and (5) approximately 50% of both the homes and schools of Philadelphia school children are located within 160 m of highly traveled roads, and 64% of the schools are located within 200 m. These findings are very important when modeling school children's exposures, especially, when ascertaining the impacts of near-roadway concentrations on their total daily body burden. As many school children also travel along these streets and roadways to get to school, a majority of children in Philadelphia are in mobile source-dominated locations most of the day. We hypothesize that exposures of school children in Philadelphia to benzene and particulate matter will be much higher than if home and school locations and commuting paths at a 1-min time resolution are not explicitly modeled in an exposure assessment. Undertaking such an assessment will be the topic of a future paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Advancing from the Current State of Energy Retrofits to the Future State.
- Author
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Freihaut, James and Hallacher, Paul
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ENERGY consumption , *COMMERCIAL buildings , *CALORIC expenditure , *ENERGY development , *ENERGY storage - Abstract
The DOE Energy Efficient Buildings HUB, located at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, is charged with the dual objectives of a.) transforming the Regional building industry, system delivery processes, and b.) the existing commercial and multi-unit residential building stock in the eleven counties surrounding, including the City of Philadelphia . The specific focus of the HUB is on existing commercial and institutional buildings 100,000 square feet or smaller. The building system performance goal has two inter-related aspects: 50% energy utilization reduction, relative to pre-retrofit operation and establishing indoor environment measures that provide occupant satisfaction. The Hub is to provide cost-effective, robust, scalable means and methods to realize these SYSTEM performance goals in the Philadelphia Region building industry. The EEB HUB is working closely with DOE Headquarters, Oak Ridge, Laurence Berkley, Pacific Northwest and the National Renewable Energy Laboratories as well as ARPA-E in delineating commercial system implementation of significant building component, subsystem and design tool advances established by these organizations. The HUB is also working closely with ASHRAE in standards and guidelines development and identification of collaborative research projects . This paper focuses on the historical rationales underlying the effort, Hub program task areas and , its operational plan and activities. The Hub is unique, relative to other existing DOE Hubs - Fuels from Sunlight, Nuclear Reactor Efficiency - and proposed Hubs - Smart Grid, Energy Storage, Critical Materials - in its Regional focus. The Regional focus necessarily follows from the significant influences a Region's existing building stock characteristics, climate zone, energy costs, workforce skill sets, building code and project bidding regulations and market financing mechanisms have on adoption of building energy efficiency technologies and practices. Measured success in the Philadelphia Region will be followed by an analysis of what implementation or activity emphasis changes will be necessary to translate to other Regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
4. Drug trials: Stacking the deck.
- Author
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Giles, Jim
- Subjects
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CLINICAL trials , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
The article tackles one of the biggest problems with clinical trial reporting, the suppression of negative results. Christine Lane, an editor at the Annals of Internal Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania called the archiving of medical investigation results as phantom papers. The practice of having phantom papers would give an over-optimistic impression of the treatments studied, with consequences for peer reviewers, government regulators and maximizing patients.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Full Power Test of a 36.5 MW HTS Propulsion Motor.
- Author
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Gamble, Bruce, Snitchler, Greg, and MacDonald, Tim
- Subjects
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HIGH temperature superconductors , *TORQUE , *ELECTRIC windings , *PROPULSION systems , *ELECTRIC motors , *ELECTRIC equipment on ships - Abstract
This paper discusses the full-power testing of a 36.5 MW High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) propulsion motor at the Navy's Land Based Test Site (LBTS) located in Philadelphia, PA. This motor was developed under funding from the Office of Naval Research and passed no-load factory testing at Philadelphia in March 2007. The Naval Surface Warfare Center (Carderock Division - Philadelphia site) designed and installed a test facility at LBTS to support full-power/full-torque testing of the HTS motor delivered to the Navy in 2007. The facility, test plan and full-power and full-torque test results of the HTS propulsion motor are presented. These test results provide the final substantiation that this technology is ready for integration in to a Navy electric drive combatant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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6. Geotechnical Properties of Problem Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash and Limestone Dust in Philadelphia.
- Author
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Brooks, Robert, Udoeyo, Felix F., and Takkalapelli, Keerthi V.
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ENGINEERING geology , *PROBLEM soils , *FLY ash , *LIMESTONE , *ENVIRONMENTAL engineering , *ADDITIVES - Abstract
This paper presents the results of a laboratory experimental program to evaluate the potential of limestone dust (LSD) and coal fly ash (CFA) to stabilize some problem soils in southeastern Pennsylvania. Some of the geotechnical characteristics of the soils investigated include Atterberg limits, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), swell, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test performed on the generated data confirmed that LSD and CFA contents significantly influenced the compaction and the strength characteristics of Philadelphia soils stabilized with these additives. Results of the study showed that the plasticity and swell of the soils were reduced by 40% and between 40 and 70%, respectively. The results further showed a marked increase in strength of the soils for CBR and UCS when stabilized with the additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Perceptions of Audio Computer-Assisted Self- Interviewing (ACASI) among Women in an HIV-Positive Prevention Program.
- Author
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Estes, Larissa J., Lloyd, Linda E., Teti, Michelle, Raja, Sheela, Bowleg, Lisa, Allgood, Kristi L., and Glick, Nancy
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HIV-positive women , *QUALITATIVE chemical analysis , *ACQUISITION of data , *HIV prevention , *PRIVACY - Abstract
Background: Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI) has improved the reliability and accuracy of self-reported HIV health and risk behavior data, yet few studies account for how participants experience the data collection process. Methodology/Principal Findings: This exploratory qualitative analysis aimed to better understand the experience and implications of using ACASI among HIV-positive women participating in sexual risk reduction interventions in Chicago (n = 12) and Philadelphia (n = 18). Strategies of Grounded Theory were used to explore participants' ACASI experiences. Conclusion/Significance: Key themes we identified included themes that could be attributed to the ACASI and other methods of data collection (e.g., paper-based self-administered questionnaire or face-to-face interviews). The key themes were usability; privacy and honesty; socially desirable responses and avoiding judgment; and unintentional discomfort resulting from recalling risky behavior using the ACASI. Despite both positive and negative findings about the ACASI experience, we conclude that ACASI is in general an appropriate method for collecting sensitive data about HIV/AIDS risk behaviors among HIV-positive women because it seemed to ensure privacy in the study population allowing for more honest responses, minimize socially desirable responses, and help participants avoid actual or perceived judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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8. Pediatric cochlear implantation-II: postoperative follow-up.
- Author
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Mishra, Anupam and Franck, Kevin H.
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COCHLEAR implants , *PEDIATRIC surgery , *OTOLARYNGOLOGISTS - Abstract
A child with a cochlear implant is expected to achieve the successful outcome of facilitated perception of sound and more oral communication. To achieve this goal, ongoing intervention from a variety of professionals is required. These professionals may represent the disciplines of medicine, audiology, social work, education, and speech / language pathology. In India, cochlear implantation is available in only a few large cities. Here, the otolaryngologist will direct the cochlear implant program. Besides determination of medical candidacy, device implantation and medical management, the otolaryngologist is responsible to ensure that other aspects of cochlear implant management are implemented. This paper, the second of two that describe the multidisciplinary, team approach of the Pediatric Cochlear Implant Program of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), in Pennsylvania, USA, discusses the non-medical aspects of cochlear implant post-implantation follow-up, The first article, previously published, discussed cochlear implant candidacy. The various speech tests used at CHOP for assessment are based on the English language. They may be translated into the regional Indian languages where the assessment and training can be carried out accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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9. Inbreeding, eugenics, and Helen Dean King (1869—1955).
- Author
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Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey
- Subjects
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INBREEDING , *RATS , *ANIMAL models in research - Abstract
Helen Dean King's scientific work focused on inbreeding using experimental data collected from standardized laboratory rats to elucidate problems in human heredity. The meticulous care with which she carried on her inbreeding experiments assured that her results were dependable and her theoretical explanations credible. By using her nearly homozygous rats as desired commodities, she also was granted access to venues and people otherwise unavailable to her as a woman. King's scientific career was made possible through her life experiences. She earned a doctorate from Bryn Mawr College under Thomas Hunt Morgan and spent a productive career at the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology in Philadelphia where she had access to the experimental subjects which made her career possible. In this paper I examine King's work on inbreeding, her participation in the debates over eugenics, her position at the Wistar Institute, her status as a woman working with mostly male scientists, and her involvement with popular science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Some Observations on Conducting Research in the Digital Era.
- Author
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Gileadi, Eliezer
- Subjects
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SCIENCE , *MATHEMATICS , *RESEARCH & development - Abstract
This article focuses on views of the author, who is the winner of 2003 Olin Palladium Award, on conducting research in the digital era. At the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia the author met Srinivasan Subramanian, called Srini for short, who has been his good friend ever since. When there was an equation to solve Srini would look at it, think a minute, and write down the solution. He was the mathematical wizard for students. They spend time for nearly three years, learned a lot from each other, wrote a few papers together, and consoled each other when the going got rough.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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11. A Modest Proposal: Less (Authority) Is More (Learning).
- Author
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Zuckerman, Michael
- Subjects
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HISTORY , *HIGHER education , *CURRICULUM - Abstract
Talks about teaching the History 443 course at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Information on the student presentations of their class syllabus; Description of the components of the students' final papers; Project which sent the students into the schools of West Philadelphia.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. On Reforming the Fallen and Beyond: Transforming Continuity at the Magdalen Society of Philadelphia, 18451916.
- Author
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Lu Ann De Cunzo
- Subjects
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ARCHITECTURE & women , *RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
The first institution in the United States concerned with caring for and reforming fallen women, the Magdalen Society of Philadelphia and its Asylum provide one window into the many changes that occurred in American culture between the institution's founding in 1800 and closing in 1916. This paper outlines aspects of a contextual, feminist historical archaeology of the Society, focussing on the changes and continuities that characterized the period 18451916. The research centers on what each of the Society's constituent groups said (their oral discourse) and what they did (their performance discourse) as they pursued their own cultural agenda and goals. Both resulted in, indeed necessitated, and occurred in the context of the production, use, interpretation, alteration, and replacement of material culture. It remains difficult to hear the voices of Philadelphia's fallen, to understand their perspectives, goals, and strategies, and to cast them as actors, not victims. But a diverse corpus of written records and the women's actions and reactions in the context of the Asylum's architecture, landscape, foodways, and dress code present archaeologists with a unique opportunity to understand a transforming ritual in action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. IMS 2003 -- UPBEAT AND INTERESTING IN PHILADELPHIA.
- Author
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Bashore, Frank
- Subjects
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CONFERENCES & conventions , *MICROWAVES , *RESEARCH , *EXHIBITIONS - Abstract
Presents information on the 2003 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium held from June 18 through 13, 2003 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Number of research papers received for the symposium; Social events of the symposium; Details of the exhibition also held during the symposium.
- Published
- 2003
14. Looking Back to Look Forward: Learning from Philadelphia's 350 Years of Urban Development.
- Author
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Gyourko, Joseph
- Subjects
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URBAN growth , *ECONOMIC history , *MANUFACTURED products - Abstract
Investigates the changing economic conditions in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which have buffeted the city over its long history. Advantages of a detailed investigation of a single city; Background on the ability of the city to reinvent itself following shocks to its fundamental economic underpinnings; Information on the affluence and economic diversity of Philadelphia; Shift of the city's capital and energy toward manufacturing.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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15. Disgraced cloner's ally is cleared of misconduct.
- Author
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Marris, Emma and Check, Erika
- Subjects
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SCIENTISTS , *CLONING , *FRAUD in science - Abstract
The article reports that Gerald Schatten which was recently exposed for faking the results of cloning experiments was cleared of misconduct by University of Pittsburgh in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. An investigation was conducted by the university after claims in a paper that he had co-authored the cloning research which turned out to be false.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. NEWS & INFORMATION.
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DERMATOLOGY , *PRIZES (Contests & competitions) , *ANNUAL meetings , *DERMATOLOGISTS , *PROFESSIONAL associations ,PHYSICIANS' societies - Abstract
The article presents news and information related to dermatology. It states that the twelve dermatological residents will compete in December 1974 for the Fifth Henry W. Stelwagon Prize presented by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia to "the resident who shall be adjudged to give the most outstanding paper" at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology. The Stelwagon Prize stems from an endowment bequeathed to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia by Henry Weightman Stelwagon, who was the first teacher of Dermatology at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
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17. RUMORS ABOUT MY ANTI-HOMOSEXUAL VIEWS: A REPLY TO KRISTIN GAY ESTERBERG.
- Author
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Ellis, Albert
- Subjects
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HOMOSEXUALITY , *SEXUAL orientation , *HUMAN sexuality , *CIVIL rights - Abstract
The article responds to Kristin Gay Esterberg's comments on the author's alleged views on homosexuality in the February 1990 issue of "The Journal of Sex Research." Author's "vicious anti-homosexual views" were such that he received one of the very few honorary memberships in the Mattachine Society in the 1950s, was asked to publish papers in the Mattachine Review, and was invited to the Philadelphia conference because he was one of the rare psychologists who was known to be pro-homosexual he had for years before this defended gays in several court cases, upheld gay rights in a number of books and articles, and was a close friend and collaborator of Donald Webster Cory, author of "The Homosexual in America," and one of the most prominent proponents of gay liberation in the 1950s and 1960s. Once a false rumor gets under way, it seems almost impossible to stop its staunch and dogmatic repetition. Thus, someone, around 1960, started the rumor that the author have had five wives, instead of the mere two the author have actually had.
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- 1990
- Full Text
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18. 1966 Proceedings of the Charles S. Peirce Society.
- Author
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Robin, Richard S. and Murphey, Murray G.
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MEETINGS , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Details the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Charles S. Peirce Society held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 28, 1966. Papers presented at the meeting; Resolutions of the Executive Committee presented; Information on the treasurer's report.
- Published
- 1967
19. Scholars Report on Recent Research and Discoveries.
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ARCHAEOLOGY conferences , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Reports on the annual 'Reports from the Field' program of the Philadelphia-based University of Pennsylvania Museum held on December 6, 2000. Speakers; Research papers presented.
- Published
- 2001
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