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Met een vaste plaats in het gezinsleven en een hoofdrol in veel bekeken video’s op het internet is het veilig om te stellen dat de kat mateloos populair is. Maar de kat die buiten vrij rondloopt, ligt sinds een paar jaar onder vuur vanwege de ecologische schade die hem aangerekend wordt. Hoort de kat buiten, of moeten we deze geliefde viervoeter binnenhouden om vogels te beschermen en ecologische schade te voorkomen?

Contains fulltext : 229364.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) or CRC with a low immunoscore is associated with shorter survival times. Non-metastatic CRC with microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with a lower risk of recurrence. We evaluated outcome (lymph node metastases [LNM] or cancer recurrence) in these tumor subtypes in patients with surgically-removed non-pedunculated T1 CRC by performing a multicenter case-cohort study. We included all patients in 13 hospitals in the Netherlands from 2000-2014 (n = 651). We randomly selected a subgroup of patients (n = 223) and all patients with LNM or recurrence (n = 63), and median follow-up of 44 months. We centrally reviewed tumor-slides, and constructed and immunostained tissue microarrays determining MSI, CMS (MSI/CMS1, CMS2/3, or CMS4), and immunoscore (I-low/I-high). We used weighted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association of MSI, CMS, and immunoscore with LNM or recurrence, adjusting for conventional histologic risk factors. In the randomly selected subgroup of patients, 7.1% of tumors were MSI/CMS1, 91.0% CMS2/3, 1.8% CMS4, and 25% I-low. In the case-cohort, patients with CMS4 tumors had an increased risk for LNM or recurrence compared with patients with tumors of other CMSs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.97; 95% CI, 1.12-14.06; P = 0.03). Albeit not significant, tumors with MSI had a lower risk for LNM or recurrence than other tumor subtypes (adjusted HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.12-2.30; P = 0.39), whereas tumors with a low immunoscore had an increased risk for LNM or recurrence (adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.68-2.48; P = 0.43). In conclusion, in a case-cohort study of patients with non-pedunculated T1 CRC, MSI, and immunoscore were not significantly associated with adverse outcome after surgery. CMS4 substantially increased the risk of adverse outcome. However, CMS4 is rare in T1 CRCs, limiting its value for determining the risk in patients.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Distribution of CMS per tumor stage in the total and individual cohorts. Supplementary Figure S1. Distribution of the molecular subtypes per tumor stage in the individual cohorts. Supplementary Figure S2. Random sampling all subtypes n = 130. Supplementary Figure S3. Heatmap of the differentially expressed genes between tumor stages. Supplementary Table S2. Distribution of the molecular subtypes in high and low risk stage II CRC patients. Supplementary Figure S4. Disease-free survival in patients with ≥ 10 lymph nodes assessed. Supplementary Table S3. Multivariate analysis of CMS and disease free survival for total stage II cohort. Supplementary Table S4. Characteristics extended GSE33113 cohort.

In this article, we describe experiences with dialogue evenings within a research collaboration on long-term care and dementia in the Netherlands. What started as a conventional process of ‘reporting back’ to interlocutors transformed over the course of two years into learning and knowing together. We argue that learning took place in three different articulations. First, participants learnt to expand their notion of knowledge. Second, they learnt to relate differently to each other and, therewith, to dementia. And third, participants learnt how to generate knowledge with each other. We further argue that these processes did not happen continuously, but in moments. We suggest that a framework of collaborative moments can be helpful for research projects that are not set up collaboratively from the start. Furthermore, we point to the work required to facilitate these moments.

This article reports on the construction of the Automation Attitude Questionnaire (AAQ), which assesses airline pilots’ perceptions about operating advanced commercial aircraft. A total of 262 airline pilots from a large South African carrier participated in the validation of the instrument. A five-factor measurement model was established after applying several rounds of exploratory factor analysis. The five factors associated with pilots’ perceptions of advanced flight deck automation were labelled understanding, training, trust, workload, and design. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and the mean inter-item correlation of each factor were highly satisfactory and confirmed the homogeneity and unidimensionality of the five-factor solution for the AAQ.Keywords: Aviation, Automation Attitude Questionnaire, Factor Analysis, Human Factors, Flight Deck, Psychometric

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/ mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety 'Mode of Action' framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology. © The Author 2015.

In this paper we explore the distinctive and hierarchical dynamics of a typical field of avant-garde art: contemporary classical music. Researchers on cultural taste and distinction often ignore this genre due to its small following, whereas literature on avant-garde does not focus on consumers. By means of interviews with ten regular visitors of contemporary music and ten regular visitors of classical-romantic music, we investigate with which expectations and criteria both audiences listen to music, whether they distinguish themselves from each other, and how they position both genres in a hierarchical order. Listeners in the first group distinguish themselves from the latter by their open attitude towards unfamiliar music, and their hard work to understand ‘complex’ music. However, they perceive the classical-romantic repertoire as higher on the cultural ladder, due to its canonized status. Hence, various logics of cultural hierarchies can contradict each other, depending on the context in which they are expressed.

Gaming is rapidly gaining popularity as a pastime among women. One explanation for this could be the industry targeting female gamers through specific ‘girl game’ releases. This could imply that there are a priori differences in game design preferences between female and male gamers. The purpose of the present study is to explore these differences to see whether there is a mediating effect of previous experience with certain game genres on subsequent design preferences of male and female gamers. More particularly, we distinguish between ‘core’ genre players (CP) and ‘non-core’ genre players (NCP). By means of a 2*2 ANOVA design using an online survey, we examine the main effects of gender, core genre players (CP/NCP) and the interaction effects between both independent variables. The results show that game preferences of male CP, female CP and male NCP are generally in line with one another whereas those of female NCP differ significantly.

Lange tijd zijn tumoren gezien als massa's van sneldelende cellen. Deze visie op kanker is niet langer correct. Tumoren blijken veel gemeen te hebben met normale organen. Net als bij gezond weefsel houdt een klein deel van de kankercellen langdurig de groei in stand. Dit zijn de kankerstamcellen. Deze vondst heeft grote gevolgen voor de manier waarop tegen tumoren wordt aangekeken, en hoe therapieën tegen kanker kunnen worden verbeterd. Louis Vermeulen beschrijft onderzoek naar de verschillende aspecten van het kankerstamcel-model bij dikkedarmkanker. Zo bekeek hij de manier waarop één enkele kankerstamcel in staat is om een tumor te vormen, de relatie van de kankerstamcel met zijn omgeving en de manier waarop het kankerstamcel-model tumor-evolutie beïnvloedt.

Higher education institutions in South Africa have undergone a number of changes over the past few years. These changes brought about inter alia changed work environments and job demands. One of the new job demands is the need to incorporate technology in teaching and learning, viz. e-learning. Not all job incumbents, however, adapted successfully to these changes, particularly with regard to e-readiness. Such a lack in e-readiness is likely to influence the effectiveness with which an academic employee will fulfil his/her online learning duties. Therefore, it is important to find solutions to overcome the lack of e-readiness. This article will focus on the role of human resource appraisal, in order to assess the e-readiness of online learning facilitators with a view to improving their online skills and capacity. A number of human factors that can play a role in employee performance and motivation, namely learning styles, personal profile patterns, and pace and style of technology adoption will be briefly outlined, in order to determine the role that these factors could play in assessing the e-readiness of online learning facilitators. Hoëronderwysinstellings in Suid-Afrika het die afgelope paar jaar verskeie veranderings ondergaan. Hierdie veranderings het onder andere veranderde werksomgewings en veranderde werksvereistes teweeg gebring. Een van hierdie veranderde werksvereistes is die gebruik van tegnologie in leer en onderrig, naamlik e-leer. Alle posbekleërs het egter nie noodwendig saam met die pos verander nie. Waar daar 'n tekort aan e-gereedheid ervaar word, sal die effektiwiteit waarmee die aka-demiese personeellid sy/haar aanlyntake vervul, beïnvloed word en daarom is dit belangrik om oplossings vir die gebrek aan e-gereedheid te vind. Hierdie artikel fokus op die rol van prestasie-evaluering met die doel om die e-gereedheid van 'n aanlyn-leerfasiliteerderte evalueer ten einde sy/haar vaardighede en kapasiteit te verbeter. 'n Aantal menslike faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in 'n werk-nemer se prestasie-evaluering en -motivering, naamlik leerstyle, persoonlike werksprofiele en die pas en styl waarmee 'n werknemer aanpas by die gebruik van tegnologie, sal kortliks uiteengesit word met die doel om die rol wat hierdie faktore in die evaluering van e-gereedheid van 'n web-gerugsteunde leerfasiliteerder speel, te bepaal.

A recognition of the legitimate origins of the idea of Christian-National Education in a people’s struggle for freedom does not mean endorsing the idea as such. Especially in its later development, it seems that the Christian-National idea has taken on wholly unacceptable features…For those who identify with the people’s education movement, the Christian-National idea will be a symbol of the system of oppression against which they now struggle so that it will be difficult for them to appreciate its origins in an earlier struggle against oppression that closely parallels their own...