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We use data from the 2002 wave of the National Survey of America's Families to develop and validate discrete measures of material hardship that can be used to examine the difficulties that vulnerable populations such as people with disabilities have in making ends meet. Using latent class analysis, we estimate two measurement models: multidimensional and omnibus. The multidimensional model provides separate estimates for food, medical, and housing and utilities hardship. The omnibus model is a single model of 11 hardship indicators. Results show three distinct classes of food hardship, three classes of medical hardship, and two classes of housing/utilities hardship. The omnibus model reveals eight classes. Both the multidimensional and omnibus models are largely invariant between women with disabilities and women without disabilities, indicating that valid comparisons can be made between these populations using these classes of hardship. These classes can be utilized in further research on the hardship of women with disabilities to inform the development of policies targeted to alleviate the specific forms of hardship experienced by disabled women.

Objectives. We examined the relationship between material hardship reported by low-income caregivers and caregivers' assessments of their children's overall health. Methods. We used logistic regression techniques to analyze data from 1073 children aged 5 through 11 years whose caregivers participated in multiple waves of the Illinois Families Study. Results. Caregivers' reports of food hardship were strongly associated with their assessments of their children's health. Other sources of self-reported material hardship were also associated with caregivers' assessments of their children's health, but the effects disappeared when we controlled for caregiver physical health status and mental health status. Proximal measures of material hardship better explained low-income children's health than traditional socio-economic measures. There were no statistically significant cumulative effects of material hardships above and beyond individual hardship effects. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the importance of developing and supporting programs and policies that ensure access to better-quality food, higher quantities of food, and better living conditions for low-income children, as well as health promotion and prevention efforts targeted toward their primary caregivers as ways to reduce health disparities for this population. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.119776)

Objective： The study examined the structural relationship of Korean fathers' acceptance of immigrant mothers' native language, mothers' participation in home-country activities, parent- child relationship and multiethnic children's attitudes toward mothers' minority culture, focusing on the mediational effects of mothers' participation in home-country activities and parent-child relationship. Methods： The study used data from the 2012 National Study of Multiethnic Families. The samples of multiethnic families (N = 1,100) consist of a Korean father, an immigrant mother and a child, aged between 9 and 12 were used. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling. Results： The results of this study show that Korean fathers' acceptance of immigrant mothers' native language has a direct effect on multiethnic children's attitudes toward mothers' culture. In addition, mothers' participation in home-country activities and parent-child relationship had statistically significant mediating roles in the relationship between Korean fathers' acceptance of mothers' native language and children's attitudes toward mothers' culture. Conclusion： The results from this study suggest that Korean fathers' acceptance of immigrant mothers' language is an important factor for immigrant mothers' cultural socialization practices, positive home environment and children's socio-emotional development. Implications and limitations of this study and interventions for multiethnic families in South Korea were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]