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Estudos sobre cyberbullying s?o cada vez mais importantes no contexto em que vivemos. O uso das Tecnologias de Informa??o e Comunica??o ? TICs - tomou propor??es bastante relevantes para que esse modelo de viol?ncia virtual permeasse os diferentes contextos em que estamos inseridos. A grande maioria dos estudos sobre essa tem?tica avalia os preju?zos deste processo na popula??o infanto-juvenil, dando pouca aten??o para a rela??o existente entre o cyberbullying, a idade adulta e os poss?veis preju?zos ocasionados a partir dessa associa??o. Diferentes estudos j? relataram o quanto esse fen?meno acarreta preju?zos para os envolvidos, independente do papel nele desempenhado. Sintomas relacionados ? baixa autoestima, solid?o, tristeza e pensamentos de cunho suicida j? foram relacionados com o envolvimento em situa??es de cyberbullying. Como forma de melhor compreender esse modelo de viol?ncia virtual na popula??o adulta e entender as rela??es com os poss?veis desfechos de sa?de mental e com determinados tra?os de persolaidade, o presente estudo analisou essas rela??es, assim como, dados descritivos para melhor entender o cyberbullying em adultos brasileiros. O modelo dos cinco fatores de personalidade foi utilizado nas associa??es com o cyberbullying e indicadores de sa?de mental, como ansiedade, estresse e depress?o. Para isso, um estudo emp?rico foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar se h? diferen?as de g?nero nos diferentes pap?is no cyberbullying, entender se existe rela??o entre os indicares de sa?de mental e os distintos papeis no cyberbullying e, ainda, se h? rela??o com os cinco fatores de personalidade. Para isso, uma amostra de 237 adultos, com idades entre 18 e 65 anos (m?dia = 33,9 anos) participaram, atrav?s de coleta online, respondendo um question?rio sobre uso de tecnologias, escala de cyberbullying, escala de indicadores de sa?de mental e um invent?rio breve sobre os Cinco Fatores de Personalidade. Os resultados indicaram que na popula??o adulta h? a mesma sobreposi??o de pap?is encontrada na popula??o adolescente, existindo uma associa??o importante entre os papeis de v?tima e agressor, ou seja, ao mesmo tempo em que o individuo ? perpetrador de agress?o virtual ele tamb?m tende a ser vitima dessas agress?es dando lugar ao papel de v?tima-agressor. Os diferentes pap?is apresentaram associa??es positivas com os tr?s indicadores de sa?de mental analisados: ansiedade, estresse e depress?o. O neuroticismo foi o ?nico fator de personalidade que apresentou rela??o com os pap?is tanto de v?tima quanto de agressor. Rela??es com o uso de tecnologias para o lazer tamb?m foram encontradas com as vari?veis de sa?de mental, e o estresse foi considerado, a partir de um gr?fico de influ?ncia esperada, a vari?vel mais influente no contexto do cyberbullying. Os resultados desse estudo contribuem para a melhor compress?o do fen?meno de cyberbullying na idade adulta e seus poss?veis desfechos para essa popula??o, al?m de abrir espa?o para a cria??o de a??es que promovam contextos protetivos para os adultos considerando este tipo de viol?ncia virtual. Studies on cyberbullying are increasingly important in the context in which we live. The Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs ? increase has taken significant proportions allowing virtual violence common and in different contexts. The vast majority of studies on this topic assess risks in children and adolescents, and little attention has been given on cyberbullying in adulthood, and its possible risks. Different studies have already reported how this phenomenon affects those involved, regardless of the role they play in it. Symptoms related to low self-esteem, loneliness, sadness, and suicidal thoughts have already been related to involvement in cyberbullying situations. In order to better understand this model of cyberbullying in the adult population and understand the relationships with possible mental health outcomes and personality traits, this study analyzed these relationships, as well as descriptive data to better understand cyberbullying in Brazilian adults. The five-factor model of personality was also tested as well as mental health variables as anxiety, stress, and depression. To achieve this aim, an empirical study was conducted to verify if gender differences in different roles in cyberbullying, to understand the association between mental health indicators and the different roles in cyberbullying, and if there is association with the five personality factors and this kind of violence. In this sense, a sample of 237 adults, with ages between 18 and 65 years-old (mean age = 33.9 years) participated, through online survey, answering a questionnaire about technology use, cyberbullying scale, mental health indicator scale, and a brief inventory of the Five Personality Factors. The results indicated that in the adult population the same overlapping of roles found in the adolescent population is observed, and an important association between the roles of victim and aggressor was found, that is, the individual may be a perpetrator of virtual aggression and he/she may also be also a victim of these aggressions, acting as a bully-victim. The different roles presented positive associations with the three mental health indicators analyzed: anxiety, stress and depression. Neuroticism was the only personality factor associated with both victim and aggressor roles. Associations with the use of technology for leisure with the mental health variables were also found , and stress was considered, from an expected influence graph, to be the most influential variable in the model studied. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of cyberbullying in adulthood and its possible consequences, as well as open space to the promotion of protective contexts for the adults considering this virtual violence.

Background: There is a worldwide shift towards increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with concurrent rising prevalence of obesity. We examined the relationship between the consumption of UPF and weight gain and risk of obesity. Methods: This prospective cohort included 348 748 men and women aged 25-70 years. Participants were recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 9 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Two body weight measures were available, at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 5 years. Foods and drinks were assessed at baseline by dietary questionnaires and classified according to their degree of processing using NOVA classification. Multilevel mixed linear regression was used to estimate the association between UPF consumption and body weight change (kg/5 years). To estimate the relative risk of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years we used Poisson regression stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI). Results: After multivariable adjustment, higher UPF consumption (per 1 SD increment) was positively associated with weight gain (0.12 kg/5 years, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.15). Comparing highest vs. lowest quintile of UPF consumption was associated with a 15% greater risk (95% CI 1.11, 1.19) of becoming overweight or obese in normal weight participants, and with a 16% greater risk (95% CI 1.09, 1.23) of becoming obese in participants who were overweight at baseline. Conclusions: These results are supportive of public health campaigns to substitute UPF for less processed alternatives for obesity prevention and weight management. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.