6,105 results
Search Results
2. Essential Components of Effective HIV Care: A Policy Paper of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Ryan White Medical Providers Coalition
- Author
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Gallant, Joel E., Adimora, Adaora A., Carmichael, J. Kevin, Horberg, Michael, Kitahata, Mari, Quinlivan, E. Byrd, Raper, James L., Selwyn, Peter, and Williams, Steven Bruce
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. HIV Policy: The Path Forward—A Joint Position Paper of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American College of Physicians
- Author
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Lubinski, Christine, Aberg, Judith, Bardeguez, Arlene D., Elion, Richard, Emmanuel, Patricia, Kuritzkes, Daniel, Saag, Michael, Squires, Kathleen E., Weddle, Andrea, Rainey, Jennifer, Zerehi, M. Renee, Ralston, J. Fred, Fleming, David A., Bronson, David, Cooke, Molly, Cutler, Charles, Ejnes, Yul, Gluckman, Robert, Liebow, Mark, Musana, Kenneth, Mayer, Mark E., Purtle, Mark W., Reynolds, P. Preston, Viswanathan, Lavanya, Weiss, Kevin B., and Yehia, Baligh
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Opinion Paper : Importance of global communication to combat global pandemics: Lessons from the HIV Online Provider Education programme: Special Collection: UNAIDS Targets for 2030
- Author
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Airewele, Efeose A., Sunpath, Henry, Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S., and Gandhi, Rajesh T.
- Subjects
HIV ,AIDS ,COVID-19 ,COVID ,pandemic ,communication ,collaboration ,global health ,public health - Abstract
In many ways, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mirrors the challenges, lessons and opportunities of the HIV pandemic. In this article, we argue that global pandemics such as COVID-19 and HIV require a global response. We highlight the HIV Online Provider Education (HOPE) programme as an example of the importance of global communication when combating a pandemic. From both the COVID-19 and HIV pandemics, we have learned that to optimise health worldwide, it is necessary to have effective and efficient means of swiftly sharing experiences, expertise, best practices and guidelines. To prepare for the next public health emergency, clinicians and researchers must put in place and promote effective programmes for global communication.
- Published
- 2023
5. Use of Paper-Absorbed Fingerstick Blood Samples for Studies of Antibody to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 in Intravenous Drug Users
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Steger, Kathleen A., Craven, Donald E., Shea, Barbara F., Fitzgerald, Brianne R., Schwerzler, Mark, Seage, George R., and Hoff, Rodney
- Published
- 1990
6. Anticipating the Social Consequences of AIDS: A Position Paper [with Comments]
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Berk, Richard A., Rossi, Alice S., Shaw, Nancy Stoller, and Siegel, Karolynn
- Published
- 1987
7. Detecting Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Dried Blood on Filter Papers
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Farzadegan, Homayoon, Quinn, Thomas, and Polk, B. Frank
- Published
- 1987
8. Position Paper: The HIV-Infected Healthcare Worker
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The Association for Practitioners in Infection Control and The Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America
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- 1990
9. El papel de la educación para la salud en la prevención del VIH/sida: una aproximación desde la educación para el desarrollo en Centroamérica.
- Author
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Cobos-Sanchiz, David, Morón-Marchena, Juan-Agustín, and Castilla, Karla-Patricia
- Subjects
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GROUP decision making , *EDUCATIONAL planning , *AIDS , *HEALTH education , *RESEARCH implementation , *QUALITY of life , *HABIT - Abstract
This study describes an education for development experience related to health and quality of life implemented in the framework of an on-going university cooperation action in Central America. A space for debate on these issues was created to support and promote the implementation of local policies; provide technical support for the design, preparation and implementation of socio-educational research; train health mediators; and foster the exchange of experiences among professionals and institutions. Methodologically, the work comprises three phases: an analysis of the problem of HIV/AIDS using an applied research approach, a participatory diagnosis of the actual situation of risk groups in order to make decisions to construct a health prevention discourse adapted to the contextual reality and, finally, the coordinated promotion of educational actions for development. The consolidation of this inter-institutional alliance, which acts on real needs in this context, is producing substantial, tangible changes in the habits and quality of life of the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Evaluation of Dried Blood Spots Collected on Filter Papers from Three Manufacturers Stored at Ambient Temperature for Application in HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring
- Author
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Chunfu Yang, Madisa Mine, Erin K. Rottinghaus, John N. Nkengasong, Ebi Bile, Mosetsanagape Modukanele, Maruping Maruping, and R. Suzanne Beard
- Subjects
Genotype ,Molecular Sequence Data ,lcsh:Medicine ,HIV Infections ,Drug resistance ,Viral diseases ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Virology ,Drug Resistance, Viral ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Genotyping ,Molecular Biology ,Dried Blood Spot Testing ,Medicine and health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Spots ,Filter paper ,lcsh:R ,Temperature ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Viral Load ,AIDS ,Filter (video) ,Mutation ,HIV-1 ,Infectious diseases ,lcsh:Q ,Viral load ,HIV drug resistance ,Filtration ,Research Article - Abstract
As more HIV-infected people gain access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), monitoring HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) becomes essential to combat both acquired and transmitted HIVDR. Studies have demonstrated dried blood spots (DBS) are a suitable alternative in HIVDR monitoring using DBS collected on Whatman 903 (W-903). In this study, we sought to evaluate two other commercially available filter papers, Ahlstrom 226 (A-226) and Munktell TFN (M-TFN), for HIVDR genotyping following ambient temperature storage. DBS were prepared from remnant blood specimens collected from 334 ART patients and stored at ambient temperature for a median time of 30 days. HIV-1 viral load was determined using NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 v2.0 RUO test kits prior to genotyping of the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the HIV-1 pol gene using an in-house assay. Among the DBS tested, 26 specimens had a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL in all three types of filter paper and were included in the genotyping analysis. Genotyping efficiencies were similar between DBS collected on W-903 (92.3%), A-226 (88.5%), and M-TFN (92.3%) filter papers (P = 1.00). We identified 50 DR-associated mutations in DBS collected on W-903, 33 in DBS collected on A-226, and 48 in DBS collected on M-TFN, resulting in mutation detection sensitivities of 66.0% for A-226 and 88.0% for M-TFN when compared to W-903. Our data indicate that differences among filter papers may exist at this storage condition and warrant further studies evaluating filter paper type for HIVDR monitoring.
- Published
- 2014
11. Evaluation of Dried Blood Spots Collected on Filter Papers from Three Manufacturers Stored at Ambient Temperature for Application in HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring.
- Author
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Rottinghaus, Erin K., Beard, R. Suzanne, Bile, Ebi, Modukanele, Mosetsanagape, Maruping, Maruping, Mine, Madisa, Nkengasong, John, and Yang, Chunfu
- Subjects
HIV infections ,THERAPEUTICS ,DRUG resistance ,DRIED blood spot testing ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,REVERSE transcriptase - Abstract
As more HIV-infected people gain access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), monitoring HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) becomes essential to combat both acquired and transmitted HIVDR. Studies have demonstrated dried blood spots (DBS) are a suitable alternative in HIVDR monitoring using DBS collected on Whatman 903 (W-903). In this study, we sought to evaluate two other commercially available filter papers, Ahlstrom 226 (A-226) and Munktell TFN (M-TFN), for HIVDR genotyping following ambient temperature storage. DBS were prepared from remnant blood specimens collected from 334 ART patients and stored at ambient temperature for a median time of 30 days. HIV-1 viral load was determined using NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 v2.0 RUO test kits prior to genotyping of the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the HIV-1 pol gene using an in-house assay. Among the DBS tested, 26 specimens had a viral load ≥1000 copies/mL in all three types of filter paper and were included in the genotyping analysis. Genotyping efficiencies were similar between DBS collected on W-903 (92.3%), A-226 (88.5%), and M-TFN (92.3%) filter papers (P = 1.00). We identified 50 DR-associated mutations in DBS collected on W-903, 33 in DBS collected on A-226, and 48 in DBS collected on M-TFN, resulting in mutation detection sensitivities of 66.0% for A-226 and 88.0% for M-TFN when compared to W-903. Our data indicate that differences among filter papers may exist at this storage condition and warrant further studies evaluating filter paper type for HIVDR monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Duesberg's PNAS Paper
- Author
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Duesberg, Peter
- Published
- 1989
13. Does Modality of Survey Administration Impact Data Quality: Audio Computer Assisted Self Interview (ACASI) Versus Self-Administered Pen and Paper?
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Reichmann, William M., Losina, Elena, Seage, III., George R., Arbelaez, Christian, Safren, Steven A., Katz, Jeffrey N., Hetland, Adam, and Walensky, Rochelle P.
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- *
SURVEYS , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *HIV , *CLINICAL medicine research , *CLINICAL pharmacology , *MEDICAL research , *CLINICAL trials , *HTLV , *AIDS - Abstract
Background: In the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on HIV testing in the emergency department (ED) setting, we evaluated preferences for survey modality and data quality arising from each modality. Methods: Enrolled participants were offered the choice of answering a survey via audio computer assisted self-interview (ACASI) or pen and paper self-administered questionnaire (SAQ). We evaluated factors influencing choice of survey modality. We defined unusable data for a particular survey domain as answering fewer than 75% of the questions in the domain. We then compared ACASI and SAQ with respect to unusable data for domains that address sensitive topics. Results: Of 758 enrolled ED patients, 218 (29%) chose ACASI, 343 chose SAQ (45%) and 197 (26%) opted not to complete either. Results of the log-binomial regression indicated that older (RR = 1.08 per decade) and less educated participants (RR = 1.25) were more likely to choose SAQ over ACASI. ACASI yielded substantially less unusable data than SAQ. Conclusions: In the ED setting there may be a tradeoff between increased participation with SAQ versus better data quality with ACASI. Future studies of novel approaches to maximize the use of ACASI in the ED setting are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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14. Original paper Epidemiological aspects of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus in Brazil
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Eloísa A Galăo, José Maria Pereira de Godoy, Lúcia Buchalla Bagarelli, Lúcia Sílvia Aparecida Perea, and Antonio Helio Oliani
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AIDS ,lcsh:R ,HIV ,lcsh:Medicine ,vertical transmission ,pregnancy and HIV - Abstract
Introduction: The aims of the current study are to report on preliminary epidemiological data of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Material and methods: HIV tests of 4653 pregnant women from Săo José do Rio Preto, Brazil between May 1995 and May 1997 were assessed, and the following epidemiological aspects were noted: age ethnic background, number of gestations, marital status, type of delivery, and the patients’ knowledge about the disease including: forms of transmission, diseases associated with positive cases, and the difficulties in and evolution of the approach to the disease in Brazil. Statistical analysis used percentages with means and standard deviation.Results: HIV tests were positive in 48 (1.03%) of the pregnant women. The mean age was 24.3±0.6 years. 35 (72.9%) of the individuals were married and 13 (27.1%) had been pregnant one to four times previously. 52.0% knew they were HIV positive and in 23 (48.0%), diagnoses was made during the consultations for this pregnancy. In 25 (52.0%) the form of transmission was unknown; events and gravid diseases occurred in 4 (31.2%) cases. In 38 (79.2%) cases delivery occurred before the 36th week of gestation, with delivery being vaginal in 38 (79.2%) cases, and there were puerperal complications in 8 (16.7%).Conclusions: The routine examination to test for HIV during pregnancy allows the identification of women who are unaware of infection by the virus and performance of medicinal prevention for these pregnant.
- Published
- 2007
15. Modelling HIV/AIDS epidemiological complexity: A scoping review of Agent-Based Models and their application.
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Anderle, Rodrigo Volmir, de Oliveira, Robson Bruniera, Rubio, Felipe Alves, Macinko, James, Dourado, Ines, and Rasella, Davide
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HIV ,AIDS ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Objective: To end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, despite the increasing poverty and inequalities, policies should be designed to deal with population heterogeneity and environmental changes. Bottom-up designs, such as the Agent-Based Model (ABM), can model these features, dealing with such complexity. HIV/AIDS has a complex dynamic of structural factors, risk behaviors, biomedical characteristics and interventions. All embedded in unequal, stigmatized and heterogeneous social structure. To understand how ABMs can model this complexity, we performed a scoping review of HIV applications, highlighting their potentialities. Methods: We searched on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus repositories following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Our inclusion criteria were HIV/AIDS studies with an ABM application. We identified the main articles using a local co-citation analysis and categorized the overall literature aims, (sub)populations, regions, and if the papers declared the use of ODD protocol and limitations. Results: We found 154 articles. We identified eleven main papers, and discussed them using the overall category results. Most studies model Transmission Dynamics (37/154), about Men who have sex with Men (MSM) (41/154), or individuals living in the US or South Africa (84/154). Recent studies applied ABM to model PrEP interventions (17/154) and Racial Disparities (12/154). Only six papers declared the use of ODD Protocol (6/154), and 34/154 didn't mention the study limitations. Conclusions: While ABM is among the most sophisticated techniques available to model HIV/AIDS complexity. Their applications are still restricted to some realities. However, researchers are challenged to think about social structure due model characteristics, the inclusion of these features is still restricted to case-specific. Data and computational power availability can enhance this feature providing insightful results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Pattern and determinants of HIV research productivity in sub-Saharan Africa: bibliometric analysis of 1981 to 2009 PubMed papers.
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Uthman, Olalekan A.
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- *
AIDS , *MEDICAL research , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Several bibliometric studies have been published on AIDS. The findings obtained from these studies have provided a general picture of the history and growth of AIDS literature. However, factors related to variation in HIV research productivity in sub-Saharan Africa have not been examined. Therefore, this study aims to fill some of the gap in existing research to provide insights into factors associated with HIV research productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A bibliometric analysis regarding sub-Saharan Africa HIV/AIDS research was conducted in the PubMed database for the period of 1981 to 2009. The numbers of HIV research articles indexed in PubMed was used as surrogate for total HIV research productivity. Series of univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to explore factors associated with variation in HIV research productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Results: First authors from South Africa, Uganda and Kenya contributed almost half of the total number of HIV articles indexed in PubMed between 1981 and 2009. Uganda, Zimbabwe and Malawi had better records when the total production was adjusted for gross domestic product (GDP). Comoros, the Gambia and Guinea-Bissau were the most productive countries when the total products were normalized by number of people with HIV. There were strong positive and statistically significant correlation between countries number of indexed journal (Pearson correlation r = 0.77, p = .001), number of higher institutions (r = 0.60, p = .001), number of physicians (r = 0.83, p = .001) and absolute numbers of HIV articles. Conclusions: HIV research productivity in Africa is highly skewed. To increase HIV research output, total expenditure on health (% of GDP), private expenditure on health, and adult literacy rate may be important factors to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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17. A Novel Global-Local Feature Aggregation Framework for Semantic Segmentation of Large-Format High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images.
- Author
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Wang, Shanshan, Zuo, Zhiqi, Yan, Shuhao, Zeng, Weimin, and Pang, Shiyan
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OPTICAL remote sensing ,REMOTE sensing ,IMAGE segmentation ,OPTICAL images ,AIDS - Abstract
In high-resolution remote sensing images, there are areas with weak textures such as large building roofs, which occupy a large number of pixels in the image. These areas pose a challenge for traditional semantic segmentation networks to obtain ideal results. Common strategies like downsampling, patch cropping, and cascade models often sacrifice fine details or global context, resulting in limited accuracy. To address these issues, a novel semantic segmentation framework has been designed specifically for large-format high-resolution remote sensing images by aggregating global and local features in this paper. The framework consists of two branches: one branch deals with low-resolution downsampled images to capture global features, while the other branch focuses on cropped patches to extract high-resolution local details. Also, this paper introduces a feature aggregation module based on the Transformer structure, which effectively aggregates global and local information. Additionally, to save GPU memory usage, a novel three-step training method has been developed. Extensive experiments on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, with an IoU of 90.83% on the AIDS dataset and 90.30% on the WBDS dataset, surpassing state-of-the-art methods such as DANet, DeepLab v3+, U-Net, ViT, TransUNet, CMTFNet, and UANet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Pandemics of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Analysis of HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus (COVID-19).
- Author
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Kajiita, Robert Mutemi and Kang'ethe, Simon Murote
- Subjects
PANDEMICS ,CORONAVIRUSES ,AIDS ,LITERATURE reviews ,ETIOLOGY of diseases ,CORONAVIRUS diseases - Abstract
Historically, humanity has suffered and endured deadly pandemics of varying mortality rates. Irrefutably, research shows that the outbreak of pandemics is flooded by mythical and fallacious information among the public, hence stifling the prevention, treatment, and management of diseases. This paper focused on comparing selected aspects of the two pandemics, that is, HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus. This comparative analysis is important for drawing informative lessons for effective response and management of pandemics in the future. Through a literature review analysis, the paper established that both pandemics have more similarities than distinctions. The etiology and epidemiology of the diseases assume a similar cascading trajectory; the public health information about the diseases is characterized by myths, conspiracy theories, illusions, and delusions from the public. The myths associated with pandemics prevail around causation, disease transmission, and cure. The pandemics present economic paradoxes, though arguably the negatives outdo the positives. There is a need for the governments and international health custodians to be richly prepared for the pandemics in the future. This implies having special budgetary allocations for possible pandemic outbreaks, investing in vaccine development and disease surveillance, and training and skilling personnel in all social-health-related sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Sticking a Needle into Science: The Case of Polio Vaccines and the Origin of AIDS
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Martin, Brian
- Published
- 1996
20. Navigating grey areas in HIV and mental health implementation science.
- Author
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Harkness, Audrey, Giusto, Ali, Hamilton, Alison B., Hernandez‐Ramirez, Raul U., Spiegelman, Donna, Weiner, Bryan J., Beidas, Rinad S., Larson, Michaela E., Lippman, Sheri A., Wainberg, Milton L., and Smith, Justin D.
- Subjects
MALIGNANT hyperthermia ,HIV ,HIV infection transmission ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,AIDS - Abstract
Introduction: Implementation science (IS) offers methods to systematically achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals in the United States, as well as the global UNAIDS targets. Federal funders such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) have invested in implementation research to achieve these goals, including supporting the AIDS Research Centres (ARCs), which focus on high‐impact science in HIV and mental health (MH). To facilitate capacity building for the HIV/MH research workforce in IS, "grey areas," or areas of IS that are confusing, particularly for new investigators, should be addressed in the context of HIV/MH research. Discussion: A group of IS experts affiliated with NIMH‐funded ARCs convened to identify common and challenging grey areas. The group generated a preliminary list of 19 grey areas in HIV/MH‐related IS. From the list, the authors developed a survey which was distributed to all ARCs to prioritize grey areas to address in this paper. ARC members across the United States (N = 60) identified priority grey areas requiring clarification. This commentary discusses topics with 40% or more endorsement. The top grey areas that ARC members identified were: (1) Differentiating implementation strategies from interventions; (2) Determining when an intervention has sufficient evidence for adaptation; (3) Integrating recipient perspectives into HIV/MH implementation research; (4) Evaluating whether an implementation strategy is evidence‐based; (5) Identifying rigorous approaches for evaluating the impact of implementation strategies in the absence of a control group or randomization; and (6) Addressing innovation in HIV/MH IS grants. The commentary addresses each grey area by drawing from the existing literature (when available), providing expert guidance on addressing each in the context of HIV/MH research, and providing domestic and global HIV and HIV/MH case examples that address these grey areas. Conclusions: HIV/MH IS is key to achieving domestic and international goals for ending HIV transmission and mitigating its impact. Guidance offered in this paper can help to overcome challenges to rigorous and high‐impact HIV/MH implementation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS: a bibliometric analysis (GAPRESEARCH).
- Author
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Bach Xuan-Tran, Latkin, Carl A., Hai Thanh-Phan, Thi-Nguyen, Huong L., Chi Linh-Hoang, Ho, Cyrus S. H., and Ho, Roger C. M.
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SMOKING cessation ,AIDS ,EXPLORATORY factor analysis - Abstract
Tobacco smoking undermines the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and potentially associates with other health problems. This study aimed to analyze the growth and content of research on smoking among PLWHA on Web of Science Database. Co-occurrence analysis and Jaccard's' similarity index calculation were performed to identify and visualize networks of countries collaboration, keywords co-occurrence, and research topics. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the abstracts' contents to uncover research domains and landscapes. The number of publications increased by 14.55% annually in the period of 1991-2017, with 74% of total papers published within 2007-2017. A wide range of topics have been covered, notably co-morbidities, interventions on smoking abstinence and cessation, and the enforcing relationship of smoking cessation with antiretroviral treatment adherence. A shortage of studies on smoking among PLWHA in low-and middle-income countries, limited collaborations between countries outside of close geographical proximity and a lack of discussion on local contexts and psychosocial factors were found. Smoking among PLWHA has been being studied more extensively in recent years, enhancing our knowledge and awareness of the significant and specific effects smoking have on PLWHA, which, in turn, assisting the proposals and implementations of suitable solutions. However, more efforts should be made to examine and understand contextualized aspects, including culture and beliefs specific to each nation or smaller sub-population within a country, especially those currently under-researched, as well as psycho-behavioral factors to implement more effective interventions to reduce smoking among PLWHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Changing of the Guard
- Author
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Cohen, Jon
- Published
- 1996
23. Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021.
- Author
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Tham Thi Nguyen, Hien Thu Nguyen, Huyen Phuc Do, Cyrus SH Ho, and Roger CM Ho
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,HIV infections ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,SERIAL publications ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITY of life ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,POLICY sciences ,CONTENT analysis ,HIV ,AIDS ,MEDICAL research ,DATA mining - Abstract
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Debating the Top HIV/AIDS Research Papers with Dr. Raphael Landovitz.
- Subjects
- *
AIDS , *HIV - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evolution of Interdisciplinary Landscapes of HIV/AIDS Studies from 1983 to 2017: Results from the Global Analysis for Policy in Research (GAPRESEARCH).
- Author
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Tran, Bach X., Wong, Frank Y., Huy-Pham, Kiet T., Latkin, Carl A., Giang Hai-Ha, Giang Thu-Vu, Ho, Cyrus S. H., and Ho, Roger C. M.
- Subjects
GLOBAL analysis (Mathematics) ,AIDS ,POLICY analysis ,EXPLORATORY factor analysis ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
In recent years, there have been numerous calls by researchers to adopt multi-disciplinary and international perspectives to address the HIV pandemic. Meaningful and prudent public health policy should be based on sound empirical data and research. Henceforth, our study aims to contribute to the current literature by conducting a comprehensive global mapping and determine the landscapes of HIV/AIDS research covering the years between 1983 and 2017. Bibliometric and content analysis was used to describe trends in research productivity, usages, research collaborations, and clusters of research topics. Exploratory factor analysis, Jaccard's similarity index, and Ward dendrogram were applied to abstracts' contents to determine the development of interdisciplinary research landscapes. The United States of America continues to lead in research production and be main hub for author- and countrylevel collaborations. Research employing an epidemiological, social, and/or behavioral perspective for studying HIV/AIDS was found to dwarf in the presence of basic and biomedical HIV research. Interdisciplinary approaches to HIV research have been increasing with the creation of various research landscapes: strong constructs of studies examining health status, clinical responses, and HIV treatment, risk behaviors have been formed, while research topics relating to psycho-behavioral and cultural aspects as well as services have emerged along. To effectively prevent and control the disease, more researches are needed to provide culturally relevant and/or contextualized evidence of effective inter pracventions. It is also necessary to enhance the ability and partnership of local researchers as well as invest in research infrastructure at national and regional levels to implement high-quality studies since they are the "gate-keepers" who could respond to local changes in a timely manner. These types of research could be a helpful guide for international donors, governments, and academicians to set up research priorities in target groups and settings, and to develop future research agendas globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The level of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among orphan children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Kamau, Stanley Githaiga, Akatusasira, Rita, Namatovu, Angella, Kibet, Emmanuel, Ssekitto, Joseph Mayanja, Mamun, Mohammed A., and Kaggwa, Mark Mohan
- Subjects
ORPHANS ,HIV-positive teenagers ,AIDS ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,CAREGIVERS ,SINGLE parents - Abstract
Background: Many children and adolescents living with HIV have ended up as orphans. Due to HIV taking away their parents leaves them deprived of their most important social network and support, which predisposes them to poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Various studies have shown poor adherence to ART among orphaned children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, aims to determine the level of ART adherence among orphaned children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: This PROSPERO registered review (CRD42022352867) included studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa Journal Online, and selected HIV/AIDS journals from data inception to June 01, 2022. We included articles published in all languages that report the prevalence of adherence to ART among children and adolescent orphans (single parent orphans and/or double orphans) living with HIV/AIDS. We excluded qualitative studies, case studies, opinion papers, and letters to editors. We used the random-effect model to calculate the pooled prevalence of ART adherence based on the highest prevalence provided by the various methods in a particular study. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal tool for the prevalence study to evaluate for risk of bias in the included studies. The Egger's test was used to assess small study effects. Results: Out of 1087 publications identified from the various databases, six met the selection criteria. The included six studies had a total 2013 orphans living with HIV/AIDS. The pooled prevalence of ART adherence was 78∙0% (95% Confidence Interval: 67.4–87.7; I
2 = 82.92%, p<0∙001) and ranged between 7∙6% and >95%, using one of the following methods: pill count, caregiver's self-report, clinical attendance, and nevirapine plasma levels (above three μg/mL). The factors associated with adherence were pill burden, caregiver involvement, stunting, and caregiver relationship. Limitation: There was a high level of heterogeneity in the finding. Conclusion: Approximately four fifth of orphan children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS adhere to ART. Strategies to improve adherence among this group should be prioritized, especially among the double orphaned children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. HIV/AIDS and Rural Food Security in Africa: Discussion
- Author
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Frayne, Bruce
- Published
- 2006
28. The emergence and evolution of the research fronts in HIV/AIDS research.
- Author
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Fajardo-Ortiz, David, Lopez-Cervantes, Malaquias, Duran, Luis, Dumontier, Michel, Lara, Miguel, Ochoa, Hector, and Castano, Victor M.
- Subjects
PARADIGM (Linguistics) ,HIV ,AIDS research ,DOCUMENT clustering ,COMMUNICABLE disease epidemiology ,MOLECULAR structure - Abstract
In this paper, we have identified and analyzed the emergence, structure and dynamics of the paradigmatic research fronts that established the fundamentals of the biomedical knowledge on HIV/AIDS. A search of papers with the identifiers "HIV/AIDS", "Human Immunodeficiency Virus", “HIV-1” and "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" in the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), was carried out. A citation network of those papers was constructed. Then, a sub-network of the papers with the highest number of inter-citations (with a minimal in-degree of 28) was selected to perform a combination of network clustering and text mining to identify the paradigmatic research fronts and analyze their dynamics. Thirteen research fronts were identified in this sub-network. The biggest and oldest front is related to the clinical knowledge on the disease in the patient. Nine of the fronts are related to the study of specific molecular structures and mechanisms and two of these fronts are related to the development of drugs. The rest of the fronts are related to the study of the disease at the cellular level. Interestingly, the emergence of these fronts occurred in successive "waves" over the time which suggest a transition in the paradigmatic focus. The emergence and evolution of the biomedical fronts in HIV/AIDS research is explained not just by the partition of the problem in elements and interactions leading to increasingly specialized communities, but also by changes in the technological context of this health problem and the dramatic changes in the epidemiological reality of HIV/AIDS that occurred between 1993 and 1995. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Queer and Bookish
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Edwards, Jason
- Subjects
AIDS ,book art ,Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick ,literary studies ,pandas ,photography ,queer studies ,bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSK Gay & Lesbian studies ,bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WF Handicrafts, decorative arts & crafts::WFT Book & paper crafts - Abstract
Queer and Bookish: Eve Kosofksy Sedgwick as Book Artist represents the first book-length study to explore the intersections of Sedgwick’s critical writing, poetry, and, most importantly, book art, making the case that her art criticism, especially her meditations on domestic and nineteenth-century photography, and “artist’s book” projects are as formally complex and brilliant, conceptually significant and life-changing, as her literary criticism and theory. In addition, the book represents a significant intervention into recent debates about reparative reading, surface reading, and the descriptive turn across the humanities, because of its sustained, positive accounts on Sedgwick’s books as visual, textural, and material objects. The book ranges across Sedgwick’s published output, from The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1980) to the posthumously published The Weather in Proust (2011), and features her meditations on a wide variety of art-historical topoi, including Judith Scott’s queer/crip fiber art; the anality of Polykleitos’s Doryphorus; queer Modernist typography; Piranesi’s punitive space; Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell’s queer holy family; Manet’s frontality and thalassic aesthetics; fat and thin aesthetics of various stripes; and the queer photography of Anna Atkins, Clementina Hawarden, and Julia Margaret Cameron; Baron De Mayer, Eugene Atget, and P.H. Emerson; as well as David Hockney, Ken Brown, and her own father, a NASA lunar photographer. The book climaxes with two chapter-length explorations of Sedgwick’s own late-life book-art practice: her panda Valentine alphabet cards (c. 1996) and her Last Days of Pompeii/Cavafy unique artist’s book (c. 2007).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. OMERACT Development of a Core Domain Set of Outcomes for Shared Decision-making Interventions
- Author
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Karine Toupin-April, Jennifer L. Barton, Liana Fraenkel, Alexa Meara, Linda C. Li, Peter Brooks, Maarten de Wit, Dawn Stacey, France Légaré, Beverley Shea, Anne Lyddiatt, Cathie Hofstetter, Robin Christensen, Marieke Scholte Voshaar, Maria E. Suarez-Almazor, Annelies Boonen, Tanya Meade, Lyn March, Janet Elizabeth Jull, Willemina Campbell, Rieke Alten, Suvi Karuranga, Esi M. Morgan, Ayano Kelly, Jessica Kaufman, Sophie Hill, Lara J. Maxwell, Dorcas Beaton, Yasser El-Miedany, Shikha Mittoo, Susan J. Bartlett, Jasvinder A. Singh, Peter S. Tugwell, Psychology, Health & Technology, Interne Geneeskunde, MUMC+: MA Reumatologie (9), and RS: CAPHRI - R3 - Functioning, Participating and Rehabilitation
- Subjects
RHEUMATIC DISEASES ,Consensus ,Delphi Technique ,Immunology ,Delphi method ,Psychological intervention ,Outcome (game theory) ,Article ,Domain (software engineering) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,White paper ,Rheumatology ,Stakeholder Participation ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Health care ,MANAGEMENT ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Set (psychology) ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Medical education ,OUTCOMES ,business.industry ,OMERACT ,n/a OA procedure ,RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS ,AIDS ,Core (game theory) ,EULAR RECOMMENDATIONS ,TRIALS ,business ,Decision Making, Shared - Abstract
Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Shared Decision Making (SDM) Working Group aims to determine the core outcome domain set for measuring the effectiveness of SDM interventions in rheumatology trials.Methods.A white paper was developed to clarify the draft core domain set. It was then used to prepare for interviews to investigate reasons for lack of consensus on it and to suggest further improvements.Results.OMERACT scientists/clinicians (n = 13) and patients (n = 10) suggested limiting the core domain set to outcome domains, removing process domains, and clarifying remaining domains.Conclusion.A revised core domain set will undergo further consensus-building.
- Published
- 2019
31. Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021.
- Author
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Nguyen, Tham Thi, Nguyen, Hien Thu, Do, Huyen Phuc, Ho, Cyrus SH, and Ho, Roger CM
- Subjects
HIV infections ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,ELECTRONIC publications ,HIV ,AIDS ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Similarities and differences between HIV and SARS-CoV-2
- Author
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Francisco Illanes-Álvarez, Mercedes Márquez-Coello, José-Antonio Girón-González, Sara Cuesta-Sancho, Denisse Márquez-Ruiz, Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, and Medicina
- Subjects
Neutrophils ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Population ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,pandemics ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Extracellular Traps ,History, 21st Century ,Global Burden of Disease ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Mortality ,education ,education.field_of_study ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Transmission (medicine) ,COVID-19 ,HIV ,Fear ,General Medicine ,History, 20th Century ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,AIDS ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,Cytokines ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Inflammation Mediators ,Research Paper - Abstract
In the last 50 years we have experienced two big pandemics, the HIV pandemic and the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Both pandemics are caused by RNA viruses and have reached us from animals. These two viruses are different in the transmission mode and in the symptoms they generate. However, they have important similarities: the fear in the population, increase in proinflammatory cytokines that generate intestinal microbiota modifications or NETosis production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, among others. They have been implicated in the clinical, prognostic and therapeutic attitudes.
- Published
- 2021
33. Investigating the articles on HIV/AIDS from Turkey with bibliometric methods.
- Author
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Alkan, Sevil and Şahinoğlu, Mustafa Serhat
- Subjects
SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL sciences ,HIV ,CITATION analysis ,AUTHORSHIP ,MEDICAL research ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,AIDS - Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine the volume and extent of general human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research in Turkey as well as the coverage of national HIV/AIDS research agenda. Material and methods: Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection advanced search engine was applied to conduct bibliometric search. "HIV or AIDS or HIV/AIDS or Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV-1 or HIV-2 or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" and "Turkey" were used as search key words. In addition, the study included "Language = English", "Document area = medicine" and "Document type = Article". We also selected science citation index expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) and social sciences citation index (SSCI) as Web of Science indexes. The data in WoS improved all information on publications, including fields of study, institutions, group authors, funding agencies, journals, citations, and co-authorship. Results: In total, 313 articles were found. The first document was published in 1996, and 310 (99%) papers were published in the last 20 years. The documents were mostly (62.300%) published in science citation index expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) indexed journals. Most of the publications were from medicine general internal (33.866%) area. The top-ranked affiliations from Turkey in HIV/AIDS research were Istanbul University (19.169%), Ege University (10.863%), University of Health Sciences (9.265%), and Hacettepe University (8.626%). ACTHIV-IST (ACTion against HIV in Istanbul) study group (n = 3, 0.958) was Turkey's most productive HIV/AIDS research group. 87.220% of the studies were not funded. Conclusions: According to the findings, Turkey has limited HIV/AIDS research output. Furthermore, the majority of investigations were conducted by only a few centers. Because the study covered the entire country, and there are more centers that follow HIV/AIDS patients, these centers should also take part in the research. As a result, the current study emphasizes the importance of increasing targeted financing for HIV/AIDS research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Global Mapping of Interventions to Improve the Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS: Implications for Priority Settings.
- Author
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Tran, Bach X., Vu, Giang T., Ha, Giang H., Phan, Hai T., Latkin, Carl A., S. H.-Ho, Cyrus, and C. M.-Ho, Roger
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons ,AIDS ,AIDS patients ,QUALITY of life ,BEHAVIOR therapy - Abstract
Enhancing the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) has become a significant global health goal, as combination antiretroviral therapy has helped to transform HIV/AIDS from a fatal illness to chronic disease. In this study, we aim to comprehensively describe the growth of research publications and the development of research landscapes regarding interventions to improve QOL among PLWH, as well as to characterize interdisciplinary topics and emerging interests of the research community. English articles and reviews published from 1991 to 2018 concerning interventions to improve QOL among PLWHA were retrieved from the Web of Science. Collaboration among organizations sharing coauthorships and co-occurrence network of authors' keywords was illustrated through network graphs. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying papers into corresponding topics. A total of 2304 publications were included in the study. The USA continues to lead in research productivity, followed by South Africa, China, and India. Emerging research themes were found to be the application of multilevel interventions and long-term care, rehabilitation, along with topics relating to mental health issues, behavioral therapy and social supports for patients receiving treatments, and application of e-health approaches in designing and implementing interventions. There has been, however, a modest appearance of topics covering local, cultural, and environmental contexts of interventions. The findings of the study suggest expanding the coverage of psychosocial, behavioral, and contextualized interventions, increasing the involvement of family and community, improving the effectiveness of technology-based and e-health interventions, and developing strategies for lifelong treatment of HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. HIV and the workplace : Organisational consequences of hiring persons with HIV and attitudes towards disclosure of HIV‐related information
- Author
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Lim, Vivien K.G. and Leng Loo, Geok
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Optimal control strategies on HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection with mathematical modelling approach.
- Author
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Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, Terefe, Birhanu Baye, Mamo, Dejen Ketema, and Abebaw, Yohannes Fissha
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ORDINARY differential equations ,AIDS ,MIXED infections ,HIV ,VACCINATION - Abstract
In this paper, a compartmental model on the co-infection of pneumonia and HIV/AIDS with optimal control strategies was formulated using the system of ordinary differential equations. Using qualitative methods, we have analysed the mono-infection and HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection models. We have computed effective reproduction numbers by applying the next-generation matrix method, applying Castillo Chavez criteria the models disease-free equilibrium points global stabilities were shown, while we have used the Centre manifold criteria to determine that the pneumonia infection and pneumonia and HIV/AIDS co-infection exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever the corresponding effective reproduction number is less than unity. We carried out the numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of the co-infection model solutions. Furthermore,wehave investigated various optimal control strategies to predict the best control strategy to minimize and possibly to eradicate the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection from the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Elsevier to Editor: Change Controversial Journal or Resign
- Author
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Enserink, Martin
- Published
- 2010
38. Three-Dimensional Array-Based Group Testing Algorithms
- Author
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Kim, Hae-Young and Hudgens, Michael G.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Rafael Luis Ramírez, 1935-2009: Bibliografía
- Author
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Figueroa, Almaluces and Romero, Carmen G.
- Published
- 2009
40. Development and emerging trends of drug resistance mutations in HIV: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace.
- Author
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Xuannan Chen, Xi Chen, and Yu Lai
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,DRUG resistance ,PATIENT compliance ,ANTI-HIV agents ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral therapy has led to AIDS being a chronic disease. Nevertheless, the presence of constantly emerging drug resistance mutations poses a challenge to clinical treatment. A systematic analysis to summarize the advancements and uncharted territory of drug resistance mutations is urgently needed and may provide new clues for solving this problem. Methods: We gathered 3,694 publications on drug resistance mutations from the Web of Science Core Collection with CiteSpace software and performed an analysis to visualize the results and predict future new directions and emerging trends. Betweenness centrality, count, and burst value were taken as standards. Results: The number of papers on HIV medication resistance mutations during the last 10 years shows a wave-like trend. In terms of nation, organization, and author, the United States (1449), University of London (193), and Mark A. Wainberg (66) are the most significant contributors. The most frequently cited article is "Drug resistance mutations for surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance: 2009 update." Hot topics in this field include "next-generation sequencing," "tenofovir alafenamide," "children," "regimens," "accumulation," "dolutegravir," "rilpivirine," "sex," "pretreatment drug resistance," and "open label." Research on drug resistance in teenagers, novel mutation detection techniques, and drug development is ongoing, and numerous publications have indicated the presence of mutations related to current medications. Therefore, testing must be performed regularly for patients who have used medications for a long period. Additionally, by choosing medications with a longer half-life, patients can take fewer doses of their prescription, increasing patient compliance. Conclusion: This study involved a bibliometric visualization analysis of the literature on drug resistance mutations, providing insight into the field's evolution and emerging patterns and offering academics a resource to better understand HIV drug resistance mutations and contribute to the field's advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Where Have All the Dollars Gone?
- Author
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Cohen, Jon
- Published
- 2008
42. African mining, gender, and local employment
- Author
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Andreas Kotsadam and Anja Tolonen
- Subjects
SOCIAL SCIENCE ,Geography, Planning and Development ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,CHILD HEALTH ,PRESENT ANALYSES ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,PRODUCTIVITY GAP ,JOB ,JOB OPPORTUNITIES ,Economics ,GENDER DISPARITIES ,EMPLOYMENT ,SEX TRADE ,050207 economics ,SPILLOVER ,PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY ,POPULATION ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,MIGRANTS ,education.field_of_study ,PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT ,PLACE OF RESIDENCE ,RULE OF LAW ,CIVIL WAR ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,URBANIZATION ,JOBS ,LABOUR MARKET ,MOTHER ,CHILD SURVIVAL ,OCCUPATION ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,WAR ,LABOR COSTS ,SERVICE SECTOR ,LABOR SUPPLY ,EMPLOYMENT INCREASES ,LIVING STANDARDS ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,SOCIAL ISSUES ,Development ,WORKER ,DEMOCRACY ,SEXUAL RISK ,ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ,NUMBER OF WORKERS ,POLLUTION ,0502 economics and business ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,MARRIED WOMEN ,education ,Tertiary sector of the economy ,PROGRESS ,LABOR MARKET ,CONDOM ,RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ,NATURAL RESOURCE ,SOCIAL RESEARCH ,MORTALITY ,MANUAL LABOR ,INTERCOURSE ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,WARS ,Industrialisation ,EARNING ,RESOLUTION ,NUMBER OF WOMEN ,WORK FORCE ,RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,SEXUAL PARTNERS ,INFANT ,ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT ,Labour economics ,BARGAINING POWER ,Sociology and Political Science ,CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA ,050204 development studies ,GENDER NORMS ,INFANT MORTALITY ,FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,Standard of living ,SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ,ELECTRICIANS ,LOCAL COMMUNITY ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,LOCAL LABOR MARKETS ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,Economic inequality ,WAGE RATES ,YOUNG WOMEN ,EMPLOYMENT INCREASE ,CITIZENS ,DISPLACEMENT ,PREVIOUS RESULTS ,MARRIAGE ,CONDOM USE ,CLUSTER LEVEL ,LABORERS ,WOMAN ,05 social sciences ,POLICIES ,Artisanal mining ,EMPLOYMENT RATE ,POLICY ,MALE PARTNERS ,AIDS ,SEXUAL INTERCOURSE ,GENDER INEQUALITY ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,SOCIAL CONCERNS ,SEX ,EMPLOYEES ,RESPECT ,Economics and Econometrics ,OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ,MIGRATION ,Population ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,EMPLOYMENT LEVELS ,Human capital ,POLICY RESEARCH ,CHILD CARE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,SERVICE EMPLOYMENT ,FEMALE LABOR ,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Rural Development Knowledge&Information Systems,Population Policies ,MANAGEMENT ,KNOWLEDGE ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN ,MARITAL STATUS ,GENDER EQUALITY ,business.industry ,SUBSISTENCE FARMING ,HIV ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,LABOR FORCE ,Local community ,TRANSPORTATION ,POPULATION DENSITY ,HUSBANDS ,business ,FEWER WOMEN ,ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS - Abstract
It is a contentious issue whether large scale mining creates local employment, and the sector has been accused of hurting women’s labor supply and economic opportunities. This paper uses the rapid expansion of mining in Sub-Saharan Africa to analyze local structural shifts. It matches 109 openings and 84 closings of industrial mines to survey data for 800,000 individuals and exploits the spatial-temporal variation. With mine opening, women living within 20 km of a mine switch from self-employment in agriculture to working in services or they leave the work force. Men switch from agriculture to skilled manual labor. Effects are stronger in years of high world prices. Mining creates local boom-bust economies in Africa, with permanent effects on women’s labor market participation.
- Published
- 2020
43. A Culturally Adapted SMS Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among African Americans: Protocol for a Single-Arm Trial
- Author
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John Kua, Verna Gant, Clint Cushman, Maulika Kohli, David J. Moore, Elizabeth C Pasipanodya, Vanessa Serrano, Rogelio Garcia, Sarah Rojas, Jessica L. Montoya, María J. Marquine, and Martin Hoenigl
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Sciences ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Psychological intervention ,Ethnic group ,R858-859.7 ,030312 virology ,No Poverty ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Randomized controlled trial ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Informed consent ,law ,Clinical Research ,Intervention (counseling) ,short message service ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,mHealth ,Response rate (survey) ,0303 health sciences ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,behavior modification ,Prevention ,HIV ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Family medicine ,medication adherence ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,Medicine ,Patient Safety ,Management of diseases and conditions ,business - Abstract
Background African Americans are disproportionally affected by HIV and have poorer rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence compared to other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. Factors associated with poor HIV disease outcomes are commonly associated with sociostructural barriers that prevent engagement with and retention in HIV care. SMS text messaging interventions to promote ART adherence among predominantly non-Hispanic White persons with HIV (PWH) have been shown to be efficacious; however, limited research has been devoted to culturally tailoring interventions for underrepresented racial/ethnic groups. Considering African Americans show poorer engagement along the HIV care continuum, we developed an individualized and culturally tailored two-way SMS text messaging intervention to improve ART adherence and associated virologic suppression among African American PWH. Objective In this paper we describe the protocol of a culturally tailored individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB) intervention in a 24- to 48-week, single-arm study. Methods We developed a culturally tailored iTAB intervention, which we are implementing in a 24- to 48-week, single-arm study. Participants were recruited from the Family Health Centers of San Diego (FHCSD), a federally qualified health center. Patient inclusion criteria were (1) receiving care at the FHCSD, (2) living with HIV, (3) self-identification as Black, African American, or of African ancestry, (4) English speaking, (5) age 18 or older, (6) currently on ART, and (7) able to provide informed consent. Study enrollment began in November 2017 and closed in July 2019. A total of 90 participants from the FHCSD enrolled in the iTAB intervention, and we anticipate completing data collection in July 2020. Participants were assisted in individualizing and customizing their SMS text message preferences at the baseline study visit. Self-assessment measures are collected at baseline, interim, and final study visits. Problems related to sending/receiving SMS text messages and barriers to ART adherence are assessed at each interim study visit. The FHCSD staff monitors and tracks participants’ daily SMS text message responses to ART adherence reminders using a clinical dashboard. Results We hypothesize that the proportion of individuals achieving HIV virologic suppression (viral load Conclusions The iTAB intervention is a novel individualized two-way SMS text messaging intervention that has been culturally tailored for use among African Americans with HIV. We anticipate that iTAB will demonstrate efficacy in future randomized control trials and will be supportive of medication adherence among other populations facing health disparities. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21592
- Published
- 2020
44. AIDS-related deaths in Turkey between 2009 and 2018
- Author
-
Ayşe Gülsen Teker
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Turkey ,Turkish ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Risk groups ,Sex Factors ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,death ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Cause of death ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,HIV ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,language.human_language ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Death registration ,language ,Female ,epidemiology ,business ,Reporting system ,Demography - Abstract
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is increasing day by day in the region, including Turkey. The study aimed to examine AIDS-related deaths in Turkey between 2009 and 2018 according to the national death registration system records. In this descriptive study, data on AIDS-related deaths were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The data consist of the cause of death codes, year of death, age and gender. Findings were presented using numbers and percentages. Seven hundred twenty-one AIDS-related deaths were reported in Turkey between 2009 and 2018. AIDS-related deaths in Turkey increased more than twice at the end of 10 years. The male/female death ratio is 4.5. Deaths under the age of 15 were 4.2% in total; however, they were increased to 10.2% in 2018. AIDS-related deaths are decreasing in the world but increasing in Turkey. The data from the Ministry of Health do not match the data of the national death registration system. Establishing a strong and accurate HIV/AIDS reporting system and identifying the causes and risk groups of this increase in AIDS-related deaths are critical.
- Published
- 2021
45. Stability of human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in flter paper-spotted serum.
- Author
-
Kamble, Ravindra R., Shinde, Vidyagourie S., Madhale, Severina P., and Jadhav, Rupendra S.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,AIDS - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a major global health concern.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Is AIDS an epidemic form of African Kaposi's sarcoma?: discussion paper.
- Author
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Weber, Jonathan
- Subjects
KAPOSI'S sarcoma ,AIDS complications ,AIDS ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,HIV infections ,SEXUAL intercourse ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
The article discusses if AIDS is an epidemic form of African Kaposi's (KS) sarcoma. The researcher stresses that it has been presumed that it is a new disease, appearing de novo in the U.S. in 1979. In this paper, the hypothesis is made that KS in Africa is a sexually-transmitted infectious disease that is disperse predominantly by male homosexual intercourse, and that the cause of AIDS is also the factor responsible for African KS, introduced into a susceptible population.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The Place of Art in Health Care, an Interdisciplinary View
- Author
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Kellman, Julia
- Published
- 2004
48. AIDS and community‐based organizations: the marketing of therapeutic discourse
- Author
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Kates, Steven M.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A summary of Special Collection 1 : Social Interactions and HIV/AIDS in Rural Africa
- Author
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Watkins, Susan C., Zulu, Eliya M., Kohler, Hans-Peter, and Behrman, Jere R.
- Published
- 2003
50. Global Stability of Fractional Order HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model under Caputo Operator and Its Computational Modeling.
- Author
-
Ahmad, Ashfaq, Ali, Rashid, Ahmad, Ijaz, Awwad, Fuad A., and Ismail, Emad A. A.
- Subjects
HIV ,AIDS ,COMPUTATIONAL neuroscience ,FIXED point theory ,ORDINARY differential equations ,DIFFERENTIAL operators ,EPIDEMICS - Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a chronic and sometimes fatal illness. HIV reduces an individual's capability against infection and illness by demolishing his or her immunity. This paper presents a new model that governs the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS by integrating new compartments, i.e., the treatment class T. The steady-state solutions of the model are investigated, and accordingly, the threshold quantity R 0 is calculated, which describes the global dynamics of the proposed model. It is proved that for R 0 less than one, the infection-free state of the model is globally asymptotically stable. However, as the threshold number increases by one, the endemic equilibrium becomes globally asymptotically stable, and in such case, the disease-free state is unstable. At the end of the paper, the analytic conclusions obtained from the analysis of the ordinary differential equation (ODE) model are supported through numerical simulations. The paper also addresses a comprehensive analysis of a fractional-order HIV model utilizing the Caputo fractional differential operator. The model's qualitative analysis is investigated, and computational modeling is used to examine the system's long-term behavior. The existence/uniqueness of the solution to the model is determined by applying some results from the fixed points of the theory. The stability results for the system are established by incorporating the Ulam–Hyers method. For numerical treatment and simulations, we apply Newton's polynomial and the Toufik–Atangana numerical method. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fractional-order approach in capturing the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and provide valuable insights for designing effective control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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