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[Excerto] The 5th International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures (SHATiS) was cele brated in Guimarães, Portugal, during September 25–28, 2019. The conference has been organized since 2011 with previous editions having taken place in Lisbon (Portugal), Trento (Italy), Wroclaw (Poland), and Istanbul (Turkey). [...], (undefined)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied on social media by an explosion of information disorders such as inaccurate, misleading and irrelevant information. Countermeasures adopted thus far to curb these informational disorders have had limited success because these did not account for the diversity of informational contexts on social media, focusing instead almost exclusively on curating the factual content of user's posts. However, content-focused measures do not address the primary causes of the infodemic itself, namely the user's need to post content as a way of making sense of the situation and for gathering reactions of consensus from friends. This paper describes three types of informational context-weak epistemic, strong normative and strong emotional-which have not yet been taken into account by current measures to curb down the informational disorders. I show how these contexts are related to the infodemic and I propose measures for dealing with them for future global crisis situations. ispartof: ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY vol:23 issue:SUPPL 1 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

Numbers of European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) in the Dutch Province of Limburg have been subject to much scrutiny and controversy. In the late nineteenth century, policymakers who considered them too numerous (and invasive) set up eradication programs. In the second half of the twentieth century, even when its domestic relative (Mesocricetus auratus) increasingly circulated as a pet in urban spaces, the numbers of European hamsters in the rural areas collapsed. Large-scale preservation campaigns and reintroduction programs ensued. According to some media, all this has turned the European hamster into the most expensive undomesticated animal of the Netherlands. A whole network of institutions became involved to save the species – ranging from local activist organizations, over zoos and universities, to federal ministries and international organizations. The interactions between the Dutch and ‘their’ hamsters, this article argues, were inscribed in various forms of biopolitics. The article highlights the changing discursive framings and spatial practices that have shaped the management ofCricetus cricetusover time and calls attention to the diversity of living and non-living agents that produced the multispecies choreographies of the present-day Limburg landscape. Finally, it alerts us to the (sometimes-paradoxical) kinds of agency that reside in the numbers of non-human animals.

The potential for artificial intelligences and robotics in achieving the capacity of consciousness, sentience and rationality offers the prospect that these agents have minds. If so, then there may be a potential for these minds to become dysfunctional, or for artificial intelligences and robots to suffer from mental illness. The existence of artificially intelligent psychopathology can be interpreted through the philosophical perspectives of mental illness. This offers new insights into what it means to have either robot or human mental disorders, but may also offer a platform on which to examine the mechanisms of biological or artificially intelligent psychiatric disease. The possibility of mental illnesses occurring in artificially intelligent individuals necessitates the consideration that at some level, they may have achieved a mental capability of consciousness, sentience and rationality such that they can subsequently become dysfunctional. The deeper philosophical understanding of these conditions in mankind and artificial intelligences might therefore offer reciprocal insights into mental health and mechanisms that may lead to the prevention of mental dysfunction.

Individual athletes, coaches and sports teams seek continuously for ways to improve performance and accomplishment in elite competition. New techniques of performance analysis are a crucial part of the drive for athletic perfection. This paper discusses the ethical importance of one aspect of the future potential of performance analysis in sport, combining the field of biomedicine, sports engineering and nanotechnology in the form of 'Nanobiosensors'. This innovative technology has the potential to revolutionise sport, enabling real time biological data to be collected from athletes that can be electronically distributed. Enabling precise real time performance analysis is not without ethical problems. Arguments concerning (1) data ownership and privacy; (2) data confidentiality; and (3) athlete welfare are presented alongside a discussion of the use of the Precautionary Principle in making ethical evaluations. We conclude, that although the future potential use of Nanobiosensors in sports analysis offers many potential benefits, there is also a fear that it could be abused at a sporting system level. Hence, it is essential for sporting bodies to consider the development of a robust ethically informed governance framework in advance of their proliferated use. ispartof: SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS vol:23 issue:6 pages:1487-1505 ispartof: location:England status: published

This paper explores the nascent problem of independent child labour migration from rural Ethiopia to the Middle East putting the issue within the broader migration discourse. While discussing the process of repatriating Ethiopian minors stranded in Yemen on their way to Saudi Arabia, the paper puts emphasis on the experiences: challenges faced and lessons learned in the process of providing emergency interim care, family tracing, reunification of minors repatriated from Yemen in 2011 under th...

Interrogating responses and reactions and the atmosphere of fear that my presence instigated, this paper critically examines human-elephant relations in Kerala amidst the bigger debates on animal rights, the emergence of elephants as a flagship species of conservation, and concerns regarding elephant captivity. The paper delves into how elephant handlers and owners reposition themselves and respond to activistic claims that portray human-elephant relations as torturous. Further, the study calls into question the strict nature-culture/wild-domesticated binaries posed by the activism discourse by probing the fuzzy naturecultures through which elephants and humans navigate their mundane lives. Moving forward, the research proposes that humans and elephants are attuned and entangled through nuanced phenomenological alignments that the normative moral frameworks on elephant captivity seem to overlook. Deploying various disciplinary and theoretical frameworks, this paper argues that incorporating the ethical turn in anthropology can yield incisive perspectives in interspecies studies. We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.

© 2022. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Archaeological textile and paper materials shed light on cultural studies in different fields. In this study, a composite textile material and 2 printed Biblical artifacts of the 19th c., found during the excavation of the Balatlar Building Complex were investigated. The building complex, also known as the Balatlar Church or Mithridates Palace, is an imperial hamam complex belonging to the Roman Period, located in the Ada Street of Sinope province in the north of Turkey. It was found that different materials such as metal yarn, paper used under embroidery, and decorative beads used on textile material were used in the textile fragment recovered from tomb VIII of the Balatlar Building Complex. The investigation concerned the fiber types and dyestuffs for textile material, paper types and dyestuffs used for biblical artifacts by using non-destructive and microa-nalysis methods for these unique heritage objects. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Optical microscope (OM), Digital Microscope (DM), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDX) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) was used. It was determined that the textile find consists of two different fabrics, the main fabric, and the lining, and the dye that gives the main fabric its red color is the root dye (Rubia tinc-torum L.). Also, Alizarin and madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) was determined as a plant source. It has been estab-lished that only the pattern threads are silk threads. HPLC-DAD chromatograms has been analyzed of paper pieces of the, written and unwritten sides, paper-board and leather sides archaeological L.(Large) Bible and S. (Small) Bible books. It was concluded that natural dyestuffs were not used in the production of the paper and leather parts of the L.Bible and S.Bible books. For the written text Iron (III)-gallic acid binary complex vibration bands were detected. Documentation and research studies conducted on 2 discovered Biblical artifacts have shown that biological degradation has oc-curred on the surface of the artifact. As a result of microscopic examination, it was found that the cover part of the L.Bible was made of cardboard and there were remnants of gray side paper. Remnants of leather-pre-pared binding were found on the surface of S.Biblical artifact.

P.F. Strawson contributed to many philosophical domains, including the philosophy of language, the history of philosophy, metaphysics, moral philosophy and philosophical methodology. Most of his contributions in these areas have influenced contemporary debates, either because his views are still defended or because they are still considered worthy of detailed responses. His views on the philosophy of logic have been only rarely discussed, however. My aim in this paper is threefold. First, I provide a systematic account of Strawson’s philosophy of logic. I argue that Strawson is an important predecessor of logical expressivism, a contemporary position in the philosophy of logic most notably defended by Robert Brandom. My main focus is on Strawson’s largely-neglected 1982 paper ‘Logical Form and Logical Constants’, which contains his most mature ideas on the topic. Second, while Strawson’s position is of historical and independent philosophical interest, I argue that he leaves many points unclear. Finally, I propose several clarifications of Strawson’s position.

The elite theory of Max Weber has recently been rediscovered by political scientists and political theorists who have sought to explore both the heuristic and the normative potential of plebiscitary leader democracy. Notwithstanding the merits of this wave of studies, this paper argues that attention should be shifted from Weber's context-specific defence of plebiscitary leadership in post-WWI Germany to his broader conception of charisma as an attempt to grasp the enigma of significant social and political change. Contemporary democratic theory, this paper contends, can fruitfully draw on Weber to sink into the antinomies and ambiguities of a transformative democratic politics., This article was funded by Academy of Finland (Grand No. 312430).

This paper presents the application of long-term environmental and structural remote monitoring in two emblematic 16th-century adobe churches located in southern Peru. The paper starts by presenting details of the planning and installation processes of the monitoring systems and continues with a detailed discussion of the results of almost two years of continuous monitoring. As expected, due to the large thermal inertia of the adobe systems and size of the buildings, the results of the environmental monitoring indicated a non-uniform distribution of temperature and relative humidity inside the buildings, and an important attenuation of the internal conditions in comparison with the external ones. On the other hand, the structural monitoring results evidenced an annual cyclical behavior of the natural frequencies with an apparent correspondence with the changes in environmental conditions due to seasonal influences. The correlation of ambient conditions and structural parameters confirmed the high affinity between relative humidity measurements and natural frequencies when hourly fluctuations were removed from the measurements. An important novelty is the affinity of structural dynamic properties and a single environmental variable, the absolute humidity, was also evidenced since high determination coefficients were obtained when it was compared with the identified natural frequencies., This work was supported by the CONCYTEC [No 222-2015-FONDECYT]; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru [DGI 349-2016]; ELARCH program [552129-EM-1-2014-1-IT-ERA MUNDUS-EMA21].

Torre Velha 12 is located in Serpa (Beja) and was excavated and directed by two of the authors (LB and SG), during an emergency intervention within the Alqueva Project. This site is characterized by negative structures filled with pottery sherds and other materials dating to the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE. The aim of this paper is to publish the study of the faunal remains dated from Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE). The faunal assemblage is small and comes from non-funerary pits and from funerary hypogea. Other than a bone artefact and an undetermined shell fragment, all of the remains integrated in the pits were classified as mammals. Sheep/goat is was frequently found while other species such as cattle and swines had lower frequencies. Fragments of cattle limbs are the only faunal remains associated with human burials and reveal a clear taxonomical and anatomical pattern that may be an indicator of a careful and structured anthropogenic behavior. The aim of this paper is to understand the social relationship between animals and the Bronze Age communities., This research received no external funding. Post-doctoral grant of Cláudia Costa is supported by ICArEHB-UID/ARQ/04211/2013-ICArEHB. Sérgio Gomes was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—grant number SFRH/BPD/100203/2014—through the Operational Human Capital Program, supported by the European Social Fund and national funds of the MCTES., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Contemporary urbanity is marked by the presence of abandonment, ruins, and voids. Over the last decades, the model of urban development in Portugal allowed a discontinuous city expansion that has left many plots and spaces empty. Due to interrupted urbanization processes, urban developments suspended in time and space have progressively degraded, constituting nowadays new forms of non-historical ruins and a significant part of the urban landscape. However, these semi constructed buildings, are not only structures made of brick and mortar, but commonly the object of several and distinct appropriations and social uses. In order to explore the socio-cultural meanings of these ruinous constructions, their social life and their material and symbolic transformation, this paper puts forward a methodology, based on systematic ethnographic observation and detailed field work. Furthermore, it applies this methodology to a case study—an unfinished project in the city of Vizela, Portugal, for which fieldwork was carried out during 2017 and 2018. The paper ends up highlighting a political challenge in planning the contemporary city, towards the need to overcome a conventional dichotomy between the usage rights of the public and private domain., This research has been sponsored by Portuguese national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P.—the Portuguese national agency for science, research and technology—under the Project PTDC/ATP-EUR/1180/2014 (NoVOID—Ruins and vacant lands in the Portuguese cities: Exploring hidden life in urban derelicts and alternative planning proposals for the perforated city)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The city of Vila Real de Santo António (VRSA) was erected after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake following a Pombaline development similar to the well-known reconstruction of Lisbon downtown. It included seismic-resistant measures at an urban and architectural level, but most original buildings have nowadays been replaced or are highly altered. A research question arises whether or not and to what extent these alterations have compromised the seismic vulnerability of the historical city center. The paper presents the seismic vulnerability assessment of the historic city center of VRSA using a newly developed method: Seismic Assessment of the Vulnerability of Vernacular Architecture Structures (SAVVAS). The method proposes a numerical tool intended to estimate the seismic capacity of vernacular buildings using qualitative and simple quantitative data that can be rapidly obtained from visual inspections. The seismic vulnerability and loss assessment consider different scenarios, including the historical condition, and studies different retrofitting strategies., The work presented in this paper was partly financed by FEDERfunds through the Competitivity and InternationalizationOperational Programme–COMPETE and by national fundsthrough FCT–Foundation for Science and Technology withinthe scope of the project POC1-01-01-0145-FEDER-007633

This research paper investigates the syntax of idiomatic expressions consisting of the verb and the object/accompanying adjunct (VP idiomatic expressions, henceforth) in two Arabic varieties: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Jordanian Arabic (JA). It shows that in order for VP idiomatic expressions to obtain their idiomatic reading, the predominate pattern of the word order in each variety (i.e., the VSO word order in MSA, but the SVO word order in JA) should be used; otherwise idiomaticity is not possible (with few exceptional cases discussed in the paper). We offer evidence that this restriction on the idiomaticity of VP idiomatic expressions in Arabic varieties follows from a proposed condition that the subject (even if it is not part of the idiomatic expression) and the verb (in addition to the object) should maintain a structurally local relation with each other in the narrow syntax, i.e. they should be included in the vP phase before the spell-out point. The paper shows that the movement of the verb to T0 in MSA and JA or lack thereof does not break idiomaticity, nor does the movement of the subject to Spec,TP in JA. These facts are taken as an indication that a distinction between narrow-syntax and post-spellout movements should be made. This provides evidence for proposals that distinguish between pre- and post-spellout movements (cf. Chomsky 2001, among others)., Arts & humanities; Linguistics; Idiomatic expressions; Arabic varieties; Word order; PF movements; The architecture of language

This paper proposes CMOS integrated 144 × 64 pixel array fingerprint sensor without a bezel electrode. In this paper, the architecture of CMOS capacitive fingerprint sensor readout circuit is presented for general type of a switched capacitive integrator scheme. The pipelined scan driver is included in the fingerprint sensor for fast image capture. It is implemented on 0.35 μm standard CMOS process technology. The operation is validated by SPECTRE for one-pixel and RTL simulation including logic synthesis for a full chip design on condition of 0.35 µm typical CMOS process and 3.3 V power. The layout is performed by full custom flow for sensor cell array and auto P&R for a full chip. The area of a full chip is 4943 μm × 3943 μm and the gate count is 542,000. The area of one-pixel is 48 × 48 µm2. The pitch is 50 µm and image resolution is 508 dpi and power consumption is less than 3 mA.

The critical recuperation of late nineteenth-century women poets, most still waiting in the margins of the literary canon, has owed significantly to the renovated interest and study of the poetical works of Augusta Webster, Mathilde Blind and Amy Levy (1860-90) by the postmodern reader. One of the reasons for this ‘salvage’ may be that they represent and embody the profound and extraordinary changes encompassing the British fin-de-siècle, in which the transition from the Victorians to the Moderns implied the transformation or reconfiguration of certain myths or (hi)stories and the critical re-use or ‘recycling’ of major literary forms. If, for Webster and Blind, involvement in radical politics (namely, feminism and socialism) certainly implied a stance as outsiders, Blind and Levy were even more set apart by their foreignness, with Levy’s different religion and sexuality increasing the distance even further. With recourse to close reading and cultural critique, this paper will analyse how these three women poets re-use fragments (‘verbal ruins’) of national and international history, as well as classic myth, in order to question and transform the images and representations of man and woman in their respective connections with the world. It will demonstrate that while Webster’s poetry (Dramatic Studies of 1866 and Portraits of 1870) is firmly grounded on social demands and the exploration and dramatization of the nature of female experience, Blind’s epic and dramatic verse (The Ascent of Man of 1889 and Dramas in Miniature of 1891) creates new myths of human destiny, reclaiming the Poet’s role as the singer of the age’s scientific deeds, and Levy’s lyrics (Xantippe of 1881 and A Minor Poet of 1884) signal the New Woman poet’s role as victim of the pressures of emancipation. With the support of critics as Isobel Armstrong, Helen Groth and Angela Leighton, the paper will furthermore discuss the way in which these poets explore the selves that women inherit and create and the languages that re-define them, often through the expansive, public forms of dramatic and narrative verse; through these hybrid and fragmentary forms, Webster, Blind and Levy literally give voice to unspeakable feelings and situations, in which the anomalous and marginal are made central., info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

In Radical Traversals, Sierra Edd combines work on Indigenous art practice and production, politics of aesthetics, and temporal sovereignty, to highlight the potentialities of decolonial imagining and interpretative methods of listening in an analysis of the digital music collection called the Indigenous Futurisms Mixtape. Edd examines how sonic affect and the remix form create spatial and temporal multidimensionality or hyper-presence, to disrupt Western orders of objecthood and colonial logics in music. Drawing on epistemological provocations in Native and Indigenous studies, Black diaspora studies, and Sound studies, this paper uses a theoretical framework of traveling Indigeneity to center collaboration and theorizations on decolonial imagination which describes emergent radical envisioning and world-making as a conceptual tool of troubleshooting. To foreground the engagement with Indigenous and Afro-Indigenous sound and aesthetics in music, Edd uses a method of close-listening, a heterogeneous intimacy or a whole-body encounter with sonic (meta)physics and acoustics. This paper illustrates how listening and engaging with the Mixtape’s political aesthetic form encourages decolonial imagining and employs micro-scale resurgence enacted in quotidian intellectual and emotional knowledge building.

This paper studies the relationship between Argumentation Logic (AL), a recently defined logic based on the study of argumentation in AI, and classical Propositional Logic (PL). In particular, it shows that AL and PL are logically equivalent in that they have the same entailment relation from any given classically consistent theory. This equivalence follows from a correspondence between the non-acceptability of (arguments for) sentences in AL and Natural Deduction (ND) proofs of the complement of these sentences. The proof of this equivalence uses a restricted form of ND proofs, where hypotheses in the application of the Reductio of Absurdum inference rule are required to be “relevant” to the absurdity derived in the rule. The paper also discusses how the argumentative re-interpretation of PL could help control the application of ex-falso quodlibet in the presence of inconsistencies. © 2017 The Author(s) 1 43 Article in Press

The Bible commentator Thomas Stapleton (1535-98), an Elizabethan exile in Leuven and Douai, played a vital role in the ‘Golden Age of Biblical Scholarship’ (1550-1605). His Antidota (1595) aimed at giving the ‘correct’ interpretation of the Bible in response to the ‘poisoned’ commentaries of Calvin and his allies. This battle for the ‘true’ faith also brought Stapleton into intra-Catholic debates, especially the de auxiliis controversy, which pitted Jesuit theologians with their insistence on human free will against their more Augustinian-minded peers with their emphasis on God’s grace. While previous scholarship had placed Stapleton within the latter camp because of his extensive citation of Augustine, this paper intends to prove that in fact Stapleton belongs to the first group and that his key point of reference is not Augustine, but rather the Jesuit theologian Luis de Molina. More precisely, through an analysis of Stapleton’s Antidota, and specifically his comment on Mt. 11.21, this paper demonstrates Stapleton’s dependency on Molina’s so-called theory of ‘middle knowledge’. peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=yrrr20 ispartof: Reformation and Renaissance Review vol:18 issue:2 pages:105-122 status: published

El manual escolar sigue siendo un recurso didáctico clave en la enseñanza de la historia. En Educación Primaria y Secundaria pervive su uso, a pesar de las numerosas reformas educativas llevadas a cabo desde hace siglo y medio. Este trabajo pretende analizar su vigencia, estructura y cambios en el tiempo. Los cada vez más numerosos estudios se han escrito desde una perspectiva española o portuguesa, así que interesa conocer la evolución paralela y establecer comparaciones. Se analizan las escuelas historiográficas y pedagógicas que han influido en la evolución de los currículos educativos. Además se reflexiona sobre los contenidos históricos de los manuales, especialmente las narrativas nacionales., Textbooks persist as a leading didactic resource in history teaching. Their use endures in Primary and Secondary Education despite the countless educational reforms that have come about in the last hundred and fifty years. This paper analyses their extent, structure and changes over time. A growing number of studies have been written from a Spanish or Portuguese perspective, and this paper intends to understand their parallel evolution and compare them. Different historiographical and pedagogical views that have shaped the evolution of educational curricula are analysed. We also reflect on the historical contents of textbooks, especially national narratives., Este trabajo es resultado de los proyectos: La evaluación de las competencias básicas en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria desde las ciencias sociales” (EDU2012- 37909-C03-03), subvencionado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Projeto Estratégico do CIEd -Pest-OE/CED/UI1661/2014, subvencionado por la Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia de Portugal (FCT)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper considers how the current drive to expand and reassess the symbolic landscape of memory contributes to the construction of a new national identity in post-apartheid South Africa. Every new political order forms a group identity through a process of selective remembering and invention of usable pasts. The most significant aspect of this process is the forging of a compelling foundation myth, which traces the roots and defines the beginning of the new order. This paper argues that the key myth of origin of the post-apartheid state and the basis of present-day South African national identity is the “Struggle” for liberation, which includes resistance against all forms of colonial oppression. This underlying grand narrative forms the basis for the identification of new heritage sites, the selection of buildings to be protected, and the selection of events and persons commemorated through the construction of new museums, memorials, monuments, and public statuary.

This paper develops a methodological discussion on questions of hybridity in architectural theory and design, in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Reference is made to various different ideas of hybridity: from early postmodern interest in hybrid architecture (Jencks and Venturi), to postcolonial theory (Bhabha and Fanon), as well cultural studies on syncretic traditions among marginalized groups (Gilroy, Shohat, and McClintock). The paper promotes a postcolonial perspective on hybridity, which differs from the usual postmodern architectural perspective, through its emphasis on relations of discursive power (Foucault) that animate specific cultural/political conditions. Analytical distinctions are made between conscious and unconscious, momentary and sublimated, as well as overt and hidden forms of hybridity—distinctions that are particularly useful for an understanding of architecture.

This paper traces the story of an “iron house for a corn-mill,” as narrated by its manufacturer Sir William Fairbairn, a well-known nineteenth-century British engineer. Upon the order that Fairbairn had received from Serasker Halil Pasha, the Ottoman minister of war, during his visit to Istanbul in 1839, the building was produced at Fairbairn’s workshop in Millwall, London in 1840, and exhibited to the public there, before it was shipped to and constructed in Istanbul in 1841. Forming part of a comprehensive study that aims to articulate this story with some others that can provide further information on the “iron house,” including where it was located in the Ottoman capital, and when, why and how it ceased to exist, this paper emphasizes the intertwined relationship between the production of the building as an industrial object and its consumption as a commodity. Accordingly, it is an attempt to write a decentered history of the building by problematizing its site-specificity.

Between 1973 and 1976 Bernard Tschumi and RoseLee Goldberg undertook a program of cross-fertilization between architecture and art at their respective institutions, the Architecture Association and the Royal College of Art. This paper examines the repercussions for Tschumi’s students of an approach to architecture that embraced the methods and ideas of the experimental performance art that Goldberg championed. The students, dubbed “The London Conceptualists” by Peter Cook, included Will Alsop, Nigel Coates, Paul Shepheard, Jenny Lowe, and Peter Wilson. This paper examines their subsequent experiments in the context of London and draws broader conclusions from this intense, historic and personal exchange.

This paper compares trajectories of two food-insecure agro-pastoral sites: Gelcha in Eastern Oromia inhabited by Karrayu, and Luqa in South Omo in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) in Tsamay territory. The sites are part of the WIDE (Wellbeing Illbeing Dynamics in Ethiopia) project studying longitudinal changes in 20 Ethiopian rural communities since the mid-1990s. The other 18 sites were part of the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey for which baseline data are ava...

Shada Alma:“What hunt does a girl have? A girl’s hunt is when she marries. (laugh)Otherwise does she go hunting? She just stays at home with her mother.”(Two girls go hunting, Lydall and Head 1991) Duka Aike: “A girl’s hunt is when she marries. That’s when I’ll go hunting.”(The women who smile, Lydall and Head 1990) Introduction: marriage and the movement of women The idea for this paper arose from a seemingly simple fact: as in most patrilineal societies, it is the women in the Hamar-Banna-B...

In this paper we compare the longer-term trajectories of two communities in North Omo using data from a longitudinal study of twenty exemplar rural communities which launched in 1995 (WIDE1) with revisits in 2003 (WIDE2) and 2011 (WIDE3). In 2011, although the road distance between Gara Godo (‘chasing wild pig’) and Do’oma (‘harshlands’) was only 75 kms, and there were similarities in their vulnerability to drought, regular need for food aid, government development interventions and in some c...

In November 2012, the 18th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies was convened in Dire Dawa, a cosmopolitan city in the eastern lowlands of Ethiopia. This event gathered more than 300 international scholars from all disciplines of the humanities and social social sciences. Under the general theme of ‘movement’ these two volumes gather a collection of 70 papers that reflect recent trends in the field of Ethiopian studies. From local studies to regional and international perspectives, these studies question long term historical processes and current social and economic transformations. A number of contributions explore and give access to fresh sources of knowledge from unpublished or rediscovered texts and documents, from recordings of oral information, or from ethnographic observation. They also review literature, challenge conventional ideas and propose critical investigations on past and present issues, such as interethnic relations, women’s role, development policies and their impact.

The change in the scale and functions of towns in Africa is accompanied by evolving institutional socio-economic practices. In this paper I will address brokerage and the recruitment of new migrant labour in the town of Shashemene, Ethiopia. Brokering migrant labour is a relatively lucrative economic activity in the town and competition among the brokers to attract new labour migrants is intensive. Claims over the brokerage system involve processes of negotiations, grouping, cooperation and c...

This paper is a follow up of my PhD dissertation on the representations of gender in Ethiopian newspaper narratives, as observed through the coverage of the election of the year 2000 (Agaredech 2013). By examining on how two major Ethiopian newspapers covered the fourth national election in 2010, the purpose of this article is to see whether the media have shown any sign of progress regarding gender empowerment after ten years. This analysis will be completed by an interview conducted in Nove...

This paper focuses on institutional change related to water resources management among the Garri pastoralists inhabiting southern Ethiopia’s lowlands along the Ethio-Kenyan border. I analyze contemporary practices of water management in the light of a participatory model and valorisation of local environmental knowledge, which nowadays constitute a major concern of international development organizations working in these regions. Today a main feature of water usage among these groups is chara...

This paper is based on the second of the three reports resulting from a Young Lives relocation sub-study conducted in four sites in Ethiopia: three in Addis Ababa and one in Hawassa, the capital of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region. This second report focuses on housing and considers how children and caregivers view the prospect of moving to condominium housing, the advantages and risks involved, and their perceptions of their ability to afford the costs. The urban lands...

Scholarship on the Ottoman printing enterprise has long neglected the part played by the traditional actors of the written word, including the ulema and calligraphers, in the rise of the press. Though traditionally viewed as opponents of the new print technology, these actors continued to fulfill vital roles in everything from editorial work to the techno- material aspects of printing, generating new opportunities for themselves in a rapidly changing cultural environment. This paper focuses on their role in the Imperial Press to reveal how the know-how of these actors was critical for the transition to the new Ottoman cultural medium of print. It further suggests that as these actors adapted andcarried their skills to that medium, they themselves were influenced by the new technology of the press, and the novel ways of relating to the written word that came with it, in a profound way, with significant implications for the nature of scholarship and the shape of the scholarly career track during the period.

The paper discusses the monitoring-based approach unfolded to evaluate the health condition of a heritage structure in Portugal. An extensive experimental campaign, including geometric survey, visual inspections, damage diagnosis, monitoring and control, is carried out to support and evaluate the actions undertaken to re-establish the structural strength. The paper focuses on the analysis of case-specific static and dynamic parameters deemed representative of the structural behaviour and highlights the benefits associated with the implementation of a monitoring-weighed methodology in terms of diagnostics of the system's vulnerabilities as well as control of the effectiveness of the adopted consolidation measures. The results demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of this systematic experimental approach for the non-invasive assessment of the structural fitness of built cultural heritage., This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In the scope of COST IE0601-WoodCulther (http://www.woodculther.org) it was agreed to produce Guidelines for the Assessment of Historic Timber Structures, covering the principles and possible approaches for the safety assessment of old timber structures of historical relevance, that could be used as the basis for possible European Standards, as discussed with CEN/TC346 (Conservation of cultural heritage). This was targeted at all those concerned with the conservation of heritage buildings. It should also help decision-making regarding the need for immediate safety measures. Its aim is to guarantee that inspection and assessment measures provide the necessary data for historical analysis, structural safety assessment and planning of intervention works, while having minimal impact on the building fabric (the original materials, structural systems and techniques). This paper provides information on the criteria to be used in the assessment of load bearing timber structures in heritage buildings. It covers the preliminary assessment (desk survey, preliminary visual survey, measured survey, structural analysis and preliminary report), as well as the detailed survey of timbers (with a special emphasis on visual strength grading on site) and carpentry joints. The subsequent diagnostic report and the detailed design of repairs are outside its scope., This paper originates from a document with the same name prepared by the Task Group “Assessment of Timber Structures” set within COST Action IE0601 – Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage (WoodCultHer) and presented to its final meeting in November 2011. Therefore, the authors thank to COST for sponsoring two Task Group meetings, CIS-Madeira (SP) and LNEC (P) for hosting them and Dr. Philipe Galimard, Dr. Emmanuel Maurin, Dr. Ladislav Reinprecht and Dr. Artur Feio for their suggestions. They also acknowledge the work done by all the Committees working on the same subject in the past, namely ICOMOS/ISCARSAH, CIB/Commission W023, CEN/TC250, ISO/TC98, UNI - CT Normal - GL20 and COST Action E55, which produced the valuable standards, guidelines and other background documents referenced in the text and listed under Bibliography.

In Computer Science stepwise refinement of algebraic specifications is a well-known formal methodology for rigorous program development. This paper illustrates how techniques from Algebraic Logic, in particular that of interpretation, understood as a multifunction that preserves and reflects logical consequence, capture a number of relevant transformations in the context of software design, reuse, and adaptation, difficult to deal with in classical approaches. Examples include data encapsulation and the decomposition of operations into atomic transactions. But if interpretations open such a new research avenue in program refinement, (conceptual) tools are needed to reason about them. In this line, the paper’s main contribution is a study of the correspondence between logical interpretations and morphisms of a particular kind of coalgebras. This opens way to the use of coalgebraic constructions, such as simulation and bisimulation, in the study of interpretations between (abstract) logics., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

L’archéologie occupe désormais une place éminente dans l’étude des faits religieux du monde grec. Cette discipline scientifique fournit naturellement des données à l’histoire des religions, mais on peut aussi lui assigner un objet et des objectifs propres : étudier les produits de la technique pour analyser les effets de ce que l’on pourrait appeler l’« artificialisation » des faits de culture. Cette communication se propose d’envisager quelques‑uns des dispositifs techniques associés à la fréquentation des dieux, à partir des exemples fournis par le site de Délos. À cette fin, diverses manières d’équiper un lieu spécifique pour la visite cultuelle sont envisagées ; nous abordons également les moyens techniques de son appropriation à une divinité particulière. Archaeology now plays an important role in the study of religion in the Greek world. As a scientific discipline, archaeology provides the history of religions with useful data, but it also has its own object and objectives: to study the products of technique and analyse the effects of what could be termed the “artificialization” of the cultural facts. Consequently, taking examples from the Delos site, this paper will consider some of the technical facilities related to the frequentation of the gods. To do so, we will consider various ways of equipping a specific place for cultic visits and will also focus on the technical means used to appropriate it to a particular deity.

À la fin du ive siècle, dans une Délos qui vient de se libérer de la tutelle athénienne, un archonte sortant de charge offre à Aphrodite un petit sanctuaire. La relation qui s’y établit entre le fondateur, sa famille, les magistrats déliens et la déesse est complexe. Elle est ici analysée en trois étapes. Le moment de la fondation est décisif : Stèsiléôs y détermine une forme du culte qui favorise la proximité (topographique, architecturale, iconographique) de la déesse avec ses fidèles et privilégie la représentation familiale dans le sanctuaire. À ses débuts, le culte est marqué par un fonctionnement mixte : fondé à une échelle familiale, il est fréquenté par un cercle de magistrats et partiellement entretenu par la caisse sacrée ; la famille s’y réserve toutefois une proximité singulière avec la déesse en gérant une partie des offrandes et des célébrations. À la suite de Stèsiléôs, ses enfants confirment l’implication familiale dans le sanctuaire en redéfinissant sa position entre gestion publique et privée. At the end of the 4th century, when Delos was no longer under Athenian supervision, an archon leaving his charge offered a small Sanctuary to Aphrodite. This paper analyses the highly complex relationship between the founder, his family, the magistrates and the goddess in three phases. The moment of the foundation is crucial: Stesileos established a form of worship that favoured the (topographical, architectural, iconographic) goddess’ proximity to her worshippers and promoted family representation in the sanctuary. In its early days, the cult was marked by a mixed practice: founded by a family, it was attended by a circle of magistrates and partially maintained through the sacred treasury; however, the family maintained a uniquely close relationship to the goddess by managing part of the offerings and celebrations. After Stesileos died, his children reaffirmed the family’s involvement with the shrine by redefining its position between public and private management.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of safety standards in the international trade of goods on the activity of the customs administrations on the example of the Polish Customs Service. The safety of trade of goods in the international market is one of the main aspects affecting the actions taken by the customs administrations worldwide. The safety is most often defined as a condition in which the vast majority of risks associated with the conducted activity, have been identified, the probability of specific adverse events has been defined, accepted and special measures have been taken to limit the risks. In the era of globalization and trade liberalization the concept of risk analysis in the international trade and improving safety in the international supply chains is particularly important for all areas of business, as well for the public administration activity. Therefore Author of the paper is going to search for answers to the questions: To what extent the need to increase the safety of international trade in goods determines the customs service’s activity? What initiatives are undertaken by the customs administrations in order to define and to reduce the risk of goods trading? Searching for answers to these questions in first part of the paper Author will define the concept of safety of contemporary international trade by referring to the World Customs Organization Safe Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade (WCO, 2007). The second part of the paper deals with the nature of the customs service and its activity by stating that in the era of liberalization the international trade of goods the competition and the role of customs authority has evolved. The third part of the paper is focused on the impact of safety standards in the international trade on Polish Customs Service activity. In this part of the paper specific strategic document: Business Strategy of The Polish Customs Service will be analyzed. The new business services offered by customs administrations, which aim is to ensure the safety of the international goods trade, will also be indicated and the effort to evaluate the effectiveness of these services will be taken. In this paper, the following research methods were used: a descriptive method, an analysis of literature and a statistical inference.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.9.12802