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Context: Excess hepatic and pancreatic fat may contribute to hyperglycemia. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dapagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) on anthropometric profile, liver, and pancreatic fat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This is an observational interventional paired study design without a control group. Patients (n = 30) were given dapagliflozin 10 mg/ day (on top of stable dose of metformin and/or sulfonylureas) for 120 days. Changes in anthropometry (circumferences and skinfold thickness), surrogate markers of insulin resistance, body composition, liver, and pancreatic fat (as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived proton density fat fraction [FF]) were evaluated. Results: After 120 days of treatment with dapagliflozin, a statistically significant reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, circumferences, and all skinfold thickness was seen. A statistically significant reduction in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, hepatic transaminases, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and postprandial C-peptide was noted, while HOMA-β, postprandial insulin sensitivity, and fasting adiponectin were statistically significantly increased. There was no change in lean body mass. Compared to baseline there was a statistically significant decrease in mean liver FF (from 15.2% to 10.1%, P < .0001) and mean pancreatic FF (from 7.5% to 5.99%, P < .0083). Reduction in liver fat was statistically significant after adjustment for change in body weight. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin, after 120 days of use, reduced pancreatic and liver fat and increased insulin sensitivity in Asian Indian patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the research related to the obesity in diabetic patients. It focuses on the comparison of the of the total intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), liver span, and pancreatic volume in diabetics with the body mass index (BMI) matched non-diabetic subjects, with the information on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Abstract: Background: Genetics of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in Asian Indians has been inadequately studied. We investigated the association of polymorphisms C161T and Pro12Ala of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with clinical and biochemical parameters in Asian Indians with NAFLD. Methods: In this case–control study, 162 NAFLD cases and 173 controls were recruited. Abdominal ultrasound, clinical and biochemical profiles, fasting insulin levels and value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were determined. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphisms of two polymorphisms were performed. The association of these polymorphisms with clinical and biochemical parameters was analysed. Results: Higher frequency of Ala and T alleles of PPARγ was obtained in cases. Ala/Ala genotype of PPARγ (Pro12Ala) was associated with significantly higher serum triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and waist–hip ratio in cases as compared to controls. In C161T polymorphism, TT genotype was significantly increased TG (p =0.04), total cholesterol (p =0.01), ALK (p =0.04) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (p =0.007) in cases. The linkage disequilibrium for these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of PPARγ was differed in cases (D1=0.1; p =0.006) and controls (D1=0.07; p =0.1). Using a multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index, the presence of NAFLD was linked to these two polymorphisms (odds ratio 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09–2.45, p =0.05)]. Conclusion: Asian Indians in north India carrying the alleles Ala and T of PPARγ (Pro12Ala and C161T) polymorphisms are predisposed to develop NAFLD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]