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Cloud computing offers attractive features for both service providers and customers. Users benefit from the pay-as-you-go model by saving expenditures and service providers are deploying their services to cloud data centers to reduce their maintenance efforts. However, due to the fast growth of cloud data centers, the energy consumed by the data centers can lead to a huge amount of carbon emission with environmental impacts, and the carbon intensity of different locations are varied among different power plants according to the sources of energy. Thus, in this paper, to address the carbon emission problem of data centers, we consider shifting the workloads among multi-cloud located in different time zones. We also formulate the energy usage and carbon emission of data centers and model the solar power corresponding to the locations. This helps to reduce the usage of brown energy and maximize the utilization of renewable energy at different locations. We propose an approach for managing carbon footprint and renewable energy for multiple data centers at California, Virginia, and Dublin, which are in different time zones. The results show that our proposed approaches that apply workload shifting can reduce around 40% carbon emission in comparison to the baseline while ensuring the average response time of user requests. • Model considering power consumption, renewable energy and carbon footprint. • Algorithm for managing the renewable energy and carbon footprint for data centers. • Evaluations on the impacts of requests executed in different time zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the potential of biomass energy resources in Timor-Leste (TL). Although other renewable energy sources are mentioned in this article, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, bioenergy, including bioethanol and biogas, the main goal is to gather the data on biomass in TL and provide such data as useful information for a wide range of end-users. The current evaluation is based on various sources which include previous assessments on biomass and other renewable sources. The energy potential of biomass in TL apart that resulting from vegetation or flora and animals is also derived from agricultural waste, such as waste from rice, corn, and coffee. The analyses also include the contribution of agricultural waste, animal waste, and that from urban waste. The results from this article show that the potential of usable biomass energy in TL from forestry and agriculture is 1.68 × 106 toe/year, animal waste is 4.81 × 103 toe/year, and urban solid waste amounts to 9.55 × 103 toe/year. In addition, it is concluded that biomass alone can fully replace fossil fuels for electricity generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]