111 results
Search Results
2. Bibliometrics of Scientific Productivity on Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome
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Cossio Bolaños, Marco, Vidal Espinoza, Rubén, Pezoa-Fuentes, Paz, Cisterna More, Camila, Benavides Opazo, Angela, Espinoza Galdámez, Francisca, Urra Albornoz, Camilo, Sulla Torres, Jose, De la Torre Choque, Christian, and Gómez Campos, Rossana
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome (DS) in the PubMed database. A bibliometric study was conducted for the last 5 years (2017 to 2021). The data collected for each article were: year of publication, language of publication, country, journal name, and type of paper. The results showed that there was higher scientific productivity in the population with DS (20 studies) relative to their counterparts with ASD (31 studies). The language of publication in both cases was English. There were 10 countries that published on PA in ASD and 14 countries that published on DS. Overall, the greatest interest in publishing on PA in children and adolescents with ASD was in North America (6 studies), followed by Asia (5 studies) and Europe (4 studies). In the DS population it was in Europe (13 studies), North America (9 studies) and South America (4 studies). Nineteen journals were identified that published in the ASD population and 29 journals in DS. Six experimental studies were identified in ASD and 7 in DS. There was a higher scientific productivity with original studies. There was a positive trend of increasing scientific productivity over the years in both populations. We suggest the need to promote research on PA in both populations, regardless of the type of study, as it is an indicator of overall health status.
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- 2022
3. Cross-Cultural Training: A Study of European Expatriates in New Zealand
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Tahir, Rizwan
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the cross-cultural training (CCT) provided to European expatriate executives in New Zealand, and consequently add to the knowledge for human resource management in the Australasian region. Design/methodology/approach: The present qualitative research study is based on open-ended and in-depth interviews with 30 European expatriate executives who had been residing in New Zealand for the past year or more. Findings: The results indicate that at least some CCT was provided to all interviewees; however, the training content seemed to be strongly centered around professional work, with little focus on the culture of the host country. Moreover, there was no follow-up to the pre-departure CCT and very few expatriates in the sample received any training in New Zealand. Similarly, the family is considered a fundamental factor for the success of expatriates; however, in the sample, neither spouses nor children received any training before or after their arrival in New Zealand. Research limitations/implications: The research is limited by the sample small size. The study's inconclusive highlights the need for further research to explore the influences of local residents, colleagues and neighbors on expatriates' adjustment. Similarly, further studies are also required to ascertain the effectiveness of CCT in helping support expatriates' performance and adjustment in New Zealand. Practical implications: The present study suggests that opportunities do exist for multinational companies (MNCs) to better prepare their expatriates for assignments by integrating more effectively issues related to cultural awareness into their CCT. Specifically, experimental CCT methods that emphasize the host country's culture are most valuable. The CCT technique should be tailored to the cultural distance between the host nation and expatriates' country of origin and to the nature of their assignment. Originality/value: Given the existence of many MNCs in New Zealand, it is surprising that the issue of CCT in this context has received little research attention. The current study endeavors to address this gap. This paper hopes that the findings may also be useful for consultants and human resource managers in MNCs who are involved in preparing expatriates for foreign assignments in Australasia, especially New Zealand.
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- 2022
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4. A Snapshot in Time: Themes, Tags and International Reach--An Analysis of the Journal of International Research in Early Childhood Education
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Pendergast, Donna and Twigg, Danielle
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A thematic content analysis of the seven issues (35 papers and two editorials) of the "International Research in Early Childhood Education" ("IRECE") journal published by Monash University in Melbourne, Victoria was conducted to explore the themes over its five years of publication. Publications were grouped into defined data chunks by year and Leximancer was used to discover concepts and themes. Five dominant themes emerged: children/s; childhood; learning; parent/s and teacher/s. Pathway analyses were then conducted to more fully understand and describe each theme. Data were used to visually represent the most frequently appearing terms to form a tag cloud, which in turn contributes to the development of a "folksonomy" for the journal. Finally, mentions of geographic regions were also explored which positively reflected on international focus of the journal.
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- 2015
5. Childhood, Youth and Social Change: A Comparative Perspective.
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Chisholm, Lynne
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Written for a 1988 bilateral United Kingdom-West German conference, the chapters in this volume examine childhood and youth as socially constructed life stages within the context of contemporary social and cultural change. Following the editors' introduction are 14 papers: "What Does the Future Hold? Youth and Sociocultural Change in the FRG" (J. Zinneker); "A Sharper Lens or a New Camera? Youth Research, Young People and Social Change in Britain" (L. Chisholm); "Persons in Their Own Right: Children and Sociology in the UK" (D. Leonard); "Growing Up in the Eighties: Changes in the Social Biography of Childhood in the FRG" (P. Buchner); "Schooling and Economic Life in the UK" (Phillip Brown); "Caught Between Homogenization and Disintegration: Changes in the Life-phase 'Youth' in West Germany Since 1945" (H. H. Kruger); "The Shifting Sands of a Social Contract: Young People in Transition Between School and Work" (H. Kruger); "Beyond Individualization: What Sort of Social Change?" (G. Jones and C. Wallace); "Patriarchy for Children: On the Stability of Power Relations in Children's Lives" (J. Hood-Williams); "Illusory Quality: The Discipline-based Anticipatory Socialization of University Students" (S. Engler); "Youth, Race and Language in Contemporary Britain: Deconstructing Ethnicity?" (R. Hewitt); "How 'Black' Are the German Turks? Ethnicity, Marginality and Inter-ethnic Relations for Young People of Turkish Origin in the FRG" (G. Auernheimer); "Changing Leisure and Cultural Patterns Among British Youth" (M. Brake); and "West German Youth Cultures at the Close of the Eighties" (W. Ferchhoff). Included are about 900 references, notes on contributors, and an index. (MLH)
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- 1990
6. Educational use of connectivity in childhood and adolescence: a systematic literature review.
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Buenestado-Fernández, Mariana, García-Ruiz, Rosa, Jiménez-Iglesias, Estefanía, and Jorge, Ana
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YOUNG adults ,ADOLESCENCE ,CORE competencies ,DIGITAL media ,EDUCATION research ,FOSTER children ,DIGITAL literacy ,MEDIA literacy ,WIKIS ,EDUCATIONAL mobility - Abstract
Copyright of Psychology, Society & Education is the property of Psychology, Society & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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7. What are the economic costs of childhood socio-economic disadvantage? Evidence from a pathway analysis for 27 European countries.
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Clarke, Chris, Bonnet, Julien, Flores, Manuel, and Thévenon, Olivier
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LABOR market ,POOR children ,GOVERNMENT revenue ,COST ,ADULTS - Abstract
Growing up in socio-economic disadvantage has important and long-lasting effects on children's lives. Children from disadvantaged households often fall behind in many areas of well-being and development, with effects that continue to limit their opportunities and outcomes – including their health and labour market outcomes – long after they reach adulthood. Drawing on Europe-wide survey data from 27 countries, this paper explores how childhood socio-economic disadvantage affects later adult labour market and health outcomes and evaluates the country-level GDP-equivalent cost of childhood disadvantage due to lost employment, lost earnings, and lost health, as well as the costs of lost government revenue and extra benefit spending. Results point to large costs for societies from childhood socio-economic disadvantage, totalling on average the equivalent of 3.5% of GDP annually. We also show that the labour market penalties linked to childhood disadvantage are often smaller in countries with lower absolute levels of disadvantage. While not causal evidence, these associations suggest much of the impact of childhood disadvantage in adulthood can be mitigated with the right environment and policy set up in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Creative Pedagogy as Resistance Space: Rhizo-Textual Analysis of Artist Educators’ Practices Within Pan-European Policy.
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Stephenson, Lisa, Thorkelsdóttir, Rannveig Björk, Dunbar, Katie Lee, Karameri, Konstantina, and Jónsdóttir, Jóna Guðrún
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ART education ,CONTENT analysis ,ARTISTIC creation ,EDUCATION policy ,COMPARATIVE education - Abstract
Creative learning is increasingly being recognised as a crucial part of children’s holistic education. In this paper, we critically explore our experiences as artist-educators working across four differing European countries, namely, England, Iceland, Germany, and Greece. These experiences of practice are set against educational policy landscapes which have progressively eroded opportunities for young people to engage in the creative arts in education across many European states. We are involved in a three-year Erasmus+ funded project, “arted,” which aims to transfer the knowledge of artists working in education to school and home contexts, offering more equitable arts opportunities for young people through the co-creation of open access resources. Combining Deleuzoguattarian theory and narrative, we examined our collective ideologies of creativity and principles of arts practices within differing national curricular policy contexts as part of our co-creation process. This rhizo-textual analysis highlighted the heterogenous features of our work as artist-educators, which have enabled us to hold spaces for creative arts learning within differing national policy contexts. These resistance spaces act as a social critique of educational policy. Through the process of this analysis three ethical principles emerged which collectively underpin our interactive guides for teachers and parents within the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Cognitive interventions in children and adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds: a systematic review protocol of randomized controlled trials.
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Company-Córdoba, Rosalba, Sianes, Antonio, Simpson, Ian Craig, and Ibáñez-Alfonso, Joaquín A.
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TEENAGERS ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,COGNITIVE ability ,RESEARCH protocols ,COGNITIVE development ,CLUSTER randomized controlled trials - Abstract
Background: Many studies have evaluated the effects that a lack of resources has in children's physical and cognitive development. Although there are reviews that have focused on applied interventions from different perspectives, there is still a need for a comprehensive review of what has been attempted with these children from the cognitive intervention field. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a systematic review collecting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies whose purpose was to enhance cognitive development through the implementation of cognitive interventions in children and adolescents (< 18 years old) from low socioeconomic Status (SES) settings. Methods: The following databases will be searched: Web of Science (WoS core collection), PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, ERIC, PubMed, ICTRP and Opengrey Register (System for Information of Grey Literature in Europe). Searches will be adapted for each database. Additionally, the reference list of articles included in the review will also be searched. As part of this process, two reviewers will determine, independently, the suitability of each article taking into account predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Pertinent data will then be extracted, including sample characteristics, specifics of the intervention, and outcomes, as well as follow-up measures. Internal validity will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A quantitative synthesis of results will be conducted using a meta-analysis. However, if a meta-analysis is difficult to implement due to the diversity of the studies (for example, in terms of measures used to estimate the effect size, intervention types, outcomes, etc.), the technique synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) will be used. A description of outcome measures will be provided, as measured by validated neuropsychological instruments of any cognitive function. Discussion: The systematic review will offer a framework based on evidence to organisations, institutions, and experts who want to implement or promote interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive domains in children and adolescents who live in disadvantaged contexts. Systematic review registration: This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 16 March 2020 (registration number: CDR42020150238). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. Pediatric suicide attempts lagged during the COVID-19 pandemic: a European multicenter study.
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Moscoso, Ana, Cousien, Anthony, Serra, Giulia, Erlangsen, Annette, Vila, Mar, Paradžik, Ljubica, Pires, Sandra, Villar, Francisco, Bogadi, Marija, da Silva, Pedro Caldeira, Vicari, Stefano, Krantz, Mette Falkenberg, Delorme, Richard, do Amaral, Sarah, Andracchio, Elisa, Apicell, Massimo, Bilić, Ivana, Chieppa, Fabrizia, Duarte, Nuno Araújo, and Faustino, Iolanda
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STATISTICAL models ,BEHAVIOR modification ,EMERGENCY services in psychiatric hospitals ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,MENTAL illness ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FAMILY history (Medicine) ,SUICIDAL behavior ,ODDS ratio ,REWARD (Psychology) ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COVID-19 pandemic ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,ALGORITHMS ,POISONING ,TIME ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Elevated rates of suicidal behavior were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, information is scarce on patients' profiles during this period. Studies evoke the potential adverse effects of the mandatory lockdown, but they remain relatively speculative. Methods: We monitored fluctuations in suicide attempts (SA) in six European countries. We gathered data, retrospectively for under 18-year-old SA episodes (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021), through records of psychiatric emergency services. We collected clinical profiles individually. We extracted environmental indicators by month, as provided by Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). We used the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) method to identify breakpoints in SA episodes reported for each country, and logistic regressions to estimate changes in patients' characteristics after the breakpoints. Finally, we used a univariate and multivariate negative binomial model to assess the link between SA and OxCGRT indicators, accounting for the delay (lag) between the interventions and their impact on SA. Results: The study comprised 2,833 children and adolescents (mean age = 15.1 years (SD 1.6); M: F sex-ratio = 1:5.4). A significant increase in SA was found either 6 or 10 months after the beginning of the pandemic, varying by country. Patients were more likely to be girls (aOR = 1.77 [1.34; 2.34]) and used SA methods "other than self-poisoning" (aOR = 1.34 [1.05; 1.7]). In the multivariate model, an association was found between SA and the contact tracing indicator with an 11 months delay, and the number of COVID-19 deaths with a 3-months delay. Conclusions: Findings confirmed a delayed increase in SA during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents as well as changes in patients' profiles. The duration and severity of the pandemic emerged as the strongest predictor in the rise of SA. If faced with a similar pandemic in the future, the gap between the onset of pandemic and the increase in suicide attempts presents an opportunity for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Associations of childhood health and financial situation with quality of life after retirement – regional variation across Europe.
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Börnhorst, Claudia, Heger, Dörte, and Mensen, Anne
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QUALITY of life ,RETIREMENT communities ,CHILDREN ,RETIREMENT ,PATH analysis (Statistics) ,OLD age - Abstract
Many studies have shown that childhood circumstances can have long term consequences that persist until old age. To better understand the transmission of early life circumstances, this paper analyses the effects of health and financial situation during childhood on quality of life after retirement as well as the mediating role of later life health, educational level, and income in this association. Moreover, this study is the first to compare these pathways across European regions. The analyses are based on data of 13,092 retirees aged ≥ 60 and ≤ 85 years from the fifth wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with full information on childhood and later life measures of health, educational level, financial situation, and quality of life as well as relevant covariates. Five European regions are studied: Central-Western Europe (Austria, Germany), Central-Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovenia), Northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden), Southern Europe (Italy, Spain), and Western Europe (Belgium, France, The Netherlands). Path analysis is used to identify the direct and indirect effects of childhood measures on quality of life. We find retirees’ quality of life to be associated with childhood finances and health in all five European regions. While both the direct and indirect effects of childhood health are rather moderate and homogeneous across regions, especially the direct effects of childhood finances on quality of life after retirement display a distinct North-South gradient being strongest in Southern Europe. Potential explanations for the regional variations are differences in the countries’ welfare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. The emergence of sub-replacement family size ideals in Europe.
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Goldstein, Joshua, Lutz, Wolfgang, and Testa, Maria Rita
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FERTILITY ,FAMILY size ,BIRTH intervals ,CHILDREN ,POPULATION ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys - Abstract
Period fertility started to drop significantly below replacement in most Western European countries during the 1970s and 1980s, while most fertility surveys, value studies and opinion polls have found that the number of children considered ideal for society or for one's own family has remained above two children per woman. These surveys have led to the expectation that, sooner or late, period fertility would recover in Europe. The most recent data from the Eurobarometer 2001 survey, however, suggest that in the German-speaking parts of Europe the average ideal family sizes given by younger men and women have fallen as low as 1.7 children. This paper examines the consistency and the credibility of these new findings, which—if they are indeed indications of a new trend—may alter the current discussion about future fertility trends in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
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13. Growing Up in Australia: The First 12 Months of Landmark Study
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Sanson, Ann
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- 2003
14. Kawasaki disease recurrence in the COVID-19 era: a systematic review of the literature.
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Medaglia, Alice Annalisa, Siracusa, Lucia, Gioè, Claudia, Giordano, Salvatore, Cascio, Antonio, and Colomba, Claudia
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MUCOCUTANEOUS lymph node syndrome diagnosis ,ONLINE information services ,COVID-19 ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DISEASE relapse ,DISEASE susceptibility ,MUCOCUTANEOUS lymph node syndrome ,MEDLINE ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SYMPTOMS ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis of unknown origin of small and medium caliber blood vessels, especially involving coronary arteries and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in childhood in developed countries. Although rarely, it can recur: most recurrences occur within 2 years of the initial episode. No data are available on incidence of recurrent KD in Europe and multiple recurrences are rarely seen. We reviewed the medical literature on Kawasaki disease recurrence and reported a new case of Kawasaki disease recurrence in a child with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We believe that in our case SARS Cov2 acted as a trigger capable to determine, in a genetically susceptible individual, a second recurrence of the disease. In the Covid-19 era we affirm the importance for Kawasaki disease to be tested for SARS Cov2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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15. Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile systemic sclerosis.
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Foeldvari, Ivan, Culpo, Roberta, Sperotto, Francesca, Anton, Jordi, Avcin, Tadej, Baildam, Eileen, Boros, Christina, Chaitow, Jeffrey, Constantin, Tamas, Kasapcopur, Ozgur, Oliveira, Sheila Knupp Feitosa de, Pilkington, Clarissa, Toplak, Natasa, Royen, Annet van, Magalhaes, Claudia Saad, Vastert, Sebastiaan J, Wulffraat, Nico, and Zulian, Francesco
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CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SYSTEMIC scleroderma ,PEDIATRICS ,MEDICAL protocols ,SEVERITY of illness index ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,QUALITY assurance ,SYMPTOMS ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc) is a rare disease of childhood and currently no international consensus exists with regard to its assessment and treatment. This SHARE (Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe) initiative, based on expert opinion informed by the best available evidence, provides recommendations for the assessment and treatment of patients with JSSc with a view to improving their outcome. Experts focused attention not only on the skin assessment but also on the early signs of internal organ involvement whose proper treatment can significantly affect the long-term outcome. A score for disease severity is proposed in order to perform a structured assessment of outcome over time but a validation in a wider patient population is recommended. Finally, a stepwise treatment approach is proposed in order to unify the standard of care throughout Europe with the aim to reduce morbidity and mortality in this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children.
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Güemes-Villahoz, Noemí, Gómez de Liano, Rosario, Porras Ángel, Paloma, Talavero González, Paula, Bella Gala, Rafael, Martín García, Beatriz, Burgos Blasco, Bárbara, Hernández García, Elena, Chamorro Herrera, Marta, Hernández-Verdejo, José Luis, and Ruiz-Pomeda, Alicia
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EYE physiology ,LIFESTYLES ,PILOT projects ,STATISTICS ,LIGHTING ,MYOPIA ,RESEARCH methodology ,WORK ,CROSS-sectional method ,TIME ,QUANTITATIVE research ,MANN Whitney U Test ,REGRESSION analysis ,CITY dwellers ,SCREEN time ,QUALITATIVE research ,T-test (Statistics) ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,AGE factors in disease ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,DATA analysis software ,DATA analysis ,VISUAL accommodation ,FAMILY history (Medicine) ,EYE examination ,PARENTS - Abstract
Background: Childhood myopia represents a global concern with increasing prevalence in recent decades. Lifestyle factors significantly impact myopia. Aim: To evaluate lifestyle factors in myopic children from a metropolitan area in Europe. Methods: This was a descriptive study including myopic subjects aged 4–18 years. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, including cycloplegic refraction in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL). In addition, a questionnaire on lifestyle factors was conducted between September 2022 and April 2023. Results: A total of 321 myopic children were included, aged 10.72 ± 3.05 years, of whom 51.4% were boys, with SER −2.25 ± 1.9 D and AL 24.54 ± 0.98 mm. The mean age of myopia onset was 7.69 ± 3.05 years. A total of 59.8% had family history of myopia. Those children who had <2 h/day of screen time (on weekdays) presented SER −2 ± 1.91 D, compared to those who had >2 h/day, SER: −2.50 ±1.88 D (p = 0.009). Children who spent <2 h/day doing near work after school were less myopic compared to those who spent >2 h/day (SER: −1.75 ± 1.83 vs. SER: −2.75 ± 1.82, respectively, p = 0.03). However, no significant association was observed between SER and AL and time spent outdoors nor between SER and AL and academic performance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Screen time and near-work time appear to be lifestyle factors related to myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Screening of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Europe: A Systematic Review.
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Krysta, Wojciech, Dudek, Patryk, Pulik, Łukasz, and Łęgosz, Paweł
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NEWBORN screening ,ONLINE information services ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDICAL screening ,HIP joint dislocation ,MEDICAL protocols ,DYSPLASIA ,MEDLINE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a prevalent orthopaedic disorder in children, and screening methods vary across regions due to local health policies. The purpose of this review is to systematise the different ultrasound screening strategies for detecting DDH in newborns in Europe. Methods: Eligible studies from the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, published between 1 January 2018 and 18 March 2023, were included. The inclusion criteria specified a European origin, a focus on newborn human patients, and information on ultrasound for DDH detection. Results: In total, 45 studies were included, covering 18 countries. Among them, six nations (Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, and Germany) perform universal ultrasound screening. The timing of the first ultrasound varies, with Austria and the Czech Republic within the 1st week, Bosnia and Herzegovina on the day of birth, Poland between 1 and 12 weeks, and Germany before the 6th week. The Graf method is the most popular ultrasound technique used. Conclusions: There is no consensus on the optimal DDH detection approach in Europe. Varied screening methods stem from epidemiological, cultural, and economic differences among countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. How the COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures reduce physical activity among children and adolescents in the WHO European Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Ludwig-Walz, Helena, Siemens, Waldemar, Heinisch, Sarah, Dannheim, Indra, Loss, Julika, and Bujard, Martin
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ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,SPORTS participation ,META-analysis ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PHYSICAL activity ,EXERCISE ,EXERCISE intensity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STAY-at-home orders ,MEDLINE ,STATISTICAL models ,COVID-19 pandemic ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Emerging research suggests that physical activity among children and adolescents decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a differentiated overview of European youth is lacking. In particular, no systematic analysis has been conducted to date on the impact of heterogeneous pandemic restrictions and school closures within European countries, and with regard to potentially vulnerable groups. Methods: We searched seven databases and included studies for children and adolescents (≤ 19 years) of the WHO European Region that compared physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic with a pre-pandemic baseline using validated measurement instruments. We used the Oxford Stringency Index and School Closure Index as indicators of restriction stringency. Screening for eligibility, data extraction, assessment of the study risk of bias (using the 'Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure' [ROBINS-E]) and certainty grading of evidence (using the GRADE approach), were all done in duplicate. Unpublished data was requested from study authors. Data were pooled in random effects models. An a priori protocol was published, reporting is carried out in accordance with the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses' (PRISMA) statement. Results: Of 14,897 non-duplicate records, 26 publications (n = 15,038 pre-pandemic, n = 13,041 during pandemic) met full inclusion criteria. Comparison before and during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a significant reduction in total physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.57 [95%CI, -0.95; -0.20]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD, -0.43 [95% CI, -0.75; -0.10]), corresponding to a decrease of 12 min per day (a 20% reduction of the WHO recommendation). A decrease in sporting activity was also recorded. Subgroup analyses suggested that middle childhood (aged 8–12) and adolescents were particularly affected by the decline. School closures were associated with a reduction in physical activity. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was low. Conclusions: A sharp decline in all forms of physical activity was recorded among European children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This decline was higher during periods of school closure and mainly affected younger schoolchildren and adolescents. Immediate action by policy-makers and practitioners, as well as evidence-based public health strategies, are imperative in reversing this trend. Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023395871 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Study on Therapeutic Dropout Rates of a Pediatric Population in South-Eastern Central Europe, Dependent on Individual Particularities.
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MIHAILOV, Oana Mariana, MIHAILOV, Raul, ANTOHE, Magda, and BUICU, Florin
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PATIENT compliance ,MENTAL depression ,CHILD patients - Abstract
Specialized studies conducted in the last decade have shown that the therapeutic success of specific treatment with tuberculostatic drugs, along with the decrease in the risk of relapse are elements that can only be achieved by increasing patients' adherence to treatment. This is of paramount importance, especially for pediatric populations, as they are subject to a higher rate of therapeutic dropout, dependent on a number of individual particularities (from socio-demographic characteristics, to the incidence of depressive disorders, to pathological personal history, etc.). When we talk about patient behavior, we refer to how he/she complies with the specialist's recommendation regarding: medication administration; following a diet; lifestyle changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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20. A systematic review of determinants of sedentary behaviour in youth: a DEDIPAC-study.
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Stierlin, Annabel S., De Lepeleere, Sara, Cardon, Greet, Dargent-Molina, Patricia, Hoffmann, Belinda, Murphy, Marie H., Kennedy, Aileen, O'Donoghue, Grainne, Chastin, Sebastien F. M., and De Craemer, Marieke
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CHILDREN'S health ,CINAHL database ,HEALTH behavior ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,RESEARCH funding ,ADOLESCENT health ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,FAMILY relations ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,MEDICAL coding ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Sedentary behaviour (SB) has emerged as a potential risk factor for metabolic health in youth. Knowledge on the determinants of SB in youth is necessary to inform future intervention development to reduce SB. A systematic review was conducted to identify predictors and determinants of SB in youth. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched, limiting to articles in English, published between January 2000 and May 2014. The search strategy was based on four key elements and their synonyms: (a) sedentary behaviour, (b) determinants, (c) types of sedentary behaviours, (d) types of determinants. The full protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014009823). Cross-sectional studies were excluded. The analysis was guided by the socio-ecological model. 37 studies were selected out of 2654 identified papers from the systematic literature search. Most studies were conducted in Europe (n = 13), USA (n = 11), and Australia (n = 10). The study quality, using the Qualsyst tool, was high with a median of 82 % (IQR: 74-91 %). Multiple potential determinants were studied in only one or two studies. Determinants were found at the individual, interpersonal, environmental and policy level but few studies examined a comprehensive set of factors at different levels of influences. Evidence was found for age being positively associated with total SB, and weight status and baseline assessment of screen time being positively associated with screen time (at follow-up). A higher playground density and a higher availability of play and sports equipment at school were consistently related to an increased total SB, although these consistent findings come from single studies. Evidence was also reported for the presence of safe places to cross roads and lengthening morning and lunch breaks being associated with less total SB. Future interventions to decrease SB levels should especially target children with overweight or obesity and should start at a young age. However, since the relationship of many determinants with SB remains inconsistent, there is still a need for more longitudinal research on determinants of SB in youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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21. Real-World Efficacy and Safety of an 8-Week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Regimen in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Hepatitis C—Results of a Multicenter EpiTer-2 Study.
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Pawlowska, Malgorzata, Dobrowolska, Krystyna, Moppert, Justyna, Pokorska-Śpiewak, Maria, Purzynska, Mariola, Marczynska, Magdalena, Zarebska-Michaluk, Dorota, and Flisiak, Robert
- Subjects
CHRONIC hepatitis C ,END of treatment ,AGE groups ,TEENAGERS ,CHILD patients - Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of anti-HCV treatment based on a pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimen with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) in children. The multi-center study was conducted in HCV-infected children who were treated in the period from November 2022 to January 2023. The analysis included 23 pediatric patients with a mean (SD) age of 9.61 (3.68) years. The cohort included 13 girls and 10 boys. The most common HCV genotypes were GT1b (n = 9, 39.1%), GT1a (n = 6, 26.1%) and GT3 (n = 5, 21.7%). The SVR was assessed at 12 weeks after the end of treatment and was 100% for both girls and boys. The conducted study showed a very good tolerance of the treatment in the entire analyzed group and confirmed a very high efficacy and safety for 8-week treatment with GLE/PIB in children over three years of age. It seems that our study is the first on the real-world use of an 8-week GLE/PIB pangenotypic therapy in a group of children aged 3–12 years and the first in Europe for adolescents aged 12–17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. The Rationale of Complement Blockade of the MCP ggaac Haplotype following Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome of Three Southeastern European Countries with a Literature Review.
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Turudic, Daniel, Pokrajac, Danka, Tasic, Velibor, Kasumovic, Dino, Prohaszka, Zoltan, and Milosevic, Danko
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HEMOLYTIC-uremic syndrome ,LITERATURE reviews ,HAPLOTYPES ,EUROPEAN literature ,BLOCKADE ,COMPLEMENT receptors - Abstract
We present eight cases of the homozygous MCPggaac haplotype, which is considered to increase the likelihood and severity of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), especially in combination with additional risk aHUS mutations. Complement blockade (CBT) was applied at a median age of 92 months (IQR 36–252 months). The median number of relapses before CBT initiation (Eculizumab) was two. Relapses occurred within an average of 22.16 months (median 17.5, minimum 8 months, and maximum 48 months) from the first subsequent onset of the disease (6/8 patients). All cases were treated with PI/PEX, and rarely with renal replacement therapy (RRT). When complement blockade was applied, children had no further disease relapses. Children with MCPggaac haplotype with/without additional gene mutations can achieve remission through renal replacement therapy without an immediate need for complement blockade. If relapse of aHUS occurs soon after disease onset or relapses are repeated frequently, a permanent complement blockade is required. However, the duration of such a blockade remains uncertain. If complement inhibition is not applied within 4–5 relapses, proteinuria and chronic renal failure will eventually occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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23. Lung clearance index in subjects with cystic fibrosis in Italy.
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Lombardi, Enrico, Gambazza, Simone, Pradal, Ugo, and Braggion, Cesare
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BREATH tests ,CYSTIC fibrosis ,INTERNATIONAL agencies ,MEMBRANE proteins ,PEDIATRICS ,RESPIRATION ,RESPIRATORY measurements ,PULMONARY function tests ,CHILDREN - Abstract
The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is an index derived from washout recordings, able to detect early peripheral airway damage in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) with a greater sensitivity than spirometry. LCI is a marker of overall lung ventilation inhomogeneity; in fact, as pulmonary ventilation worsens, the number of tidal breaths and the expiratory volumes required to clear the lungs of a marker gas are increased, as documented by a greater value. In the field of CF, LCI allows indirect investigation of the small airways (< 2 mm) the site where, from a pathophysiologic point of view, the disease begins due to the defect of the CF transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Infant pulmonary function changes seem to occur before clinically overt symptoms of lower respiratory illness occur. When performing the test, it is important to refer to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society consensus statements and apply a strict standardization. In Italy the first tests were carried out in 2014 for research purpose and now approximately 10 centers are collecting data and are experiencing a consistency in repeating exams. Currently in Italian centers children at pre-school age are the main target: in this population it is important to have a sensitive and feasible test, non-invasive, that can be performed at tidal volume without sedation, and requiring minimal cooperation and coordination, and that can be used longitudinally over time. Another target could be the transplanted subjects to detect early signs of lung function decline. The content of this paper captures the experience and discussions among some of the Italian centers where LCI is currently used for research and/or in clinical practice about the method and the need to have a common approach. The aim of this paper is not to describe the methodology of MBW, but to inform the pediatric community about the possible application of LCI in CF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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24. Recommendations for a trans-European dietary assessment method in children between 4 and 14 years.
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Andersen, L F, Lioret, S, Brants, H, Kaic-Rak, A, de Boer, E J, Amiano, P, and Trolle, E
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FOOD consumption measurement ,NUTRITION surveys ,CHILD nutrition ,FOOD consumption ,PRESCHOOL children ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
Background/Objectives: The main objective of European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL)-child Project is to define and evaluate a trans-European methodology for undertaking national representative dietary surveys among children in the age group of 4–14 years. In the process of identifying the best dietary assessment methodologies, experts were brought together at a workshop. The paper presents the discussion of the best available method and the final recommendations for a trans-European dietary assessment method among 4- to 14-year-old children. Subjects/Methods: The starting point was to investigate whether the method (two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs)) suggested for the adults in European Food Consumption Survey Method (EFCOSUM) would be usable for children in the age group between 4 and 14 years. However, all available dietary assessment methods were included in the discussion to ensure that the final recommendation would be based on the best evidence. Six criteria were defined and used as additional guidance in the process. Results: The literature does not give a clear recommendation on the dietary assessment methods that are most suitable for children in the age group of 4–14 years. Nevertheless, on the basis of the literature, the recommendations were separated for preschoolers (4–6 years) and schoolchildren (7–14 years). Conclusion: For preschoolers, two non-consecutive days of a structured food record are recommended, using a (for children adapted) picture booklet and household measures for portion-size estimation. For schoolchildren, repeated 24-HDRs are recommended, using a picture booklet and household measures for portion-size estimation. In addition, the child should bring a booklet to register what is eaten out of home. One parent should assist the schoolchild at the 24-HDR interview, and therefore face-to-face interviews are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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25. Children and Dual Worklessness in Europe: A Comparison of Nine Countries.
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Härkönen, Juho
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PARENTS ,LABOR market ,SOCIAL conditions of children ,WELL-being ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SOCIAL policy ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2011
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26. Development and pilot-testing of a health-related quality of life chronic generic module for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions: a European perspective.
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Petersen, Corinna, Schmidt, Silke, Power, Mick, Bullinger, Monika, and DISABKIDS Group
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CHILDREN'S health ,DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,ATOPIC dermatitis ,GENETIC disorders ,CYSTIC fibrosis ,CHRONIC diseases & psychology ,MENTAL health ,QUALITY of life ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH status indicators ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHOLOGY of children with disabilities ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,SICKNESS Impact Profile ,PILOT projects ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessment in children and adolescents with chronic health conditions is increasingly considered as a relevant topic. The aim of the EU-funded DISABKIDS project is to develop, test, and implement European instruments for the assessment of HRQOL of children and adolescents with disabilities and their families. The current paper describes the development and pilot testing of a chronic generic HRQOL measure. Using literature searches, expert consulting and focus groups with children/adolescents and their families, items of the instruments were developed and translated into the respective languages. A pilot test with 360 children and adolescents was conducted. Children and adolescents (8-12, 13-16 years) with different chronic health conditions (asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, arthritis, atopic dermatitis, cerebral palsy, and cystic fibrosis) as well as their families were included. Data were analysed according to predefined psychometric and content criteria. Psychometric analyses resulted in a 56-item chronic generic HRQOL questionnaire with six domains ('Medication', 'Physical', 'Emotion', 'Independence', 'Social Inclusion', 'Social Exclusion') with acceptable internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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27. Differences in Anthropometric Parameters of Children in Six European Countries.
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Semánová, Csilla, Szőllősi, Gergő J., Ilyés, István, Cardon, Greet, Latomme, Julie, Iotova, Violeta, Bazdarska, Yuliya, Lindström, Jaana, Wikström, Katja, Herrmann, Sandra, Schwarz, Peter, Karaglani, Eva, Manios, Yannis, Makrilakis, Konsantinos, Moreno, Luis, González-Gil, Esther M., and Rurik, Imre
- Subjects
STATURE ,BODY weight ,MIDDLE-income countries ,DEVELOPED countries ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LOW-income countries ,RESEARCH funding ,BODY mass index ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: The databases of children's anthropometric parameters are often outdated, rarely representative and are not always available at an international level. Objectives: To present children's anthropometric parameters in six European countries that contributed to the Feel4Diabetes project and find country-specific differences. Design/Setting: The Feel4Diabetes study was performed between 2016 and 2018, targeting children in Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain. The current study presents data from the baseline and the yearly follow-up anthropometric measurements. Subjects: In total, 20,832 measurements of children (48.7% boys) between 6 and 10 years of age were conducted. Main outcome measure: weight, height, BMI. Results: Belgian boys had the lowest body weight and height, while Greek boys had the highest body weight, and Finnish had the highest body height. The highest proportion of overweight (percentile above 85%) and obese boys (percentile above 95%) was in Greece, followed by Hungarian, Spanish, Bulgarian and Finnish boys. In contrast, Belgian boys had the lowest ratio in both categories. Among girls, Greece had the highest; Belgium had the lowest body weight; Finland was the highest in all age categories. The ratio in the overweight range was the highest in Greece, followed by Spanish, Bulgarian and Hungarian girls, who were second in the obese category. Finnish girls had lower and Belgian girls had the lowest ratio in both BMI categories. All the detailed data are presented in tables, and the trends are figures. Conclusions: Our study presents fresh and comparable anthropometric data of children between 6 and 10 years of age in six European countries, supporting the need for appropriate obesity prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. Intensive Care Clinicians' Perspectives on Ethical Challenges Raised by Rapid Genomic Testing in Critically Ill Infants.
- Author
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Poogoda, Sachini, Lynch, Fiona, Stark, Zornitza, Wilkinson, Dominic, Savulescu, Julian, Vears, Danya, and Gyngell, Christopher
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INTENSIVE care units ,PARENT attitudes ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CRITICALLY ill ,GENETIC counselors ,PEDIATRICS ,PATIENTS ,GENETIC testing ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Rapid genomic testing (rGT) enables genomic information to be available in a matter of hours, allowing it to be used in time-critical settings, such as intensive care units. Although rGT has been shown to improve diagnostic rates in a cost-effective manner, it raises ethical questions around a range of different areas, including obtaining consent and clinical decision-making. While some research has examined the perspectives of parents and genetics health professionals, the attitudes of intensive care clinicians remain under-explored. To address this gap, we administered an online survey to English-speaking neonatal/paediatric intensivists in Europe, Australasia and North America. We posed two ethical scenarios: one relating to obtaining consent from the parents and the second assessing decision-making regarding the provision of life-sustaining treatments. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. We received 40 responses from 12 countries. About 50–75% of intensivists felt that explicit parental consent was necessary for rGT. About 68–95% felt that a diagnosis from rGT should affect the provision of life-sustaining care. Results were mediated by intensivists' level of experience. Our findings show divergent attitudes toward ethical issues generated by rGT among intensivists and suggest the need for guidance regarding ethical decision-making for rGT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Iatrogenic Neonatal Esophageal Perforation: A European Multicentre Review on Management and Outcomes.
- Author
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Sorensen, Eva, Yu, Connie, Chuang, Shu-Ling, Midrio, Paola, Martinez, Leopoldo, Nash, Mathew, Jester, Ingo, and Saxena, Amulya K.
- Subjects
ANTIBIOTICS ,STEROID drugs ,RESEARCH ,CONSERVATIVE treatment ,CHEST X rays ,PLEURAL effusions ,ESOPHAGEAL perforation ,ABSCESSES ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,GESTATIONAL age ,RANITIDINE ,DISEASES ,TERTIARY care ,ACQUISITION of data ,FEEDING tubes ,ARTIFICIAL respiration ,BIRTH weight ,MEDICAL records ,PARENTERAL feeding ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: The aim of this multicenter retrospective study and literature review was to review management and outcomes of neonatal esophageal perforation (NEP). Methods: Protocol data were collected from four European Centers on gestational age, factors surrounding feeding tube insertion, management and outcomes. Results: The 5-year study period (2014–2018) identified eight neonates with median gestational age of 26 + 4 weeks (23 + 4–39) and median birth weight 636 g (511–3500). All patients had NEP from enterogastric tube insertions, with the perforation occurring at median 1st day of life (range 0–25). Seven/eight patients were ventilated (two/seven-high frequency oscillation). NEP became apparent on first tube placement (n = 1), first change (n = 5), and after multiple changes (n = 2). Site of perforation was known in six (distal n = 3, proximal n = 2 and middle n = 1). Diagnosis was established by respiratory distress (n = 4), respiratory distress and sepsis (n = 2) and post-insertion chest X-ray (n = 2). Management in all patients included antibiotics and parenteral nutrition with two/eight receiving steroids and ranitidine, one/eight steroids only and one/eight ranitidine only. One neonate had a gastrostomy inserted, while in another an enterogastric tube was orally successfully re-inserted. Two neonates developed pleural effusion and/or mediastinal abscess requiring chest tube. Three neonates had significant morbidities (related to prematurity) and there was one death 10 days post-perforation (related to prematurity complications). Conclusions: NEP during NGT insertion is rare even in premature infants after evaluating data from four tertiary centers and reviewing the literature. In this small cohort, conservative management seems to be safe. A larger sample size will be necessary to answer questions on efficacy of antibiotics, antacids and NGT re-insertion time frame in NEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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30. Burosumab for X-linked hypophosphatemia in children and adolescents: Opinion based on early experience in seven European countries.
- Author
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Mughal, M. Zulf, Baroncelli, Giampiero I., de Lucas-Collantes, Carmen, Linglart, Agnès, Magnolato, Andrea, Raimann, Adalbert, Santos, Fernando, Schnabel, Dirk, Shaw, Nick, and Nilsson, Ola
- Subjects
ADOLESCENCE ,TEENAGERS ,GLOMERULAR filtration rate ,ALKALINE phosphatase ,PHYSICAL mobility ,RICKETS - Abstract
Given the relatively recent introduction of burosumab in the management of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), there is limited real-world data to guide its use in clinical practice. As a group of European physicians experienced with burosumab treatment in clinical practice, we convened with the objective of sharing these practice-based insights on the use of burosumab in children and adolescents with XLH. We attended two virtual meetings, then discussed key questions via Within3, a virtual online platform. Points of discussion related to patient selection criteria, burosumab starting dose, dose titration and treatment monitoring. Our discussions revealed that criteria for selecting children with XLH varied across Europe from all children above 1 year to only children with overt rickets despite conventional treatment being eligible. We initiated burosumab dosing according to guidance in the Summary of Product Characteristics, an international consensus statement from 2019 and local country guidelines. Dose titration was primarily guided by serum phosphate levels, with some centers also using the ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR). We monitored response to burosumab treatment clinically (growth, deformities, bone pain and physical functioning), radiologically (rickets and deformities) and biochemically (serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, urine calcium-creatinine ratio and TmP/GFR). Key suggestions made by our group were initiation of burosumab treatment in children as early as possible, from the age of 1 year, particularly in those with profound rickets, and a need for clinical studies on continuation of burosumab throughout adolescence and into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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31. Increase of depression among children and adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Ludwig-Walz, Helena, Dannheim, Indra, Pfadenhauer, Lisa M., Fegert, Jörg M., and Bujard, Martin
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COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL health services ,TEENAGE boys ,MENTAL depression ,TEENAGERS - Abstract
Background: Research points to a high depression burden among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, a lack of systematic evidence exists. We determine the change in depression symptoms among children and adolescents during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic baselines. By using country differences in pandemic-related restrictions and school closures in Europe as quasi-experimental design, we evaluate policy impacts on depression. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, following the PRISMA statement, we searched six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19) using a peer-reviewed search string up until March 18, 2022 with citation tracking and grey literature searches. No limitations regarding language and effect measures existed. We included studies that compared (1) general depression symptoms or (2) clinically relevant depression rates in children and adolescents (≤ 19 years) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The validated Oxford Stringency Index was used as indicator for pandemic-related restrictions. Screening for eligibility, extracting data from published reports and from unpublished data requested directly from study authors, assessing the study risk of bias and grading certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach, were all done in duplicate. Data were pooled in a random-effects model. PROSPERO: CRD42022303714. Results: Of 7,422 nonduplicate records, 22 studies with data from 868,634 participants pre-pandemic and 807,480 during pandemic, met full inclusion criteria. For the comparison of depression symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, moderate certainty of evidence was observed for general depression symptoms (standardized mean difference, 0.21 [95%CI, 0.12–0.30]; I
2 = 94%) and low certainty of evidence for clinically relevant depression rates (odds ratio, 1.36 [95%CI, 1.05–1.76]; I2 = 95%) for total population. Increase in general depression symptoms was higher for male adolescents, whereas increase in clinically relevant depression rates was higher for females. Effect estimates were significantly higher when pandemic-related restrictions were more stringent or school closure occurred. Conclusion: An increase in depression symptoms occurred in a pre-pandemic vs. during-pandemic comparison within the COVID-19 pandemic, whereby pandemic-related restrictions (such as school closures) resulted in a considerable effect increase. Ensuring adequate supply of mental health recovery services and long-term monitoring is of high public health relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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32. Parental food consumption and diet quality and its association with children's food consumption in families at high risk of type 2 diabetes: the Feel4Diabetes-study.
- Author
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Mahmood, Lubna, Moreno, Luis A, Flores-Barrantes, Paloma, Mavrogianni, Christina, Schwarz, Peter, Makrilakis, Konstantinos, Liatis, Stavros, Cardon, Greet, Willems, Ruben, Rurik, Imre, Radó, Sándorné, Tankova, Tsvetalina, Iotova, Violeta, Usheva, Natalya, Manios, Yannis, Gonzalez-Gil, Esther M, and Feel4Diabetes-Study Group
- Subjects
FOOD consumption ,CHILD nutrition ,SNACK foods ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,DIET - Abstract
Objective: To examine the parental food consumption and diet quality and its associations with children's consumption in families at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus across Europe. Also, to compare food frequency consumption among parents and children from high-risk families to the European Dietary guidelines/recommendations.Design: Cross-sectional study using Feel4diabetes FFQ.Setting: Families completed FFQ and anthropometric measures were obtained. Linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the relations between parental food consumption and diet quality and their children's food consumption after consideration of potential confounders.Participants: 2095 European families (74·6 % mothers, 50·9 % girls). The participants included parent and one child, aged 6-8 years.Results: Parental food consumption was significantly associated with children's intake from the same food groups among boys and girls. Most parents and children showed under-consumption of healthy foods according to the European Dietary Guidelines. Parental diet quality was positively associated with children's intake of 'fruit' (boys: β = 0·233, P < 0·001; girls: β = 0·134, P < 0·05) and 'vegetables' (boys: β = 0·177, P < 0·01; girls: β = 0·234, P < 0·001) and inversely associated with their 'snacks' consumption (boys: β = -0·143, P < 0·05; girls: β = -0·186, P < 0·01).Conclusion: The present study suggests an association between parental food consumption and diet quality and children's food intake. More in-depth studies and lifestyle interventions that include both parents and children are therefore recommended for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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33. Can food parenting practices explain the association between parental education and children's food intake? The Feel4Diabetes-study.
- Author
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Flores-Barrantes, Paloma, Mavrogianni, Christina, Iglesia, Iris, Mahmood, Lubna, Willems, Ruben, Cardon, Greet, De Vylder, Flore, Liatis, Stavros, Makrilakis, Konstantinos, Martinez, Remberto, Schwarz, Peter, Rurik, Imre, Antal, Emese, Iotova, Violeta, Tsochev, Kaloyan, Chakarova, Nevena, Kivelä, Jemina, Wikström, Katja, Manios, Yannis, and Moreno, Luis A
- Subjects
CHILD nutrition ,FOOD consumption ,SNACK foods ,PARENT-child relationships ,DRINKING (Physiology) ,REWARD (Psychology) - Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of food parenting practices (FPP), including home availability of different types of foods and drinks, parental modelling of fruit intake, permissiveness and the use of food as a reward in the relationship between parental education and dietary intake in European children. Design: Single mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether FPP explain associations between parents' educational level and children's dietary intake measured by a parent-reported FFQ. Setting: Six European countries. Participants: Parent–child dyads (n 6705, 50·7 % girls, 88·8 % mothers) from the Feel4Diabetes-study. Results: Children aged 8·15 ± 0·96 years were included. Parental education was associated with children's higher intake of water, fruits and vegetables and lower intake of sugar-rich foods and savoury snacks. All FPP explained the associations between parental education and dietary intake to a greater or lesser extent. Specifically, home availability of soft drinks explained 59·3 % of the association between parental education and sugar-rich food intake. Home availability of fruits and vegetables was the strongest mediators in the association between parental education and fruit and vegetable consumption (77·3 % and 51·5 %, respectively). Regarding savoury snacks, home availability of salty snacks and soft drinks was the strongest mediators (27·6 % and 20·8 %, respectively). Conclusions: FPP mediate the associations between parental education and children's dietary intake. This study highlights the importance of addressing FPP in future interventions targeting low-educated populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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34. The Human Rights Situation of Intersex People: An Analysis of Europe and Latin America.
- Author
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Mestre, Yessica
- Subjects
INTERSEX people ,HUMAN rights ,VIOLENCE in the community ,HUMAN rights violations ,GENDER ,CULTURAL landscapes - Abstract
Today, intersex people of Europe and Latin America are subjected to different degrees of invisibility and discrimination for being part of bodily diverse communities. Thus, these experiences have been addressed as violations of intersex human rights. This research intends to explore intersex human rights across Europe and Latin America through a scoping review and legal research, including the review of activist documents. It seeks to study the experiences of violence suffered by intersex people, the role of states in promoting justice, and the possibilities offered by a human rights framework to guarantee a dignified life for bodily diverse communities. This research also illustrates that, although regional, cultural and social landscapes differ in both continents, intersex groups are subject to constant violations of their human rights, and they struggle for recognition and for their bodies to be respected outside the binary categories of sex and gender. Furthermore, European and Latin American states have made proven legislative advances that have led to the greater visibility of intersex people but also face remaining difficulties and gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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35. Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance/European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging/American Society of Echocardiography/Society for Pediatric Radiology/North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pediatric congenital and acquired heart disease: Endorsed by The American Heart Association
- Author
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Fogel, Mark A., Anwar, Shaftkat, Broberg, Craig, Browne, Lorna, Chung, Taylor, Johnson, Tiffanie, Muthurangu, Vivek, Taylor, Michael, Valsangiacomo-Buechel, Emanuela, and Wilhelm, Carolyn
- Subjects
HEART disease diagnosis ,CONGENITAL heart disease diagnosis ,MAGNETIC resonance angiography ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,THREE-dimensional imaging ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,CONGENITAL heart disease ,MEDICAL protocols ,PEDIATRIC cardiology ,PROFESSIONAL associations ,HEART diseases - Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been utilized in the management and care of pediatric patients for nearly 40 years. It has evolved to become an invaluable tool in the assessment of the littlest of hearts for diagnosis, pre-interventional management and follow-up care. Although mentioned in a number of consensus and guidelines documents, an up-to-date, large, stand-alone guidance work for the use of CMR in pediatric congenital 36 and acquired 35 heart disease endorsed by numerous Societies involved in the care of these children is lacking. This guidelines document outlines the use of CMR in this patient population for a significant number of heart lesions in this age group and although admittedly, is not an exhaustive treatment, it does deal with an expansive list of many common clinical issues encountered in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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36. Training in pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility across Europe: a survey of the ESPGHAN National Societies Network 2016-2019.
- Author
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Papadopoulou, Alexandra, Ribes-Koninckx, Carmen, Baker, Alastair, Noni, Maria, Koutri, Eleni, Karagianni, Maria-Vasiliki, Protheroe, Sue, Guarino, Alfredo, Mas, Emmanuel, Wilschanski, Michael, Roman, Enriqueta, Escher, Johanna, Furlano, Raoul I., Posovszky, Carsten, Hoffman, Ilse, Veres, Gabor, Bronsky, Jiri, Hauer, Almuthe Christine, Tjesic-Drinkovic, Duska, and Fotoulaki, Maria
- Subjects
PEDIATRIC gastroenterology ,GASTROINTESTINAL motility disorders ,PEDIATRIC surgeons ,GASTROENTEROLOGISTS - Abstract
Background Pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders present significant challenges for diagnosis and management, emphasizing the need for appropriate training in Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility (PNGM). The aim of this survey, part of a comprehensive survey on training in pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, was to evaluate training related to PNGM across European training centers. Method Standardized questionnaires were collected from training centers through the National Societies Network of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), from June 2016 to December 2019 Results In total, 100 training centers from 19 countries participated in the survey. Dedicated PNGM clinics were available in 22 centers; pH-monitoring in 60; pH/impedance in 66; standard manometry in 37; and high-resolution manometry in 33. If all motility studies were performed partially or fully by the trainees, the median (range) annual numbers/per trainee were as follows: pH-monitoring 30 (1-500); pH/impedance 17 (1-131); standard manometries 10 (1-150); and high-resolution manometries 8 (1-75). The motility assessment was performed by pediatric gastroenterologists (43 centers); adult gastroenterologists (10 centers); pediatric surgeons (5 centers); and both pediatric gastroenterologists and pediatric surgeons (9 centers). Annual numbers =10 for pH-monitoring, pH/impedance, standard manometries and high-resolution manometries were reported by 7 (12%), 15 (23%), 11 (30%) and 14 (42%) centers, respectively Conclusions Significant differences exist in PNGM-related infrastructure, staff and procedural volumes at training centers across Europe. ESPGHAN and the National Societies should take initiatives to ensure the acquisition of competence in PNGM-related knowledge and skills, and develop strategies for assessment and accreditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Interpretation of Migration in the Family Reunification Jurisdiction of the European Court of the Human Rights.
- Author
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FRIEDERY, Réka
- Subjects
FAMILY reunification ,EUROPEAN Convention on Human Rights ,HUMAN rights ,JURISDICTION ,FAMILIES - Abstract
Family reunification or family reunion became a key form of migration towards Europe. Because there is no definite mention regarding the right to family reunification in the European Convention of Human Rights, the Court has the task to give guidelines in its judgements. The author argues that the Court's jurisprudence turned out to be very limited in its protection of migrants, and tried to conform the Member States' own migration policies with the right to respect for family life. The author highlights that the case law of family reunification developed with contradicting cases and this underlines the sensitive issue of migration in the immigration policy of the states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
38. Treatment of Focal-Onset Seizures in Children: Should This Be More Etiology-Driven?
- Author
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Aeby, Alec, Ceulemans, Berten, and Lagae, Lieven
- Subjects
SEIZURES (Medicine) ,EPILEPSY ,CHILDHOOD epilepsy ,MOLECULAR genetics ,DRUG marketing ,RARE diseases - Abstract
To accelerate the process of licensing antiseizure medication (ASM) in children, extrapolation of efficacy data for focal-onset seizures from adults to children ≥2 or ≥4 years of age is now accepted. We summarized the efficacy evidence from randomized, controlled trials that was used to grant approval for the pediatric indication of focal-onset seizures for the different ASMs available in Europe. Data from high-quality randomized, controlled trials in young children are limited, especially on the use of ASMs in monotherapy. Licensure trials are typically focused on seizure type irrespective of etiology or epilepsy syndrome. We elaborate on the importance of etiology- or syndrome-driven research and treatment, illustrating this with examples of childhood epilepsy syndromes characterized by predominantly focal-onset seizures. Some of these syndromes respond well to standard ASMs used for focal-onset seizures, but others would benefit from a more etiology- or syndrome-driven approach. Advances in molecular genetics and neuroimaging have made it possible to reveal the underlying cause of a child's epilepsy and tailor research and treatment. More high-quality randomized, controlled trials based on etiology or syndrome type are needed, including those assessing effects on cognition and behavior. In addition, study designs such as "N-of-1 trials" could elucidate possible new treatment options in rare epilepsies. Broadening incentives currently in place to stimulate the development and marketing of drugs for rare diseases (applicable to some epilepsy syndromes) to more common pediatric epilepsy types and syndromes might be a means to enable high-quality trials, and ultimately allow more evidence-based treatment in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Training in pediatric hepatology across Europe: a survey of the National Societies Network (2016-2019) of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.
- Author
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Papadopoulou, Alexandra, Ribes-Koninckx, Carmen, Noni, Maria, Koutri, Eleni, Karagiannia, Maria-Vasiliki, Protheroe, Sue, Guarino, Alfredo, Mas, Emmanuel, Wilschanski, Michael, Roman, Enriqueta, Escher, Johanna, Furlano, Raoul I., Posovszky, Carsten, Hoffman, Ilse, Veres, Gabor, Bronsky, Jiri, Hauer, Almuthe Christine, Tjesic-Drinkovic, Duska, Fotoulaki, Maria, and Orel, Rok
- Subjects
PEDIATRIC gastroenterology ,HEPATOLOGY ,PEDIATRIC surgeons ,NUTRITION - Abstract
Background The widely recognized burden of liver diseases makes training in pediatric hepatology (PH) imperative. The aim of this survey, which was part of a global survey on training in pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (PGHN) across Europe, was to assess the PH and liver transplantation (LT) infrastructure, staff and training programs in PGHN training centers. Method Standardized questionnaires were collected from training centers via the presidents/representatives of the National Societies Network of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) from June 2016 to December 2019. Results A total of 100 PGHN training centers participated in the survey (14/100 were national referral centers in PH and/or LT). Dedicated PH clinics were available in 75%, but LT clinics in only 11%. Dedicated beds for PGHN inpatients were available in 47/95 (49%) centers. Full-time or parttime specialists for PH care were available in 31/45 (69%) and 11/36 (31%) centers, respectively. Liver biopsies (LB) were performed in 93% of centers by: a PGHN specialist (35%); an interventional radiologist (26%); a pediatric surgeon (4%); or a combination of them (35%). Dividing the annual number of LBs in the centers performing LBs by the number of trainees gave a median (range) of 10 (1-125) per trainee. Transient elastography was available in 60/92 (65%) of centers. Conclusions The survey highlighted the differences and shortcomings in PH training across Europe. ESPGHAN should take initiatives together with National Societies to ensure the acquisition of PH knowledge and skills according to the ESPGHAN curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Comparison of Body Weight between Albanian Children and European Peers in Primary Schools.
- Author
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Jarani, Juel, Spahi, Andi, Vrenjo, Klotilda, and Ushtelenca, Keida
- Subjects
BODY weight ,SCHOOL children ,WEIGHT measurement ,OVERWEIGHT children - Abstract
One of the biggest health challenges today is controlling body weight gain which leads to overweight and obesity. In order to anticipate and monitor the possible problem of overweight/ obesity, this study was undertaken in Albanian children to identify the current status of body weight in primary schools and to compare the children of the same age in Europe for the weight status. A total of 1888 elementary school children (939 boys and 949 girls) aged 6-9 years old) were enrolled in this study. Body mass were measured using a Health O Meter 402 KL professional physician beam scale. The results from this scientific work show that boys in Albania have a higher body weight (p≤0.05) compared to girls (6-9 years). Comparative data from this study on body weight between Albanian and European children show that Albanian boys and girls in elementary school (ages 6-9) are ranked among the lower body weight children compared to European counterparts. This data would be a great help in creating a clear picture of the trends of body weight growth over the years in Albanian children. These data are very important for the consequences on public health given that overweight children have a tendency to become overweight adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The time is now: Achieving FH paediatric screening across Europe – The Prague Declaration.
- Author
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Bedlington, Nicole, Abifadel, Marianne, Beger, Birgit, Bourbon, Mafalda, Bueno, Héctor, Ceska, Richard, Cillíková, Kristýna, Cimická, Zdenka, Daccord, Magdalena, de Beaufort, Carine, Dharmayat, Kanika I., Ference, Brian A., Freiberger, Tomáš, Geanta, Marius, Gidding, Samuel S., Grošelj, Urh, Halle, Martin, Johnson, Neil, Novakovic, Tanja, and Májek, Ondrej
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,SELF-efficacy ,HEALTH policy ,FAMILIAL hypercholesterolemia ,PEDIATRICS ,PROFESSIONS ,EARLY diagnosis ,MEDICAL screening ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,QUALITY assurance ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most common inherited metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol and if left untreated leads to premature cardiovascular disease, such as heart attacks. Treatment that begins early in life, particularly in childhood, is highly efficacious in preventing cardiovascular disease and cost-effective, thus early detection of FH is crucial. However, in Europe, less than 10% of people living with FH are diagnosed and even less receive life-saving treatment. The Prague Declaration is a call to action for national and European Union policymakers and decision-makers and a result of the Czech EU Presidency meeting on FH Paediatric Screening (early detection of inherited high cholesterol) at the Czech Senate in Prague on 6th September 2022. It builds on a considerable body of evidence which was discussed at the Technical Meeting under the auspices of the Slovenian EU Presidency in October 2021. The Prague meeting addressed the outstanding barriers to the systematic implementation of FH paediatric screening across Europe. In this article, we present the key points from the Prague meeting and concrete actions needed to move forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The social role of pediatrics in the past and present times.
- Author
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Serra, Gregorio, Giuffrè, Mario, Piro, Ettore, and Corsello, Giovanni
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OCCUPATIONAL roles ,CHILDREN'S hospitals ,PEDIATRICS ,HOLISTIC medicine ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,PEDIATRICIANS ,MEDICAL schools ,CLINICAL competence ,QUALITY assurance ,INFANT mortality - Abstract
Pediatrics and society are closely related. This link is as old as the history of Pediatrics, and dates to the second half of the eighteenth century. The vocation of the first European pediatric schools, indeed, was clinical and scientific, as well as social. The founding fathers of Pediatrics were scientists of great talent, and many of them benefactors and philanthropists. They spent their lives assisting the suffering childhood, and became promoters and organizers of social securities for the poorest and most vulnerable categories. The attention to the problems of abandonment was closely linked to study, prevention, and treatment of pathologies (especially infectious, deficiency and neurological ones). The profile and activity of pediatricians grew in the following decades after the birth of the first pediatric schools. The University institutions contributed to provide a further impulse to childcare as well as cultural authority, also thanks to the foundation of the first chairs and scientific journals of Pediatrics. The relevance and prestige of the studies performed rapidly spread throughout Europe, and also reached our country, contributing to a progressive and relevant improvement in the quality of children's care, and in the meantime to the decrease of neonatal and infant mortality rates. Today's pediatricians, as in the past, must spend his efforts to face the needs of children and their families, be their social receptor, interpreter if necessary, and credible and authoritative interlocutor beside institutions. The current coronavirus pandemic dramatically exposed social inequalities and inequities. In this new scenario, the pediatrician's role of defender of all children becomes even more necessary and indispensable. Here we trace the historical steps which led to the birth and development of pediatrics, as independent medical discipline with ethical and social vocation. Its rise within the University institutions is analyzed, as well as the contribution of the greatest European and Italian masters. Finally, the role of today's pediatrician is described, his responsibilities also in dealing with new health critical issues, related to the biological, cultural, and psychological changes of the patients of present days. He must have holistic competences, to effectively take care of all children. In addition, he must socially act to guarantee the best possible context for the well-being of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Mortality in Europe.
- Author
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Macina, Denis and Evans, Keith E.
- Subjects
BORDETELLA pertussis ,ADULTS ,WHOOPING cough ,MEDICAL personnel ,SCHOOL children ,COUGH - Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough) epidemics persist globally despite high vaccine coverage among infants and young children. The resurgence of pertussis in high-income countries is partly due to waning vaccine immunity, resulting in a pool of unprotected adolescents and adults. However, pertussis is generally less severe in adolescents and adults, and this difference in presentation means it can often be unrecognised by healthcare professionals, meaning that it is largely under-diagnosed in older populations. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and BIOSIS was undertaken to identify studies published between 1 January 1990 and 17 June 2019, with information on pertussis epidemiology and mortality in school-aged children, adolescents and adults in Europe. A formal statistical comparison (e.g. using meta-analyses) was not possible because of the mix of methodologies reported. There were 69 epidemiological studies and 19 mortality studies identified for review. Over the past decade, the reported incidence of notified pertussis cases varied widely between European countries, which is likely associated with differences in surveillance systems, diagnostic techniques and reporting regulations. However, several studies show that pertussis is circulating among adolescents and adults in Europe, and although pertussis-related morbidity and mortality are highest in infants, there is evidence that adults aged > 50 years are at increased risk. For example, in a hospital-based surveillance study in Portugal, between 2000 and 2015, 94% of hospitalised pertussis cases were infants aged < 1 year, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.8%; however, among hospitalised adult cases of pertussis, the CFRs were 11.5% (aged 18–64 years) and 17.4% (aged > 65 years). Very few European countries currently include pertussis boosters for adults in the national immunisation strategy. In addition to increasing pertussis vaccination coverage in adolescents and adults, mitigation strategies in European countries should include improved diagnosis and treatment in these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Managing Work and Family: Insights From Europe and the United States.
- Author
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Parcel, Toby L.
- Subjects
FAMILY-work relationship ,ENDOWMENT of research ,FAMILY relations ,WORK ethic ,FAMILY research ,DOMESTIC relations ,INTERPERSONAL relations - Abstract
Dual-earner families in the United States and Europe struggle to balance the demands of work and family. These three books document these conflicts and, at times, propose solutions. They use quantitative and qualitative data to illuminate the demands and policies that should or could provide needed supports. They also inform theories relevant to work and family that are contemporary and more traditional. Data come from the United States, Great Britain, and Spain, thus adding a welcome comparative element to the evidence and perspectives in this area of scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Media use trajectories and risk of metabolic syndrome in European children and adolescents: the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort.
- Author
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Sina, Elida, Buck, Christoph, Veidebaum, Toomas, Siani, Alfonso, Reisch, Lucia, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pala, Valeria, Moreno, Luis A., Molnar, Dénes, Lissner, Lauren, Kourides, Yiannis, De Henauw, Stefaan, Eiben, Gabriele, Ahrens, Wolfgang, and Hebestreit, Antje
- Subjects
METABOLIC syndrome risk factors ,HEALTH policy ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SOCIAL media ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,RISK assessment ,SCREEN time ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INTERNET addiction ,VIDEO games ,LONGITUDINAL method ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Media use may influence metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. Yet, longitudinal studies are scarce. This study aims to evaluate the longitudinal association of childhood digital media (DM) use trajectories with MetS and its components. Methods: Children from Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden participating in the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort were examined at baseline (W1: 2007/2008) and then followed-up at two examination waves (W2: 2009/2010 and W3: 2013/2014). DM use (hours/day) was calculated as sum of television viewing, computer/game console and internet use. MetS z-score was calculated as sum of age- and sex-specific z-scores of four components: waist circumference, blood pressure, dyslipidemia (mean of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol
−1 ) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Unfavorable monitoring levels of MetS and its components were identified (cut-off: ≥ 90th percentile of each score). Children aged 2–16 years with ≥ 2 observations (W1/W2; W1/W3; W2/W3; W1/W2/W3) were eligible for the analysis. A two-step procedure was conducted: first, individual age-dependent DM trajectories were calculated using linear mixed regressions based on random intercept (hours/day) and linear slopes (hours/day/year) and used as exposure measures in association with MetS at a second step. Trajectories were further dichotomized if children increased their DM duration over time above or below the mean. Results: 10,359 children and adolescents (20,075 total observations, 50.3% females, mean age = 7.9, SD = 2.7) were included. DM exposure increased as children grew older (from 2.2 h/day at 2 years to 4.2 h/day at 16 years). Estonian children showed the steepest DM increase; Spanish children the lowest. The prevalence of MetS at last follow-up was 5.5%. Increasing media use trajectories were positively associated with z-scores of MetS (slope: β = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.20–0.88; intercept: β = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.02–0.13), and its components after adjustment for puberty, diet and other confounders. Children with increasing DM trajectories above mean had a 30% higher risk of developing MetS (slope: OR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.04–1.62). Boys developed steeper DM use trajectories and higher risk for MetS compared to girls. Conclusions: Digital media use appears to be a risk factor for the development of MetS in children and adolescents. These results are of utmost importance for pediatricians and the development of health policies to prevent cardio-metabolic disorders later in life. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN62310987. Registered 23 February 2018- retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. WHAT CHILDREN HAVE LOST BY THE MODERNISATION OF EDUCATION: A COMPARISON OF EXPERIENCES IN WESTERN EUROPE AND EASTERN ASIA.
- Author
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Numata, Hiroyuki
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The discovery of the proper value of childhood during the 18th century in Europe was an important break-through. People began to respect childhood as a sacred world that should not be judged from the standpoint of adults. However, in today' world many children are subjected to all kinds of physical and mental pain, including the so-called examination hell in some Asian countries. Children now live in a paradoxical situation. Theoretically they have obtained the right to enjoy their own world, approved and protected by adults, but in practice they cannot adapt themselves smoothly to the world mainly ruled by the logic of grown-ups. This paper argues that it is time to re-evaluate what has been lost under the slogan of modernisation. The solution is not simply to return to the pre-modern situation but rather to consider what elements from the past could be re-activated to the benefit of children today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Children as an Object of the Right-Wing Populist Politics and Discourse in Poland.
- Author
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Rakusa-Suszczewski, Mikołaj
- Subjects
RIGHT-wing extremists ,POPULISM ,NATIONALISM ,POLISH politics & government, 1989- - Abstract
In Central and Eastern Europe populist regimes are attracting attention as a result of the traumatic legacy of communism, the subsequent overburdening reforms and exhausting systemic transformation, resurgence of ever-lurking nationalism, regional conservatism, parochialism and cultural chauvinism, and/or as an example of the structural shortcomings of young democracies at the borders of civilization. The subject literature also indicates numerous and universal elements of populist governments, present as well in this part of Europe. Without prejudging the aptness and strength of these various concepts and arguments, this article is an attempt to include in these wideranging themes a particular issue that absorbs conservative populists, namely "childhood" and "children". While the problem of children in politics has already received numerous interpretations, the importance of childhood in the right-wing populist discourse and politics has so far remained an issue discussed only occasionally. We put forward the thesis that children play an important and specific role in the right-wing populist superstructure - they constitute an illusory picture of the nation, an allegory of its renewal, as well as a convenient, though inconsistently used, instrument for achieving political, ideological and propaganda goals. Attitudes towards children can be an important characteristic of populism as such, and should be taken into account in research on the subject. We will illustrate these problems using the example of Poland and the populist Law and Justice (PiS) Party that is in power there now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ethnic inequalities in child stunting and feeding practices: results from surveys in thirteen countries from Latin America.
- Author
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Gatica-Domínguez, Giovanna, Mesenburg, Marilia Arndt, Barros, Aluisio J. D., and Victora, Cesar G.
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ETHNIC groups ,GROWTH disorders ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,INFANT nutrition ,LANGUAGE & languages ,META-analysis ,POPULATION geography ,RACE ,SELF-evaluation ,SKIN ,STATURE ,SURVEYS ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HEALTH equity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of child stunting is falling in Latin America, socioeconomic inequalities persist. However, there is limited evidence on ethnic disparities. We aimed to describe ethnic inequalities of stunting and feeding practices in thirteen Latin American countries using recent nationally representative surveys. Methods: We analyzed national surveys carried out since 2006. Based on self-reported ethnicity, skin color or language, children were classified into three categories: indigenous/ afrodescendant/reference group (European or mixed ancestry). Stunting was defined as height (length)-for-age < − 2 standard deviations relative to WHO standards. Family wealth was assessed through household asset indices. We compared mean length/height-for-age and prevalence of stunting among the three ethnic groups. Results: Thirteen surveys had information on indigenous and seven on afrodescendants. In all countries, the average length/height-for-age was significantly lower for indigenous, and in eleven countries there were significant differences in the prevalence of stunting: the pooled crude stunting prevalence ratio between indigenous and the reference group was 1.97 (95% CI 1.89; 2.05); after adjustment for wealth and place of residence, prevalence remained higher among indigenous (PR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.28; 1.39) in eight countries. Indigenous aged 6–23 months were more likely to be breastfed, but with poor complementary feeding, particularly in terms of dietary diversity. Afrodescendants showed few differences in height, and in two countries tended to be taller compared to the reference group. Conclusions: In all Latin American countries studied, indigenous tended to be shorter and afrodescendants presented few differences with relation to the reference group. In order to reach the SDG's challenge of leaving no one behind, indigenous need to be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Using a mobile application to detect health needs among children and adolescents who are newly arrived migrants in Europe.
- Author
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Rath, B, Swenshon, S, Haase, K, Szeles, T, Jung, C, Jacobi, F, and Myles, P
- Subjects
COMMUNICABLE diseases ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants ,IMMUNIZATION ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MEDICAL records ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,TELEMEDICINE ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,THEMATIC analysis ,MOBILE apps ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,NON-communicable diseases ,EVALUATION ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background Unprecedented numbers of migrants have arrived in Europe, including children and adolescents. Little is known about their unique health needs. Prospective data collection has been sparse. Mobile applications may help to facilitate global health surveillance. Methods A pre-validated survey instrument was converted into a mobile application covering self-reported exposures and disruptions of healthcare before/during migration, communicable and non-communicable diseases. Participation was voluntary, anonymous and confidential. Results Data were obtained from 405 migrant children and adolescents in Berlin, Germany, between 7 October 2015 and 15 March 2016 (median age 19 years, range: 1–24; 80.7% males) with the majority from Syria (62.5%), Afghanistan (9.1%) and Iraq (8.2%). In total, 55% were without family, 64% registered asylum-seekers with access to healthcare; 54% had seen a doctor since arrival, with colds or respiratory complaints (37.5 and 13.6%), followed by pain (26.7%) gastrointestinal (12.4%) and skin problems (11.1%). Underlying conditions were reported in 15.6%, predominantly asthma. Overall, 73% reported being up-to date on immunizations, but only 22% held a vaccination record with 46.4% having lost it during migration. Conclusions The lack of medical and immunization records among newly arrived migrants provides a challenge to healthcare systems. Mobile applications offer rapid screening tools in times of crisis, helping stakeholders with timely information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Cultural effects on neurodevelopmental testing in children from six European countries: an analysis of NUTRIMENTHE Global Database.
- Author
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Pérez-García, Miguel, Luna, Juan de Dios, Torres-Espínola, Francisco J., Martínez-Zaldívar, Cristina, Anjos, Tania, Steenweg-de Graaff, Jolien, Weber, Martina, Grote, Veit, Gruszfeld, Dariusz, Verduci, Elvira, Poncelet, Pascale, Escribano, Joaquín, Tiemeier, Henning, Koletzko, Berthold, and Campoy, Cristina
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,CHILD development ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,DIET ,GESTATIONAL age ,MATERNAL age ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,SEX distribution ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Cultural background is an important variable influencing neuropsychological performance. Multinational projects usually involve gathering data from participants from different countries and/or different cultures. Little is known about the influence of culture on neuropsychological testing results in children and especially in European children. The objectives of this study were to compare neuropsychological performance of children from six European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland and Spain) using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and to apply a statistical procedure to reduce the influence of country/cultural differences in neuropsychological performance. As expected, the results demonstrated differences in neuropsychological performance among children of the six countries involved. Cultural differences remained after adjusting for other confounders related to neuropsychological execution, such as sex, type of delivery, maternal age, gestational age and maternal educational level. Differences between countries disappeared and influence of culture was considerably reduced when standardised scores by country and sex were used. These results highlight the need for developing specific procedures to compare neuropsychological performance among children from different cultures to be used in multicentre studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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