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Scheduling strategies are important to improve network efficiency and optimize time slots for both high-speed train (HST) and air travel. Although many scholars have studied HST and air travel competition from the perspectives of the spatial patterns and travel costs of the two transportation modes, few studies have investigated their potential temporal competition. To fill this research gap, this paper uses a time window method to examine the relationship between HSTs and flights operating between city-pairs. From the perspective of departure time, an analysis was conducted in the overlapping network of HSTs and flights at the city-pair level in China, based on one-day schedules. The results show that (1) HSTs and flights were temporally scheduled differently according to their within-day dynamics, and (2) HSTs and flights experienced fierce competition from 7 am to 9 am on average. Furthermore, the proposed classification method identifies city-pairs in a single-mode dominant market, full competition market, partial competition market, and complementary coordination market. Spatially, 24 city-pairs operating 343 flights with 533 train competitors in one day formed the full competition market with high-frequency schedules, including such city-pairs as Beijing-Shanghai, Guangzhou-Shanghai, and Shanghai-Xi’an. The method to classify city-pairs according to the similarity and diversity of HST and flight schedules may be generalized for allocating time slots for two modes. This work may help to schedule HSTs and flights in future transportation management.

The Chinese longsnout catfish (长吻鮠是中国重要的淡水经济鱼类之一，近年来，由于人工捕捞、水利工程修建等影响，野生长吻鮠资源衰减，数量急剧减少。作为进行性别二态性、比较生物学和保护生物学研究的有价值的模型，目前这一物种还缺乏用于比较基因组和进化分析的高质量染色体水平的参考基因组。因此，我们构建了首个长吻鮠高质量的染色体水平参考基因组。基因组大小为703.19 Mb，包含389个contigs，contig N50长度为4.29 Mb。利用高通量染色体构象捕获(Hi-C)数据，将685.53 Mb的基因组序列锚定到26条染色体上，长度为17.36~43.97 Mb，基因组的染色体锚定率为97.44%。长吻鮠基因组中共鉴定出23708个蛋白质编码基因、239.11 Mb重复序列（占全基因组的33.99%）和6303个非编码RNA。系统发育分析表明，长吻鮠和其亲缘关系最近的黄颡鱼大约在2660万年前开始分化。该研究获得的首个长吻鮠高质量参考基因组为今后的基因组比较和进化研究奠定了基础。.

Background: As promotion of the Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health 2016-2020 and the Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan, healthy ageing becomes a hot pot. It is crucial to identify health status of senior women and acquire characteristics of them. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the health of women aged 50-70 in Hunan Province of China, come out coping strategy and prompt an active discussion for healthy ageing.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 communities randomly selected from 5 sampled districts and 5counties in Hunan Province. A self-designed and structured questionnaire was used, included demographic data, diseases-related information, self-reported health, health behaviors, and psychological health. The data was collected by well-trained workers, double-entered into EpiData 3.0 and analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results: Among the 2585 senior women, 51.0% was chronic diseases, 49.6% was gynecopathy and 23.6% was mastopathy. Age [OR=1.394, 95% CI=(1.63-1.670)], household type [OR=1.700, 95% CI=(1.416-2.042)], BMI [OR=1.194, 95% CI=(1.043-1.367)], average monthly household income [OR=0.884, 95% CI=(0.809-0.965)] and self-reported physical health [OR=4.659, 95% CI=(3.913-5.546)] were significantly associated with chronic diseases. Age [OR=0.668, 95% CI=(0.564-0.792)], household type [OR=1.335, 95% CI=(1.094-1.629)], occupation [OR=1.045, 95% CI=(1.002-1.090)], average monthly household income [OR=1.243, 95% CI=(1.143-1.352)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.748, 95% CI=(1.510-2.024)] were significantly associated with gynecopathy. Age [OR=0.749, 95% CI=(0.616-0.910)], household type [OR=1.603, 95% CI=(1.269-2.026)], occupation [OR=1.057, 95% CI=(1.009-1.108)], average monthly household income [OR=1.233, 95% CI=(1.127-1.350)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.272, 95% CI=(1.077-1.502)] were significantly associated with mastopathy. Age [OR=0.778, 95% CI=(0.645-0.939)], household type [OR=2.090, 95% CI=(1.733-2.520)], and BMI [OR=1.218, 95% CI=(1.061-1.399)] were significantly associated with exposure to secondhand smoke. Age [OR=0.829, 95% CI=(0.701-0.980)] and occupation [OR=0.956, 95% CI=(0.923-0.990)] were significantly associated with regular physical examinations. Household type [OR=0.642, 95% CI=(0.398-1.035)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.983, 95% CI=(1.340-2.935)] were significantly associated with anxiety.Conclusion: This cross-sectional study shows good description as an appropriate investigation for the identification of women aged 50-70 with certain diseases, health behaviors and psychological health problems in a representative and community-conducted sample of women in Hunan Province of China. It discloses their poor health status.

Dairy production using dairy breed in China initiated in 1840s, while beef production using yellow cattle can be dated back to 8000BC. Currently the total cattle inventory in China is about 108 million heads, in which about 1.4% being dairy cattle (mainly Holstein), 55% being beef (yellow) cattle (including some crossbred), and the rest being buffalo and yak. As the third largest beef production country and third largest dairy production country, rapid genetic improvement of cattle production in China has been achieved during the last 60 years. A Chinese dairy breeding system, including registration, performance testing for milk production, fertility, and health traits, linear type classification, and genetic evaluation, has been established although further integration is needed. In addition, a genomic selection platform based on Chinese Holstein reference population was established and has been implemented since 2012. The national average mature equivalent 305d lactation milk yield over all testing herds reached 6400 kg in 2016, while it was around 3000kg 30 years ago. Simmental, Angus, Limousine and Charolaise are the main breeds involved in crossbreed system in beef production in China. Simmental coming from European countries is used as dual purpose cattle in China. A beef reference population consisting of mainly beef type Simmental has been under construction since 2009, and a test run of genomic selection for beef type Simmental was accomplished in 2017. Researches related to design of breeding scheme, genetic evaluation, methodologies in genomic prediction and whole genome association study, identification of genes related to economically important traits in both dairy and beef have been conducted for decades and largely supported by the Chinese central government. Standardized registration procedure, centralized data collection system, regular publication of official genetic and genomic evaluation with enhanced accuracy are the main target of Chinese cattle breeding system in the near future.

Background— Substantial evidence-practice gaps exist in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in China. Clinical pathways are tools for improving ACS quality of care but have not been rigorously evaluated. Methods and Results— Between October 2007 and August 2010, a quality improvement program was conducted in 75 hospitals throughout China with mixed methods evaluation in a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Eligible hospitals were level 2 or level 3 centers routinely admitting >100 patients with ACS per year. Hospitals were assigned immediate implementation of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline based clinical pathways or commencement of the intervention 12 months later. Outcomes were several key performance indicators reflecting the management of ACS. The key performance indicators were measured 12 months after commencement in intervention hospitals and compared with baseline data in control hospitals, using data collected from 50 consecutive patients in each hospital. Pathway implementation was associated with an increased proportion of patients discharged on appropriate medical therapy, with nonsignificant improvements or absence of effects on other key performance indicators. Conclusions— Among hospitals in China, the use of a clinical pathway for the treatment of ACS compared with usual care improved secondary prevention treatments, but effectiveness was otherwise limited. An accompanying process evaluation identified several health system barriers to more successful implementation. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/default.aspx . Unique identifier: ACTRN12609000491268.

MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to have a role in susceptibility and prognosis of various types of human cancer. We investigated the association between polymorphisms in miR-146aG>C, miR-196a2C>T, and miR-499A>G and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk and interaction with HCC and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Two hundred sixty-six cases with HCC and 281 health controls were enrolled in the present study. Genotyping of the miR-146aG>C, miR-196a2C>T, and miR-499A>G genotypes was conducted by duplex polymerase chain reaction with the confronting two-pair primer (PCR–RFLP). Subjects with miR-146a GG and G allele had an increased risk of HCC compared with the homozygote CC genotype. Similarly, HCC patients carrying microRNA (miRNA)-196a2 computed tomography, TT, and T allele significantly decreased the risk of HCC relative to the CC genotype. Stratified analysis indicated that miR-196a2C>T polymorphism was associated with reduced risk of HBV-related HCC, but not in hepatitis C virus- and nonviral-related HCC cases. In conclusion, miR-146aG>C and miR-196a2C>T polymorphism are associated with risk of HCC patients in China, especially in patients with HBV infection. SNPs in miRNA sequences can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for HCC.