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Background: Toxicity concerns persist in the fields of public health, environmental science, and pharmacology. The intricate and vital role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in influencing toxicity and overall human health has gained increasing recognition in recent years. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to evaluate the global scientific output, emerging trends, and research focal points in the area of gastrointestinal microbiome and toxicity. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection database was retrieved for publications on the gastrointestinal microbiome and toxicity from 1980 to 2022. Our analysis included scholarly research papers written in English and excluded duplicate publications. We used Biblioshiny and R to summarize the count and citation metrics of included articles, and visualized research trends and keywords. CiteSpace was used to identify reference literature, keywords, and citation bursts. VOSviewer was used to visualize the network of related countries, institutions, authors, co-cited authors, and keywords. Results: A total of 2,140 articles were included, allowing us to identify significant countries, institutions, authors, and research focal points. Our results indicate a growing trend in the field, with China and the United States leading the research. The most productive journal in this area is Science of the Total Environment. Key findings revealed that research hotspots have shifted from drugs to environmental pollutants, emphasizing microplastics. Important mechanisms studied include oxidative stress, metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis, with target organs being the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and brain. Furthermore, we highlight the rising significance of the gut-brain axis and the usage of zebrafish as a model organism. Conclusion: Despite certain limitations, such as focusing solely on Englishlanguage publications and excluding unpublished literature, our findings provide valuable insights into the current state of research on toxicity and the gastrointestinal microbiome. In the future, modifications to the gastrointestinal microbiome could offer new directions for treating and mitigating toxicity. These discoveries provide a comprehensive perspective on the broader scope of this research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important players in the complex pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS). Recent studies have shown that tremendous progress has been made in the research of MMPs in IS. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is lacking in this research field. This study aimed to introduce the research status as well as hotspots and explore the field of MMPs in IS from a bibliometric perspective. Methods: This study collected 1,441 records related to MMPs in IS from 1979 to 2022 in the web of science core collection (WoSCC) database, among them the first paper was published in 1992. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R package "bibliometrix" software were used to analyze the publication type, author, institution, country, keywords, and other relevant data in detail, and made descriptive statistics to provide new ideas for future clinical and scientific research. Results: The change in the number of publications related to MMPs in IS can be divided into three stages: the first stage was from 1992 to 2012, when the number of publications increased steadily; the second stage was from 2013 to 2017, when the number of publications was relatively stable; the third stage was from 2018 to 2022, when the number of publications began to decline. The United States and China, contributing more than 64% of publications, were the main drivers for research in this field. Universities in the United States were the most active institutions and contributed the most publications. STROKE is the most popular journal in this field with the largest publications as well as the most co-cited journal. Rosenberg GA was the most prolific writer and has the most citations. "Clinical," "Medical," "Neurology," "Immunology" and "Biochemistry molecular biology" were the main research areas of MMPs in IS. "Molecular regulation," "Metalloproteinase-9 concentration," "Clinical translation" and "Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion" are the primary keywords clusters in this field. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study that comprehensively mapped out the knowledge structure and development trends in the research field of MMPs in IS in recent 30 years, which will provide a reference for scholars studying this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of people moving within the United States is at one of its lowest points in U.S. history, while China has experienced unprecedented levels of domestic migration. While both are world-leading economies, these countries demonstrate stark contrasts in geographic mobility, urbanization, and economic growth. Despite these differences, social factors affect migration capabilities in both places, with some people more mobile than others. This study assesses internal migration and highlights the structural and social determinants of mobility in both countries. This article's analysis reveals an accentuated downturn and the longest annual decline recorded in the U.S. Evidence shows declining internal migration in the U.S. primarily occurring at the local level and amongst renters. Large and expensive American cities have had significant losses of residents in recent years. By contrast, China's "floating population" has increased as migrants move to cities. This study examines trends from 2010 to 2020 to compare the two countries regarding internal migration, urbanization, housing, social mobility, and economic growth. However, rather than simply comparing them, the paper argues that the internal migration dynamics in both countries are, to a degree, connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two of the biggest issues in international politics today are climate change and the ongoing power transition between the United States and China. However, very few works examine the way these issues interact with each other. This paper attempts to resolve this by integrating climate change into power transition theory (PTT), which attempts to capture the behavior of states in the midst of transition to or from global power. This paper first analyzes the literatures on the (tenuous) links between environmental degradation and interstate conflict as well as PTT. Opportunities for integration are then examined, especially focusing on climate change's impact on the central variables of power and state satisfaction. These theoretical links are then applied to the looming US-Sino transition and highlight how climate change opens up new arenas of great power competition, exacerbates tensions and impacts relative power in unpredictable ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With Indo-Pacific being the stage for US-China strategic influence, South East Asia's geopolitical scenario is likely to be transformed considerably. By declaring India as a Net Security Provider, the US has backed its outreach in the region by officially adjoining Pacific and Indian Oceans as the Indo-Pacific region. Major countries of the region including China, Russia, India, and Pakistan are in the phase of diversifying and reconfiguring their relationships. Within this scenario, Pakistan and India are likely to pursue their strategic interests that take them in opposite directions. While the US endows India with its strategic partner status, CPEC in Pakistan has emerged as a litmus test for China's BRI. The contestation is to have a direct bearing on the strategic matrix of South Asia generally and Pakistan particularly. This qualitative research under the framework of realist/neo-realist and complex interdependence's assumptions undertakes to account for this Sino-US strategic convergence and competition that is leading to a security dilemma in South Asia with implications for Pakistan. It concludes cooperation between the US and China is to enhance Pakistan's security both internal and external while competition is to erode it. Alongside, this paper formulates some policy options for Pakistan's decisionmakers for ensuring the security and socio-economic development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the study of The Joy Luck Club cannot get rid of the words "cultural conflict between the East and the West", "post-colonial feminism", "Chinese identity", "mother-daughter relationship". And Tan's The Joy Luck Club on the surface seems to write about the mode of getting along with mothers and daughters and their difficult life under the conflicts of the two cultural backgrounds between China and the United States. But making a deep analysis, the family formed by them has a unique family model, and in addition to Chinese and Western cultural conflicts and other factors that affect these four families, there is also the traumatic memory of the mothers and daughters. This paper attempts to analyze the traumas of four couples of mothers and daughters in the novel, explore the sources of these traumas. Furthermore, it will explore the impact of these traumas on the relationship between mothers and daughters, and then find out what kind of family model will be formed by the traumatized mothers and daughters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world of growing international competition and rivalry between China and the United States, Latin America and the European Union (EU) are caught in the same thorny dilemma. Positioned between these global giants, both regions are facing a retorn to a Westphalian system of nation-states, which undermines their roles as emerging regional players. In view of these new global challenges in Latin America and the EU, this paper uses a qualitative and comparative approach to explore foreign policy discourses on autonomy in both regions. It examines their goals and priorities and assesses the potential regional and interregional consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Bank today faces parallel challenges to its operations and governance. The institution has since its founding provided financing on favourable terms to developing country governments to support national development efforts. Alongside these country demands, there are now calls for a new set of mandates and activities associated with global public goods. Advocates would have the Bank allocate large sums toward climate mitigation, pandemic response and preparedness, and other activities that may or may not align with national priorities in developing countries. The ability of the World Bank to strike an appropriate balance between country demands and global goods depends on the institution's shareholders. Yet, the deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the United States and China now threatens to undermine effective governance at the institution. This paper considers the challenge of competing demands on World Bank resources and the degree to which a resolution could depend on an agreement between the United States and China, one that sets the strategic direction of the institution and addresses the growing impasse on the question of China's shareholding in the Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines what kind of political, institutional arrangements and the behavior of political actors under these arrangements become the stabilizing or destabilizing factors of a country's diplomatic balancing between the United States and China. Specifically, I describe the domestic politics of Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Singapore in terms of their responses to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promoted by the Xi Jinping administration. The analysis reveals the following points. First, in all of these countries, the growing presence of China has increased the number of stakeholders in policymaking toward China, and domestic politics regarding policymaking toward China have become more contentious. Second, as a result, each country faces the risk of internalizing its foreign policy toward China, especially on issues related to sovereignty and domestic corruption, thereby destabilizing previously balanced diplomacy between the United States and China. Third, in dealing with such risks, countries with winner-takes-all presidential systems (e.g., South Korea and Indonesia) face difficulties in controlling the internalization of diplomacy, while countries with institutional frameworks that can control destabilizing factors, such as public opinion and corruption (e.g., Japan, Vietnam, and Singapore) are characterized by the relative ease with which they can maintain balanced diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the risks of an over-concentration of supply chains in one country. It has motivated stakeholders to pursue diversification strategies. However, a paradox exists. Stakeholders have shied away from a complete decoupling and preferring to selectively enhance economic ties with China. This article explores this paradox by examining supply chain concentration in China as a form of asymmetric interdependence and the countermeasures from the U.S., Japan, Australia, and India to minimize vulnerabilities. It argues that while the COVID-19 disruptions have brought to light the risk of supply chain overconcentration in China, countermeasures are also driven by coercive diplomacy and the deepening U.S.-China rivalry. The paper also examines the feasibility of diversification efforts by focusing on the capacity and capabilities of alternative supply chain hubs. It finds that while states are actively seeking ways to prevent China from using asymmetric interdependence of supply chains and trade to gain political leverage, there are structural limits to the degree of diversification in the short to mid-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Sino-American relations of the Donald Trump era were perceived as predominately confrontational, with a symbolic trade war between the two, the scale of economic interdependencies between the United States and China results in either a need for collaboration or in serious losses on both sides in the case of lack of cooperation. The paper aims at analyzing economic relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China at the time of the Trump presidency. Analysis is based on the complex interdependence theory of Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. The main hypothesis analyzed in the paper states: Asymmetric interdependence between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America limits the scope, intensity and length of a trade war. For the sake of the paper, economic interdependence will be analyzed. Apart from the reference to the state of the art, the document analysis and descriptive statistics are to be applied in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "digital divide" refers to the gap between those people who have access to information and communication technologies (computer, cellphones, especially smart phones, digital hardware, software and internet) and those who don't. Literature show that digital divide has been explored extensively in different perspectives. The main objective of the current study is to look at the bibliometric examination of research output on the "Digital Divide" literature published in the Web of Science from 1999 to 2021, using bibliometric and visualization techniques. Initially, minimum number of 14 keywords occurrences are selected in which 70 keywords out of 5127 finalized. For the Keywords analysis VOS-viewer were used. Five keywords "Digital Divide", "Internet", "ICT", "Digital Inequalities" and "Digital Literacy" truly represent the nature of the current research. Finally, 2443 documents on "Digital Divide" indexed in the Web of Science database were analyzed, including Articles, Proceeding papers, Reviews, and book Chapters. Among all of them the most occurring document is Article (1632). For data analysis and bibliometric indicator extraction, the bibliometric method based on the R package, Excel, MS-Access, and VOS-viewer software packages were used. This study reveals the research work, productivity and publication of different authors on Digital Divide. Further, this work provided some pertinent information about the most productive countries, organizations, and authors, preferred types of researcher's sources and authorship collaboration in Digital Divide research as well as prominent research's citations and their use. Similarly, based on the data collected, the focus was on top-ranked publications. Leading countries, institutes, journals, articles, authorships, keywords, collaborative research networks, leading scholars, and keywords were all included in the analysis. Results show that the article "The digital divide as a complex and dynamic phenomenon" published in 2003 have the highest citation 546 published in the journal "Information Society". It reveals that most of the articles on "Digital Divide" included in the current study have reasonable citation because the least cited article among top 20 had 216 citations. Further, collaboration of two authors, closely followed by one, three and four authors has been found regarding the publications on"Digital Divide". Among top 20 most productive countries on "Digital Divide", USA is the most productive country with 780 documents, followed by England and Spain with 186 and 161 respectively. Similarly, when looking at the leading research institutions "Tilburg University" appeared one of the highest productive institute have "Tilburg University" leads the research institute list with 26 publications in this area. Most prolific author in this field is "Jams J", who published 23 articles. The highest bilateral collaboration has been observed between the United States and China. This study emphasis on the patterns of scholarly communication in the digital divide research. These trends would benefit scholars from a variety of fields by identifying the core areas, main authors, and core publications that produce this content. It also encourages scholars to do collaborative and multidisciplinary research on the digital divide in order to gain deep and practical knowledge.Leading countries, institutes, journals, articles, authorships, keywords, collaborative research networks, leading scholars, and a three-factor analysis of leading countries, institutions, and keywords were all highlighted in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the US-China conflict intensifies, the United States is pursuing a 'decoupling' strategy to build a new world trade order, arguing that the current World Trade Organization (WTO) system does not properly regulate China's non-market economic system. The WTO provides special and differentiated treatment (S&DT) for developing countries. The United States argues that China should give up its developing country (DC) status. Sufficient research on the DC status and S&DT has not been conducted as a means of resolving the US-China conflict. Decoupling means the collapse of the global supply chain (GSC), which will bring substantial shock to the global economy and a catastrophe for China. This paper examines the re-classification of DC status and S&DT in the context of US-China conflict and seeks an approach for China to avoid decoupling and coexist with the United States. It would be an optimal way for China to revive the WTO first and to improve its economic system through negotiations under the WTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales (1699-3950) is the property of Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, International Relations Studies Group (GERI) Law Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In India, Information technology (IT) has revolutionised organisational information activities in research and academic libraries. India has the third largest university system, after the United States and China. Academic libraries and information centres serve as important sources of valuable records that aid in meeting society's information demands. In modern settings, these centres are frequently outfitted with cutting-edge IT tools to help in information acquisition, dissemination, and access to resources housed in remote archives that were previously unavailable. To this end, it is impossible to emphasise the role of IT in university libraries in India in serving their clients' scholarly needs. Space availability, technological know-how, skilled IT labour, finance, and maintenance culture are all factors to consider while establishing fully working IT compliant libraries. Following these considerations, the perception of IT resources and the availability of proper training for prospective users of these tools could offer substantial issues. Finally, this research paper discusses a number of issues that may have an impact on the full deployment of IT services in academic libraries. As a result, it is suggested that study be conducted to discover which of these characteristics play the most important roles in the transition from a paper-based system to a completely automated IT-driven academic library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Faculty of Economics in East Sarajevo / Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Istočnom Sarajevu is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The digital transformation of the global economy and society has accelerated after the Covid-19 pandemic. The European Union (EU), compared to China and the United States, is losing its capacity for innovation and control over data and fundamental raw materials and could even lose ground in the regulatory power it has in the digital realm. This paper pays special attention to the situation and progress toward a new European policy to achieve digital strategic autonomy. It also briefly outlines the Recovery Plan for Europe as a possible incentive for its promotion. Both descriptive and analytical methods were employed to gather the data from secondary sources and provide reliable research results. The major findings of this article are that strategic autonomy is an imperative requirement for sustaining and encouraging European integration, forcing the EU to advance faster toward developing critical digital technologies. There is also an urgent need to secure critical parts of supply chains and data protection, intellectual property, and defense against disinformation. Finally, the European Union must improve its resilience to face new crises and lead the digitalization of its economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address literature on U.S.-China hegemonic competition, this paper examines the properties of China among select Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) states which pertain to the features of hegemony per world-systems analysis and how it compares to the United States and regional powers Brazil and South Africa. I demonstrate that Beijing has made significant progress propagating its modus operandi by way of greater yuan use and imposing its legal code on examined BRI states, economic dominance through besting competitors in exports to these states, achieving an overall trade surplus as well as setting up free-trade zones to maintain and enhance this, and establishing a stream of revenue from examined states via high-interest, short-term loans, income from projects, and trade surpluses. In military dominance, China has made gains in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Pakistan. Meanwhile, Washington remains dominant in Peru, and, with Paris, more culturally dominant in SSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an invaluable tool to manage land use, land consolidation has been widely used globally, promoting rural revitalization in the context of the current global rural decline. A comprehensive analysis of land consolidation and rural revitalization will help to promote rural development and poverty alleviation and achieve the goals of rural revitalization and regional sustainable development. Based on publications on land consolidation and rural revitalization from 1950 to 2021 in the Web of Science database, this study analyzes the research status, characteristics, regional divides, and evolution laws in land consolidation and rural revitalization using the Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny software packages. The results are as follows: (1) The number of publications per year on land consolidation and rural revitalization increased. According to the publication number, this period can be divided into three stages: the initial stage from 1950 to 2000, the growth stage from 2001 to 2012, and the high-production stage from 2013 to 2021. (2) From 1950 to 2021, 1715 authors published papers on land consolidation and rural revitalization. (3) Respective studies were published by authors in 89 countries or regions, mainly China, the United States, and Poland. Of these, China and the United States played an important role in international cooperation. (4) The keywords in land consolidation and rural revitalization were related to (i) technical efficiency and agricultural production, (ii) the impacts of policy management and systems, and land fragmentation; (iii) the impacts of land consolidation on land use transition against the background of urbanization; (iv) the evaluation of land consolidation. (5) Research on land consolidation has evolved from management over methods and models to land consolidation and regional consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of life of diabetic patients is seriously affected by wound healing difficulty, which can lead to increased infection, skin deep tissue injury and continuous pain. By analyzing the research trends and hot spots in this field, the visualization analysis map is constructed. Methods: The contents of the selected articles were sorted out and analyzed by bibliometrics. We use CiteSpace, Vosviewer and HistCite to visualize literature information, including national publication statistics, institutions, authors, journal partnerships, and citations of published articles. Results: Among the 2942 articles, the United States and China ranked first in both article circulation and TGCS, and many countries also cooperated. The collaboration between schools and research institutions is a core part of dissertation research institution collaboration, with most authors coming from the same institution. Most of the literature studies on the mechanisms and methods of promoting diabetic wound healing. Improving cell function or making innovative attempts in local treatment are the fruits of researchers' efforts to promote diabetic wound healing in recent years. Conclusion: Through the metrology method, the time distribution, author institution, cooperation network, research status, research hotspot and development trend of the literature on the influence of diabetes on wound healing were intuitively displayed, which provided a reference for further research and development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability has gained significant importance for organizations, highlighting the crucial role of business leaders in addressing environmental degradation. However, the connection between chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics and environmental sustainability remains understudied in academic literature. Understanding this relationship is crucial, considering the significance of environmental sustainability in organizational strategies. This paper presents the first systematic literature review (SLR) on this topic, aiming to identify gaps and opportunities for future research. The SLR analysed 139 studies on the CEO–environmental sustainability relationship. The findings indicate a recent increase in research activity, particularly peaking in 2022 and focusing on China and the United States. Most studies employed upper echelons theory and examined the influence of CEO demographic characteristics on environmental performance. However, less attention has been given to CEO psychological traits, such as personality and ethical leadership, and environmental disclosure. Furthermore, qualitative aspects of environmental disclosure, including reporting tone, readability and specificity, have received less attention. The findings offer valuable insights for academics, practitioners and policymakers. Recommendations for future research include exploring the impact of CEO psychological traits and environmental disclosure on a firm's environmental sustainability. Additionally, studying cross‐country and cross‐industry differences in this relationship is encouraged. This study makes a significant contribution to the field by shedding light on the crucial and relevant topic of environmental sustainability and its association with CEO characteristics, providing valuable insights to guide future research and inform decision‐makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One million international students study in the United States each year, and the majority of them compete in global labor markets after graduation. I conducted a large-scale field experiment and a companion employer survey to study how employers in China value U.S. college education. I sent more than 27,000 fictitious online applications to business and computer science jobs in China, randomizing the country of college education. I find that U.S.-educated applicants are on average 18% less likely to receive a callback than applicants educated in China, with applicants from very selective U.S. institutions underperforming those from the least selective Chinese institutions. The United States-China callback gap is smaller at high-wage jobs, consistent with employers fearing U.S.-educated applicants have better outside options and would be harder to hire and retain. The gap is also smaller at foreign-owned firms, consistent with Chinese-owned firms knowing less about American education. Controlling for high school quality, test scores, or U.S. work experiences does not attenuate the gap, suggesting that the gap is not driven by employer perceptions of negative selection. A survey of 507 hiring managers at college career fairs finds consistent and additional supporting evidence for the experimental findings. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Industrial Relations Section at Princeton University and the Prize Fellowship in Social Sciences awarded by Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4745. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies the association between the Sino-U.S. bilateral relation (BR) and Bitcoin price (BCP) by applying the bootstrap full- and sub-sample Granger causality tests. It reveals that BR has positive and negative effects on BCP. The negative impact points out that Bitcoin is viewed as a tool to avoid uncertainties caused by the deterioration of BR, also proving that the strained relation between China and the U.S. can stimulate the Bitcoin market. However, this opinion is not held under a positive impact, the main explanation is that the burst of bubble weakens its ability to hedge risks. The above conclusion is not consistent with the theoretical model, underlining that the Bitcoin market is boosted by the deterioration of BR. Conversely, there is a negative influence from BCP to BR, meaning that the relationship between China and the U.S. can be reflected by the Bitcoin market. Under the complex and volatile international situation, investors can benefit from this investigation to compensate for the losses and keep their wealth. Also, it helps the related authorities to create a stable investment environment and promote friendly bilateral relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Costs from switching suppliers can affect prices by discouraging buyer movements from high- to low-cost sellers. This paper uses confidential data on U.S. importers and their Chinese exporters to investigate these costs. I find barriers to supplier adjustments: nearly half of importers keep their partner over time. Importers switch less if their supplier offers higher quality or provides lower prices. I propose and structurally estimate a dynamic discrete choice model to compute switching costs. Cost estimates are large, heterogeneous across products, and matter for trade prices: halving switching costs reduces the U.S.-China Import Price Index by 7.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respect for patients' autonomy is usually considered to be an important ethical principle in Western countries; privacy is one of the implications of such respect. Healthcare professionals frequently encounter ethical dilemmas during their practice. The past few decades have seen an increased use of courts to resolve intractable ethical dilemmas across both the developed and the developing world. However, Chinese and American bioethics differ largely due to the influence of Chinese Confucianism and Western religions, respectively, and there is a dearth of comparative studies that explore cases of ethical dilemmas between China and the United States.Methods: This paper discusses four typical cases with significant social impact. First, it compares two cases concerning patient privacy: the "Shihezi University Hospital Case", in which a patient was used as a clinical teaching object without her permission, and the "New York-Presbyterian Hospital Case", in which the hospital allowed the filming of a patient's treatment without his consent. Second, it compares two cases regarding patient autonomy and potentially life-saving medical procedures: the "Case of Ms. L", concerning a cohabitant's refusal to sign a consent form for a pregnant woman's caesarean, and the "Case of Mrs. V", concerning a hospital's insistence upon a blood transfusion for a dissenting patient. This paper introduces the supporting and opposing views for each case and discusses their social impact. It then compares and analyses the differences between China and the United States from cultural and legislative perspectives.Conclusions: Ethical dilemmas have often occurred in China due to the late development of bioethics. However, the presence of bioethics earlier in the US than in China has not spared the US of ethical dilemmas. This paper highlights lessons and inspiration from the cases for healthcare professionals and introduces readers to the role and weight of privacy and autonomy in China and in the US from the perspectives of different cultures, religions and laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a model for the restructuring of national economies for the purpose of achieving optimal growth under conditions of decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The discussion combines input-output and factorial-decomposition models, and applies projected gradient and factor analysis to find the optimal structural changes that serve all three goals. A comparative analysis of the economies of the United States and China, including opportunities for cooperative restructuring, serves as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the assistance of the corpus analysis tool Wmatrix 4.0, this paper analyzes the semantic categories of the top 10 commercial banks of China and the United States to figure out their social-cultural behavior in the Internet business context. It is discovered that both common and distinctive identities were constructed: the common identities include the professional financial service provider, responsible corporation for employees, and relevant communities with environmental and social consciousness, while the distinctive identities are manifested in the communication strategy, style, and persuasion mode: (1) The Chinese Commercial Banks adopted the proactive strategy for corporate identity construction, are prone to take hierarchical and impersonal communication style, and more focused on the “credibility appeal” and “rational appeal” in persuasion mode; (2) the commercial banks of the United States aremore reactive in the communication strategy, position themselves in short distance with the putative audience in communication style, and conform to the typical “affective appeal” regarding the persuasion mode. From the intercultural perspective, the distinctions are the representation of the peculiar high-context culture and low-context culture based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. Chinese banks should try to shorten the cultural gap by adopting communication strategy in conformity with the local cultural when going global rather than sticking to the domestic communication strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how globalization affects the corporate tax policies of U.S. manufacturing firms. Using U.S.-granting China Permanent Normal Trade Relations as a quasi-natural experiment, we find a significant increase in tax reduction activities for firms facing higher exposure to Chinese imports. The effect is more pronounced for firms with higher managerial slack. We also find that the effect is stronger for firms in less diversified products market and faster changing industries. We also show that U.S. firms facing higher Chinese import competition are more likely to engage in other tax-motivated activities: acquisition of subsidiaries in low-tax regions and suspected transfer pricing. Furthermore, we explore the 2017 tax cut and the recent U.S.-China trade dispute and find that firms engage less in tax reduction activities after the 2017 tax cut and after the tariff increase for Chinese imports. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Below paper is an attempt to study impact of World Stock Market of Countries like United Kingdom, United States of America and China on stock market of India NSE over a period of five years covering from 1 april 2016 to 31 march 2021 using Correlation, Regression and Granger's causality test. Result of the study shows that movement in stock market of united states of America, United Kingdom, China impact the stock market of India NSE (directly or indirectly). in this way this paper is an attempt to examine indispensable factor that affect Indian stock market directly or indirectly. this paper also analyze various prior study done in the same field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Remote sensing (RS) has unique advantages over traditional satellite RS, including convenience, high resolution, affordability and fast acquisition speed, making it widely used in many fields. To provide an overview of the development of UAV RS applications during the past decade, we screened related publications from the Web of Science core database from 2010 to 2021, built co-author networks, a discipline interaction network, a keywords timeline view, a co-citation cluster, and detected burst citations using bibliometrics and social network analysis. Our results show that: (1) The number of UAV RS publications had an increasing trend, with explosive growth in the past five years. The number of papers published by China and the United States (US) is far ahead in this field; (2) The US has currently the greatest influence in this field through the largest number of international cooperations. Cooperation is mainly concentrated in countries and institutions with a large number of publications but is not widely distributed. (3) The application of UAV RS involves multiple interdisciplinary subjects, among which "Environmental Science and Ecology" ranks first; (4) Future research trends of UAV RS are expected to be related to artificial intelligence (e.g., artificial neural networks-based research). This paper provides a scientific basis and guidance for future developments of UAV RS applications, which can help the research community to better grasp the developments of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the macroeconomic effects of trade tariffs in the context of the recent trade conflict between the United States and China. The focus is laid on two trade war scenarios, and one of them takes into account the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global trade flows. After deploying the partial equilibrium SMART model, the authors conclude that solely due to the trade war with China, in 2020, the US total trade balance will improve by 41,020 million USD (0.21% of real GDP), while 43,777 million USD (0.22% of real GDP) of the US imports will have to be sourced from other countries. The US trade intensity with China and welfare will decline. However, our study has found that the potential economic consequences of COVID-19 will reduce the relative effects of the trade war. The study has revealed that the United States economy will benefit from the trade war, which can be explained by a relatively weak China's retaliatory response. Nevertheless, the US agriculture and automotive sectors will suffer most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformations in the world economy, the globalization of information, the globalization of security issues have brought non-state powers to the position of main actors of the contemporary geopolitical phenomenon, in which transnational, international or supranational organizations play a special role. The unprecedented period of peace and stability that Europe went through at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century is due to the existence of the European Union. The European Union is a relevant actor in the international arena; the emergence of the European Union radically changed the European and global geopolitical balance. Having an extensive network of economic relations worldwide, carrying out crisis management missions and humanitarian actions, the European Union cannot be omitted from any geopolitical analysis. In a very dynamic and unpredictable global geopolitical and geoeconomic context, the European Union launched on June 20, 2023 the European Strategy for Economic Security, a strategy that emphasizes bilateral and plurilateral cooperation - in different formats and degrees of institutionalization, from the G-7 to high-level economic talks, investment partnerships and commodity clubs. The European Union wants to reduce, for the next decades, the economic risks related to dependence on China. The strategy outlines how the European Union - a key trading partner for both China and the United States - is trying to manage its economic dependence on Beijing and avoid the kind of economic rupture with Russia that followed the invasion of Ukraine. The paper aims to analyze what China's "risk reduction" means for Europe and, at the same time, to understand how the European Union's approach to economic security will shape future relations in terms of geopolitics and geoeconomics at the international and regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is well known that cancers have a common feature that even if the environment is extremely poor in nutrients, they can still make good use of themto maintain viability as well as to produce new biomass, which is one of the reasons why tumor cells are powerfully less susceptible to senescence and death. The microenvironment has a profound impact on the senescence aswell as the growth and development of tumor cells, and it is also the focus of scientists' research because it may even affect the discovery of the treatment and pathogenesis of cancer. And so the study of the microenvironment in the tumor cells is of great significance to the analysis of the tumor cells as well as to the impact of their senescence. Similarly, the microenvironment of osteosarcoma is also crucial for its impact, but to our knowledge, there is no bibliometric study that systematically analyzes and describes the trends and future hotspots in this field of research aswe do, and we are going to fill this gap in this study. Methods: We searched the Web Science Core Collection 2010-2023 in WOS on August 1, 2023. Based on the criteria needed for the search, we retained articles that matched the topic, excluded studies other than articles and reviews, and selected only studies whose language was English. We performed an intuitive visualization and bibliometric approach to analyze the research content in this field and a systematic visualization of global trends and hotspots in the research of osteosarcoma and the microenvironment, for which we used multiple specialized For this purpose, we used several specialized software packages, such as VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix package for R software. Because research in this area of osteosarcoma and the microenvironment has begun to gain popularity in the last 10 years or so, and is a very novel piece of research, there were almost no studies in this area prior to 2010 and they were not very informative, and in the end, we chose to look at studies from after 2010. Results: Based on the criteria needed for the search, resulting in a final selection of 821 articles. In the research area related to osteosarcoma and microenvironment, we found that China in Asia and the United States in North America and Italy in Europe were the three countries or regions with the highest number of published articles. In addition, the institution that published the most research in this area was Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In terms of publications in the field of osteosarcoma and microenvironmental research, Baldini, Heymann, and Avnet are among the top 3 authors. The terms "cancer", "cells" and "expression" are found to be more commonly employed. Conclusion: Using a variety of highly specialized software, we have undertaken a visual and bibliometric study of the current state of research and potential future hotspots in the field of osteosarcoma and microenvironment research. The microenvironment has a profound impact on the senescence and growth and development of cells in tumors, including osteosarcoma, and may even influence the discovery of cancer treatment and pathogenesis, and is also a hotspot and focus that scientists have begun to gradually study in recent years. This analysis and visualization will help guide future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative cross-nation study of the transition to more sustainable stormwater management (SSWM) in the United States and China. Multi-level perspective and multiphase models are used to examine the transition dynamics and reflect on how transition theory explains the change within federal and socialist context. Instead of simply differentiating the two countries' transition patterns by using terms such as bottom-up or top-down, we consider the importance of changes at all three levels of the system. The main difference between the transition process in the United States and China is the extent to which niche level innovations are developed, especially in the type of actors and activities investigated. The analysis suggests that the Chinese transition is less radical, while the U.S. pathway exhibits signs of reconfiguration, dealignment and realignment. Developing learning networks across sectors and actors to spread knowledge and experience appears to be the next major challenge for the Chinese Sponge City initiative. Despite the feasibility of transition theory for transition comparison, the author suggests its usage with caution and critical reflection to avoid the risk of embedding the mindset of 'catch-up' and convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the dispute between China and the United States, the international field of public opinion is dominated by increasing tensions, and the network rumors triggered by the COVID-19 epidemic are intensifying. In view of the above-mentioned context, this paper focuses on the development and the evolution process of public opinions. Since the evolution of public opinion is often accompanied by the spread and diffusion of information, this paper combines the process of information diffusion with the development process of polarization behavior, and brings in the dynamic network and the timeliness factor of public opinion dissemination, so as to better explore the polarization process of public opinion under the dynamic network. Then, this paper focuses on the analysis of the parameters of the model and through the dynamic adjustment of parameters, finding out the main factors that affect the trend and development of network public opinion. In addition, this paper introduces an actual case, and takes the actual case data as the support to demonstrate the reliability and practical application value of the model. Finally, based on the simulation results and analysis of actual cases, this paper puts forward the corresponding preventive measures to alleviate the polarization behavior of the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, comprehensive documents are needed to provide the research community with relevant details of any research direction. This study conducted the first descriptive bibliometric analysis to examine the most influential journals, institutions, and countries in the field of artificial intelligence in textiles. Furthermore, bibliometric mapping analysis was also used to examine diverse research topics of artificial intelligence in textiles. VOSviewer was used to process 996 articles retrieved from Web of Science—Core Collection from 2007 to 2020. The results show that China and the United States have the largest number of publications, while Donghua University and Jiangnan University have the highest output. These three themes have also appeared in textile artificial intelligence publications and played a significant role in the textile structure, textile inspection, and textile clothing production. The authors believe that this research will unfold new research domains for researchers in computer science, electronics, material science, imaging science, and optics and will benefit academic and industrial circles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic requested fiscal measures. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the research of tax and fiscal policy in response to COVID-19 crisis with bibliometrics. For this, we extracted data on the subject from the Web of Science Core Collection. To identify the most relevant sources, the most cited papers, or the most frequent keywords on the subject reasearched, we have used the R software version 4.1.3, RStudio Desktop version 2022.02.0+443, and the package Bibliometrix. The results show that 639 researchers published 235 articles in 158 journals. This analyse revealed that Intertax is the journal with the most numerous papers published. Also, the United States of America and China are the most contributors and the most cited countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using qualitative methods, this article focuses on the relationship between the COVID-19 health crisis and China's foreign policy and foreign relations. My main argument is that since its outbreak in late 2019, the COVID-19 health crisis has deepened the tensions already existing between China and the United States, as well as China and the West in general. Other factors that appeared before the pandemic have also contributed to intensifying the Sino-US rivalry as well as Sino-European frictions. Nonetheless, Beijing's proactive mask and vaccine diplomacy, its strict lockdown policy as well as its more aggressive nationalist and anti-western narrative have fed rather than alleviated these tensions. While China's image in the Global South has remained largely positive, in the Global North, it has rapidly deteriorated. All in all, this paper demonstrates that the pandemic has been an aggravating factor contributing to the downward spiral of China's relations with the outside world as well as its own isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study long-term trends in social mobility in the People's Republic of China since its inception in 1949, with two operationalizations: 1) intergenerational occupational mobility and 2) intergenerational educational mobility. We draw on an accumulation of administrative and survey data and provide comparable estimates of these measures for birth cohorts born after 1945. To help interpret the results, we compare trends in China to those in the United States for the same birth cohorts. We find an increase in intergenerational occupational mobility in China due to its rapid industrialization in recent decades. Net of industrialization, however, intergenerational occupational mobility has been declining for recent cohorts. Intergenerational educational mobility in China shows a similar declining trend. In addition, mobility patterns have differed greatly by gender, with women in earlier cohorts and from a rural origin particularly disadvantaged. We attribute the general decline in social mobility to market forces that have taken hold since China's economic reform that began in 1978. In contrast, social mobility by both measures has been relatively stable in the United States. However, while social mobility in China has trended downward, it is still higher than that in the United States, except for women's educational mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its crucial strategic position, over the course of history Korea has several times found itself subject to the consequences of great power rivalry, with very negative results. The cases of the conflict between the Chinese Empire and Japan at the end of the 19th century and between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War are two clear examples that led to tragic effects in Korea. This complicated historical legacy resonates in the current competition between the U.S. and China and the role that South Korea has been increasingly playing in this dynamic in recent years. Although significant differences exist compared to the previous examples, this new rivalry risks becoming a matter of major concern in the country's foreign policy. For South Korea, maintaining positive relations with both great powers is crucial for its stability, economic development and security. For this reason, in recent years different South Korean governments have tried and managed to pursue a «flexible» approach avoiding taking sides between the two great powers. While the rapidly growing tension between the U.S. and China poses challenges to this approach, it still represents a suitable solution to ensure that Seoul does not get caught in the middle of a new great power rivalry that would be detrimental for its strategic interests. Starting by introducing the dilemmas of Korea amid great power rivalry from a historical perspective, this paper argues that in the current competition South Korea has demonstrated a higher level of agency than in previous cases, thanks also to its greater autonomy and capabilities in the international system, and that its «flexible» approach has been successful in maintaining a middle ground between the U.S. and China. Considering the current increase in rivalry, this role has been more difficult to manage, especially with the recent push by the United States for its regional allies and partners to take a tougher stance against Beijing. However, adapting its foreign policy approach to the challenges that have emerged in recent years and avoiding taking a stance that might deteriorate relations with China, while reassuring Washington that the alliance is the main pillar in Seoul's security policy, can be considered as a possible and positive way forward for South Korea's role amid U.S.-China competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to argue that the conflictual debate on human rights between China and United States is characterized by a dichotomous approach which still reflects a Cold War logic and can have a detrimental impact on the full understanding of social, economic, political processes which are undergoing during our age. The argument has been built through a case-study on US-China public discourses on COVID-19 and human rights, which posits that a dichotomous approach has prevented an objective reading of the pandemic processes underway and thus influenced the health crisis' management on both sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of trade added value, this paper discusses the potential actual trade scale and benefit damage degree of the two countries under the background of big country game by measuring the real trade scale of China and the USA, simulating the economic impact of tariffs imposed by China and the USA and utilizing Wang–Wei–Zhu (WWZ) method to decompose the potential changes in Sino-US trade. The results show that: firstly, the size of China-US trade in terms of total value is significantly overestimated and China's overall trade with the USA in 2001–2014 was overestimated by an average of 3.06 percent, of which goods trade was overestimated by 8.06 percent. Secondly, although tariff increases can reduce the degree of trade imbalance between China and the USA to some extent, the adverse effects are mutual and global, and the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan and Canada become the main transfer countries of Sino-US trade. Thirdly, the pattern of China's final exports and the US' intermediate exports determines that China's trade interests are more damaged than those of the USA. It is proved that there is a big gap between China and the USA in the depth and breadth of China's participation in the value chain division of labor and the trade scale measured by Gross Domestic Product is more instructive than the total value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the U.S.–China trade deficit continues to rise, China has been at the top of the list in terms of the International Trade Commission (ITC) antidumping (AD) cases. In this paper, we ask the question whether the ITC AD prosecution is based on pure economic content or is it somewhat jaded by politics. Utilizing a Probit model, we examine the effect of a set of political and economic variables on the probability of the ITC ruling in favor of the U.S. petitioners that have filed a 731 AD lawsuit. As China has the highest number of cases brought about by U.S. petitioners, combined with the fact that China is the single largest source of the U.S. trade deficit, we also included a binary dummy variable if the case is solely against China. We find that this variable is highly significant. The only other variable that is consistently significant is the political influence of the petitioners measured by the political campaign contribution. In addition, we find that conditioned on China being the sole target, the political influence of the petitioner significantly increases the probability of a favorable ruling by the ITC. We implement a placebo test with cases toward Japan and find no evidence of the ITC's bias in ruling, thus raising the strong possibility that the United States is targeting China outside of pure economic justifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"How Animal Science Products, Inc. Plays a Role in the China and U.S. International Relations Saga" takes a look at a June 2018 Supreme Court decision that ruled federal courts are not bound to defer to a foreign government's interpretation of its own law. This paper discusses the pros and cons of absolute deference to foreign governments in these instances, in addition to examining the effectiveness of foreign amicus briefs in antitrust cases before the Supreme Court. This paper finishes with a discussion on the current state of international relations China and the U.S., with a summary of where the case leaves us today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korean Peninsula is perceived by both the United States (US) and China as the region where they could cooperate despite other disputed problems. The Four-Party Talks were proposed amid a crisis in the Taiwan Strait in 1996, and the Six-Party Talks were convened during the controversies over the subsequent Iraq War in early 2000s. The author argues whether this "Ad-hoc Concert" still survives as an analytic framework for examining Sino–US relations on the Korean Peninsula, notwithstanding the new dimension of collective security as a result of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, North Korea)'s nuclear issues with respect to the United Nation Security Council (UNSC). This paper first examines the Chinese initiatives in the nuclear crisis in 2016–17; it makes an assessment of the developments of the triangulated US–China–DPRK relationship after Chairman Kim Jongun referred to the "denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula" in early 2018. In the successive Summit meetings that Kim Jongun held with the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea)'s President Moon Jaein, and US President Donald Trump, the declaration to end the Korean War dominated those in the triangulated relations. This paper also reviews the controversies related to that declaration and their implication for Sino–US relations. Those implications will provide the basis for an analysis of Sino–US relations on the Korean Peninsula following a speech delivered by US Vice-President Mike Pence in October 2018 that was widely seen as a declaration of a "new cold war" between the US and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of China's national resources in the space domain may change the gap in power between China and the United States in relevant international rulemaking. This article proposes an analytical framework for identifying, comparing, and analyzing states' power resources critical to international rulemaking and uses the framework to compare the relevant resources between China and the United States in the space domain. First, this paper develops a method for identifying resources crucial to international rulemaking in outer space. The relevant resources of the two countries are then compared in this article. Finally, the article explores comparative advantages, consensus, differences, and cooperation possibilities of the two countries in specific international space rules. The framework could be adapted to compare diverse nations' resources critical to international rulemaking in other fields; it contributes to research on space law, international legislation, and national power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberal international order established after the end of the Cold War is currently an order in transition. The shift in material power - following the rise of China - is necessary to understanding the changes in the international order, but it is not the whole story. We are seeing both material and ideational changes. The present moment is one of rules under challenge. But the normative contestation the international order is facing is not just about the rivalry between China and the United States or the tired description of "the rest against the West"; its parameters are more complex and diverse. To demonstrate that, this paper looks at three very different issues on the international agenda: a) governance of the Internet, b) sexual and reproductive rights and c) migration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the introduction to the 40th anniversary issue of Revista CIDOB d'Afers Internacionals, this paper looks at developments in international relations over the last four decades, alongside the publication's content and against the backdrop of the current crisis of the international order (or disorder). It spans the end of the Cold War and the faith deposited in globalisation and liberal democracy in the unipolar world of the mid-1990s, taking in the spread of the values and ideas of global governance at the end of the last century, before arriving at the growing multipolarity, rivalry between China and the United States and the challenge to the liberal order and permacrisis of recent years. Special mention is made of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a bibliometric study on different types of risk and bankruptcy, aiming to contribute to academic knowledge in this area. We used the bibliometrix tools in R and VOSviewer, following the main laws of bibliometrics (Bradford's law, Lotka's law, and Zipf's law). We analyzed 7163 relevant academic publications retrieved from the WOS database between 1995 and 2023. The characterization of the literature identified trends, importance, and scientific relevance of works, journals, and authors. This allows for promoting collaborations among researchers and provides insights for strategic decision making, advancing knowledge in the field. The most relevant journal was the "Journal of Banking and Finance", with Edward Altman as the prominent author. The United States and China were the most active countries in research. The current research highlights terms such as "board size", "CRS", "responsibility", and "governance", which are commonly found in recent works. The themes of greatest centrality include risk, model, and debt. The bibliometric review revealed gaps in knowledge and research, indicating a growing trend of studies in this area. This article provides valuable information for researchers and managers, supporting decision making in risk management and bankruptcy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]