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In the current global landscape, food loss and waste (FLW) persist as a significant challenge, accounting for one-third of global food production and directly impacting 700 million individuals. Beyond its social ramifications, FLW incurs substantial economic costs and raises environmental and ethical concerns. To address this issue, our paper presents a comprehensive systematic overview within operations management, offering a framework that delineates diverse supply chain types, defines FLW, examines its multifaceted impacts, and outlines reduction strategies. Emphasizing a holistic perspective, we utilize various case study approaches to shed light on the global implications of FLW, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors. In exploring the depth of FLW, we build upon two foundational premises: the actions taken by rational actors towards FLW reduction hinge on the balance between benefits and costs, guiding policy formulation. Effective policies necessitate a thorough understanding of synergies, potential unintended consequences and trade-offs. The absence of comprehensive information on FLW leads to both excessive and insufficient rates of FLW. Justifying public intervention lies in its potential to enhance food security, efficiency, and environmental sustainability, albeit quantifying these effects poses challenges. Our overview paper identifies key challenges in FLW policies, encompassing measurement, quantification, interdependencies within the and trade-offs, and value chain in food policy objectives. Despite these challenges, the paper guides the enhancement of loss measurement for targeted interventions, emphasizing investments in policies that foster a conducive business environment and government-led initiatives in awareness and incentive modification. The study also sheds light on crucial gaps in knowledge, including data deficiencies and variability in estimates, calling for standardized data collection methodologies and targeted research initiatives. By addressing these gaps and emphasizing collaborative efforts, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of FLW, advocating for improved strategies to tackle this multifaceted issue. • Comprehensive Ops Framework: Presents systematic framework for FLW reduction in supply chains. • Multifaceted FLW Impacts: Explores economic, environmental, and social impacts. • Urgent Data Gaps: Emphasizes need for current data on FLW, especially in BRICS nations. • Culture-Specific Solutions: Highlights importance of tailored innovations for waste reduction. • Climate Nexus and Renewable Energy Integration: Explores FLW, climate change, and renewable energy synergy for sustainable, low-carbon paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at describing if, in a context of global gridlock and emerging issues such as climate change, a decisive role could be played by the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Despite these countries experiencing internal and structural problems, they could represent an innovative answer to the functioning of the current global framework. In fact, even though they are not considered to be as accountable as western countries in many areas, their leading commitment to global issues such as climate change could provide an important solution to strengthening their weak 'soft power'. By working together to instigate global change, and taking advantage of Western 'decline', can the BRICS play a decisive role in shaping global governance? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10.3390/en14040884 2 Leitao N.C., Lorente D.B. The Linkage Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union. The authors of [[3]] report that clean, renewable energy produces little, if any, greenhouse gas emissions and provides a number of benefits to society associated with energy security, energy poverty, and environmental stewardship. The overall importance of behavioral changes within the energy/climate nexus indicates that the adoption of clean and renewable energy is a multi-faceted issue. While solar and wind energy are garnering the majority of attention for clean energy deployment, in [[3]] other forms of clean energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydro, and oceanic, are discussed. [Extracted from the article]

The European Union's (EU) decision to include aviation into the Emissions Trade Scheme was heatedly contested. Countries around the world, but mainly the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa group (BRICS) and the US, denounced the EU's initiate as illegal and unilateral. Following a decade of frustrated negotiations at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), this paper interrogates why such measure, in principle climate-friendly, inspired so much global resentment. I argue that concerns with competitiveness and risks of legal inconsistency are important, but insufficient elements to explain the core of the conflict. The paper suggests that the EU was strongly criticized because third countries perceived this action as an imposed solution, which fostered an environment of distrust. Therefore, I claim that the problem has more to do with a normative divide than with a substantive divergence on what should be done regarding aviation emissions. My analysis is informed by the present literature on the links between trade and climate change, but gives particular weight to first-hand information through interviews with key stakeholders. The paper is divided in three parts. First, it presents the scope of the EU directive in historical perspective. Second, it explores the EU's measure through three different angles: legal, economical and political. The final part explores some possible solutions to overcome these divergences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has been a global challenge and BRICS countries are not excluded from these challenges which affect weather conditions and subsequently lead to disasters. Climate change is regarded as a change in climate patterns that are caused by the increase in the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels. Because of the awareness of this challenge, the purpose of the study was to look at possible ways to reduce pressure on the climate, particularly in BRICS countries. The objective of this study was to convince BRICS countries to use trade agreements to look at business models that would not put much pressure on the climate. Secondly, to ensure that companies do not produce carbon dioxide that is toxic to the climate. This study aimed to find ways to protect BRICS countries from various disasters that are caused by climate change. Business agreements between BRICS countries should, therefore, have terms and conditions that seek to protect the climate and natural resources. Because of the availability of data concerning the causes of climate change, this study applied a secondary research design. Reports, findings of the previous study, and conference findings data assisted in reaching the findings of the study. In conclusion, BRICS countries have to quickly do something about climate change. The floods that South Africa and India have experienced in 2022 should be the main reason why BRICS countries must prioritize the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper points out the fact that the stable economic growth of the states can be obtained only due to the existing interdependences between the developed economies and the emerging ones. In order to increase its role in different parts of the globe, but also to ensure a balance between its states and the emerging economies, the European Union has established strategic partnerships with all BRICS countries. For the latter, the EU represents the main trade partner and besides the creation of an environment adequate to the development of the international trade, the realization of a tight cooperation in the field of security, illegal migration, climate changes and terrorism is also on the agenda. The BRICS countries are important for the world trade because of their economic power, as they have become the states whose markets have known the fastest development in the world. Thus, it is important to keep in mind that EU's imports from the BRICS countries represented in 2011 more than 33,7% of the total, while exports were above 21%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]