930 results
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2. The Implementation and Evaluation of Virtualized Protection Intelligent Electronic Devices into a Virtual Substation.
- Author
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Rösch, Dennis, Schäfer, Kevin, and Nicolai, Steffen
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC equipment ,OVERCURRENT protection ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids - Abstract
This paper presents an investigation into the virtualization of substation protection IED functions using a sophisticated co-simulation environment that integrates virtual intelligent electronic devices (vIEDs) with a real-time power grid simulation. Anchored by the IEC 61850 protocol, this study constructs a virtualized IED framework, emphasizing the encapsulation of protection schemes using the example of different types of overcurrent protection within a containerized vIED. Using open-source software, this study aims to replicate the communication and functional aspects of physical IEDs. This study uses a co-simulation environment that couples virtualized network components with a real-time power grid simulation to validate the vIEDs against real substation hardware. Simulation results from induced short-circuit events confirm the operational congruence of the vIEDs with their physical counterparts, demonstrating their potential to serve as cost-effective and adaptable testbeds for substation automation. This paper concludes that virtualized IEDs represent a cost-effective, flexible alternative for substation automation testing, with future research directed towards increasing the functional complexity and real-world applicability of these virtual systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Improving cyber-physical-power system stability through hardware-in-loop co-simulation platform for real-time cyber attack analysis.
- Author
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Xiaoke Wang, Yan Ji, Zhongwang Sun, Chong Liu, Zhichun Jing, Yuanshi Zhang, Jianfeng Dai, Jintao Han, and Singh, Neeraj Kumar
- Subjects
CYBER physical systems ,MICROGRIDS ,CYBERTERRORISM ,DENIAL of service attacks ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,MACHINE learning ,BATTERY storage plants - Abstract
With advancements in communication systems and measurement technologies, smart grids have become more observable and controllable, evolving into cyberphysical-power systems (CPPS). The impact of network security and secondary equipment on power system stability has become more evident. To support the existing grid toward a smart grid scenario, smart metering plays a vital role at the customer end side. Cyber-Physical systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and various techniques have been evolved to detect a cyber attack in the smart grid. Weighted trust-based models are suggested as one of the most effective security mechanisms. A hardware-in-loop CPPS co-simulation platform is established to facilitate the theoretical study of CPPS and the formulation of grid operation strategies. This paper examines current co-simulation platform schemes and highlights the necessity for a real-time hard-ware-in-the-loop platform to accurately simulate cyber-attack processes. This consideration takes into account the fundamental differences in modeling between power and communication systems. The architecture of the co-simulation platform based on RT-LAB and OPNET is described, including detailed modeling of the power system, communication system, and security and stability control devices. Additionally, an analysis of the latency of the co-simulation is provided. The paper focuses on modeling and implementing methods for addressing DDOS attacks and man-in-the-middle at-tacks in the communication network. The results from simulating a 7-bus system show the effectiveness and rationality of the co-simulation platform that has been designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Augmented Millimeter Wave Radar and Vision Fusion Simulator for Roadside Perception.
- Author
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Liu, Haodong, Wan, Jian, Zhou, Peng, Ding, Shanshan, and Huang, Wei
- Subjects
SEVERE storms ,VIRTUAL reality ,MILLIMETER waves ,WEATHER ,RELIABILITY in engineering ,TRACKING radar - Abstract
Millimeter-wave radar has the advantages of strong penetration, high-precision speed detection and low power consumption. It can be used to conduct robust object detection in abnormal lighting and severe weather conditions. The emerging 4D millimeter-wave radar has improved the quality and quantity of generated point clouds. Adding radar–camera fusion enhances the tracking reliability of transportation system operation. However, it is challenging due to the absence of standardized testing methods. Hence, this paper proposes a radar–camera fusion algorithm testing framework in a highway roadside scenario using SUMO and CARLA simulators. First, we propose a 4D millimeter-wave radar simulation method. A roadside multi-sensor perception dataset is generated in a 3D environment through co-simulation. Then, deep-learning object detection models are trained under different weather and lighting conditions. Finally, we propose a baseline fusion method for the algorithm testing framework. This framework provides a realistic virtual environment for device selection, algorithm testing and parameter tuning for millimeter-wave radar–camera fusion algorithms. Solutions show that the method proposed in this paper can provide a realistic virtual environment for radar–camera fusion algorithm testing for roadside traffic perception. Compared to the camera-only tracking method, the radar–vision fusion method proposed significantly improves tracking performance in rainy night scenarios. The trajectory RMSE is improved by 68.61% in expressway scenarios and 67.45% in urban scenarios. This method can also be applied to improve the detection of stop-and-go waves on congested expressways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A CO-SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE OPERATING MECHANISM OF A HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
- Author
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Li, X.-F., Zhao, D., Yi, L., Wu, Z., Zhang, Y., and Shuai, C.-G.
- Subjects
FINITE element method ,STRESS concentration ,ELECTRIC discharges - Abstract
The reliability of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) depends critically on the dynamic characteristics of their hydraulic operating mechanisms (OMs). However, previous analyses have been limited to discrete components due to the lack of models capturing multi-physics couplings. This paper proposes a novel co-simulation approach for hydraulic OMs that enables system-level analysis. Specifically, the hydraulic system is modelled using the lumped parameter method, and the transmission mechanism is modelled via finite element analysis. The subsystem models exchange inputs and outputs through shared memory, realizing coupling without compromising simulation performance. Experiments on a 550 kV HVCB validate that the model accurately captures OM transient responses. The co-simulation framework has diverse capabilities, including predicting dynamics under varied operating parameters and quantifying stress distributions and response evolution patterns. Overall, this paper proposes an advanced multi-physics analysis capability for hydraulic OMs to support reliabilityoriented design and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Research on Stability Control Technology of Hazardous Chemical Tank Vehicles Based on Electromagnetic Semi-Active Suspension.
- Author
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Dai, Jianguo, Qin, Youning, Wang, Cheng, Zhu, Jianhui, and Zhu, Jingxuan
- Subjects
HAZARDOUS substances ,SUSPENSION systems (Aeronautics) ,MOTOR vehicle springs & suspension ,SLOSHING (Hydrodynamics) ,TRAFFIC safety ,INDUSTRIAL chemistry ,CHEMICAL spills - Abstract
Liquid sloshing in the tank can seriously affect the stability of hazardous chemical tanker trucks during operation. To this end, this paper proposes a solution based on an electromagnetic semi-active suspension system to prevent chemical spills and ensure safe driving of hazardous chemical tank vehicles. A comprehensive investigation was conducted across four domains: theoretical research, simulation model establishment, co-simulation platform construction, and simulation data analysis. Three fuzzy controllers were used to suppress the vibration of the tank vehicles, and a simulation study of the stability control of the tank vehicles under electromagnetic semi-active suspension was carried out. The results show that the electromagnetic semi-active suspension can significantly reduce the vertical, pitch, and roll vibrations of the tank vehicles by 17.60%, 25.78%, and 27.86%, respectively. The research results of this paper are of great significance for improving the safety and stability of hazardous chemical tanker trucks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Distributed Energy Resources Management System (DERMS) and Its Coordination with Transmission System: A Review and Co-Simulation.
- Author
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Pourghasem Gavgani, Pouya, Baghbannovin, Salar, Mohseni-Bonab, Seyed Masoud, and Kamwa, Innocent
- Subjects
ENERGY management ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,POWER resources - Abstract
Ever-increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power grids, alongside their numerous benefits, brings new challenges that call for enhanced solutions in the field of control and management of power grids. The majority of the available research have considered either distribution or transmission grids in their studies. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the effects of DERs on the distribution and transmission grids is performed. The focus of this paper is on hierarchical management methods in order to categorize different approaches and highlight the gaps. Moreover, a review is conducted in the field of the newly introduced distributed energy resources management system (DERMS) concept. A DERMS can facilitate the hierarchical energy management procedure due to its functionalities and broad capabilities. Hence, its implementation in energy management and its impact on the power grid will be assessed with the aid of a co-simulation platform that considers both transmission and distribution grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A WCA-Based Evaluation Approach for Matching Analysis of the Construction Process.
- Author
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Ye, Hongyu, Zhang, Hong, Sun, Minjie, Lv, Yihan, Yang, Wensheng, Gong, Yinan, Huang, Baolin, and Cong, Meng
- Abstract
Assessing construction process optimization and efficiency is crucial for the industry, yet quantitative methods for comparison are lacking. We propose the process matching degree (PMD) to quantitatively assess construction processes, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Five primary indicators—regulations, environment, equipment, components, and organization—were identified, each of which were initially weighted equally using the weighted criteria approach (WCA). To refine the assessment, we conducted a questionnaire survey to adjust these weights based on expert feedback. Three sub-indicators were introduced for each primary indicator to increase granularity. The PMD's operability was verified through two cases study involving BIM-simulated and real construction processes. The light-steel-structure building's PMD values were 68 and 58 points, and the concrete structure's PMD was 88.25, respectively, and the reasons for these differences were analyzed. This paper introduces PMD, its evaluation indicators, and calculation method, and verifies its feasibility through cases studies and expert questionnaire surveys, providing a comprehensive PMD research methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Development and Functional Validation Method of the Scenario-in-the-Loop Simulation Control Model Using Co-Simulation Techniques.
- Author
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Toth, Balint and Szalay, Zsolt
- Subjects
DIGITAL twins ,REAL-time control ,EDGE computing ,SIMULATION methods & models ,AUTONOMOUS vehicles ,INTELLIGENT transportation systems - Abstract
With the facilitated development of highly automated driving functions and automated vehicles, the need for advanced testing techniques also arose. With a near-infinite number of potential traffic scenarios, vehicles have to drive an increased number of test kilometers during development, which would be very difficult to achieve with currently utilized conventional testing methods. State-of-the-Art testing technologies such as Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ViL) or Scenario-in-the-Loop (SciL) can provide a long-term solution; however, validation of these complex systems should also be addressed. ViL and SciL technologies provide real-time control and measurement with multiple participants; however, they require enormous computational capacity and low-latency communication to provide comparable results with real-world testing. 5G (fifth-generation wireless) communication and Edge computing can aid in fulfilling these needs, although appropriate implementation should also be tested. In the current paper, a realized control model based on the SciL architecture was presented that was developed with real-world testing data and validated utilizing co-simulation and digital twin techniques. The model was established in Simcenter Prescan© connected to MATLAB Simulink
® and validated using IPG CarMaker® , which was used to feed the simulation with the necessary input data to replace the real-world testing data. The aim of the current paper was to introduce steps of the development process, to present the results of the validation procedure, and to provide an outlook of potential future implementations into the state of the art in proving ground ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Study on Creepage Control for PLS-160 Wheel–Rail Adhesion Test Rig Based on LADRC.
- Author
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Tian, Chun, Zhai, Gengwei, Gao, Yingqi, Chen, Chao, and Zhou, Jiajun
- Subjects
PID controllers ,ADHESION ,ROLLING contact - Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low control accuracy caused by nonlinear disturbances in the operation of the PLS-160 wheel–rail adhesion test rig, a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) suitable for the wheel–rail adhesion test rig was designed. The influence of nonlinear disturbances during the operation of the test rig on the control accuracy was analyzed based on SIMPACK. The SIMAT co-simulation platform was established to verify the control performance of the LADRC designed in this paper. The simulation results show that the speed and creepage errors of the test rig under the control of the LADRC met the adhesion test technical indicators under four different conditions. Compared with the traditional PID controller, the creepage overshoot and response time with the LADRC were reduced by 1.27% and 60%, respectively, under the constant creepage condition, and the stability recovery time was shorter under the condition of a sudden decrease in the adhesion coefficient. The LADRC designed in this paper shows better dynamic and anti-interference performance; therefore, it is more suitable for a follow-up study of the PLS-160 wheel–rail adhesion test rig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Co-simulation-based optimal reactive power control in smart distribution network.
- Author
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Wagle, Raju, Pham, Le Nam Hai, Tricarico, Gioacchino, Sharma, Pawan, Rueda, Jose Luis, and Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco
- Subjects
- *
REACTIVE power control , *POWER distribution networks , *REACTIVE power , *SMART power grids , *OPTIMIZATION algorithms , *POWER resources , *ELECTRICAL load , *DIFFERENTIAL evolution - Abstract
The increasing integration of distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems into distribution networks introduces intermittent and variable power, leading to high voltage fluctuations. High PV integration can also result in increased terminal voltage of the network during periods of high PV generation and low load consumption. These problems can be solved by optimal utilization of the reactive power capability of a smart inverter. However, solving the optimization problem using a detailed mathematical model of the distribution network may be time-consuming. Due to this, the optimization process may not be fast enough to incorporate this rapid fluctuation when implemented in real-time optimization. To address these issues, this paper proposes a co-simulation-based optimization approach for optimal reactive power control in smart inverters. By utilizing co-simulation, the need for detailed mathematical modeling of the power flow equation of the distribution network in the optimization model is eliminated, thereby enabling faster optimization. This paper compares three optimization algorithms (improved harmony search, simplicial homology global optimization, and differential evolution) using models developed in OpenDSS and DigSilent PowerFactory. The results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed co-simulation-based optimization for obtaining optimal setpoints for reactive power control, minimizing total power loss in distribution networks with high PV integration. This research paper contributes to efficient and practical solutions for modeling optimal control problems in future distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A Learning Control Strategy for Robot-assisted Bathing via Impedance Sliding Mode Technique With Non-repetitive Tasks
- Author
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Xu, Yuexuan, Guo, Xin, Zhang, Gaowei, Li, Jian, Huo, Xingyu, Xuan, Bokai, Gu, Zhifeng, and Sun, Hao
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Comparing the Complexity and Efficiency of Composable Modeling Techniques for Multi-Scale and Multi-Domain Complex System Modeling and Simulation Applications: A Probabilistic Analysis.
- Author
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Wagner, Neal
- Subjects
MULTISCALE modeling ,SIMULATION methods & models ,CYBER physical systems ,PROBABILISTIC databases - Abstract
Modeling and simulation of complex systems frequently requires capturing probabilistic dynamics across multiple scales and/or multiple domains. Cyber–physical, cyber–social, socio–technical, and cyber–physical–social systems are common examples. Modeling and simulating such systems via a single, all-encompassing model is often infeasible, and thus composable modeling techniques are sought. Co-simulation and closure modeling are two prevalent composable modeling techniques that divide a multi-scale/multi-domain system into sub-systems, use smaller component models to capture each sub-system, and coordinate data transfer between component models. While the two techniques have similar goals, differences in their methods lead to differences in the complexity and computational efficiency of a simulation model built using one technique or the other. This paper presents a probabilistic analysis of the complexity and computational efficiency of these two composable modeling techniques for multi-scale/multi-domain complex system modeling and simulation applications. The aim is twofold: to promote awareness of these two composable modeling approaches and to facilitate complex system model design by identifying circumstances that are amenable to either approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Assessment of Cyber-Physical Inverter-Based Microgrid Control Performance under Communication Delay and Cyber-Attacks.
- Author
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Ali, Ola, Nguyen, Tung-Lam, and Mohammed, Osama A.
- Subjects
MICROGRIDS ,TELECOMMUNICATION systems ,DENIAL of service attacks ,CYBERTERRORISM ,CYBER physical systems ,ELECTRIC inverters - Abstract
The integration of communication infrastructures into traditional power systems, transforming them into cyber-physical power systems (CPPS), accentuates the significance of communication in influencing system performance and sustainability. This paper presents a versatile, innovative cyber-physical co-simulation framework that integrates the physical power system and communication networks, uniting OPAL-RT, a network simulator (ns3), and Docker containers into a sophisticated platform, facilitating intensive studies into CPPS dynamics. The proposed experimental study provides an innovative way to assess the frequency control response of a cyber-physical inverter-based microgrid (MG), addressing the MG sustainability challenges. We consider diverse real-world scenarios, focusing on communication delays and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks within the communication channels. We propose a precise ns3-based communication model that bridges the MG's primary and secondary control layers, an aspect often overlooked in previous studies; this is a noteworthy contribution to elucidating the adverse impacts of communication latency on MG frequency performance. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the centralized secondary controller in eliminating the frequency deviations. Furthermore, the findings offer insights into stable and unstable regions, revealing how the communication delay value affects the frequency stability under different operating conditions. In addition, the developed real-time DDoS attacks model within the proposed communication surface unveils crucial insights into the MG's resilience to cyber threats. This work's revelations offer a foundational awareness of MG vulnerabilities, paving the way for designing robust and resilient communication networks and control strategies within the cyber-physical inverter-based microgrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Spawn: coupling Modelica Buildings Library and EnergyPlus to enable new energy system and control applications
- Author
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Wetter, Michael, Benne, Kyle, Tummescheit, Hubertus, and Winther, Christian
- Subjects
Built Environment and Design ,Architecture ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Modelica ,EnergyPlus ,building energy simulation ,controls ,co-simulation ,modular modelling ,Building - Abstract
Spawn is DOE's next-generation tool chain for whole building energy control simulation. Spawn couples traditional imperative load-based envelope modelling with new equation-based modelling of HVAC and controls. Spawn uses EnergyPlus for the former and the Modelica Buildings Library for the latter. Because it leverages the Modelica Buildings Library, Spawn can evaluate advanced energy systems at the building and district scale, including new architectures and controls for heat pump systems with storage, and the coupling of such systems to electrical distribution networks. Spawn's Modelica integration likewise enables it to simulate realistic control sequences and therefore to bridge energy simulation and control implementation workflows. From EnergyPlus, Spawn inherits efficient envelope simulation and the ability to use existing envelope model authoring tools. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of Spawn, which automatically couples Modelica and EnergyPlus for run-time data exchange. This paper closes with examples that illustrate Spawn's modelling and simulation processes.
- Published
- 2024
16. Co-simulation-based optimal reactive power control in smart distribution network
- Author
-
Wagle, Raju, Pham, Le Nam Hai, Tricarico, Gioacchino, Sharma, Pawan, Rueda, Jose Luis, and Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Verification and synthesis of co-simulation algorithms subject to algebraic loops and adaptive steps
- Author
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Hansen, Simon Thrane, Thule, Casper, Gomes, Cláudio, van de Pol, Jaco, Palmieri, Maurizio, Inci, Emin Oguz, Madsen, Frederik, Alfonso, Jesús, Castellanos, José Ángel, and Rodriguez, José Manuel
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS AND CO-SIMULATION IN UNIVERSAL MECHANISM SOFTWARE. PART II: EXAMPLES.
- Author
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POGORELOV, Dmitry, RODIKOV, Alexander, and KOVALEV, Roman
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,PARALLEL computers ,DEGREES of freedom ,MULTICORE processors ,COMPUTER software ,VEHICLE models - Abstract
The second part of the paper continues a discussion on the topic of parallel computations in railway dynamics. The algorithms described in the first part of the paper are applied to parallel simulation on computers with multicore processors of six different models of rail vehicles and trains with the number of degrees of freedom from about one hundred to more than 20 thousands. A considerable simulation speedup is reported. In addition, an example of evaluation of wheel profile wear on multicore processors and comparison of different approaches to multi-variant computations are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Research on Controller of Glass Greenhouse Cleaner Based on PSO-Fuzzy-PID.
- Author
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Xu, Rui, Chen, Zhenmu, Wu, Mingge, and Shen, Yunde
- Subjects
GREENHOUSES ,SURFACE cleaning ,PID controllers ,WASHING machines ,GLASS - Abstract
When cleaning the surface of a glass greenhouse, the washing machine often encounters slippery tracks or strong winds, in which case the washing machine is very likely to deviate from the axis of the greenhouse. In order to improve the stability and reliability of the glass greenhouse cleaner under different working conditions, this paper studies the controller of the glass greenhouse cleaner and puts forward a fuzzy PID control scheme optimized by the PSO algorithm. Using Adams and Matlab to jointly simulate the machine model, the results show that the particle swarm fuzzy PID controller has the best control effect and can make the cleaner adaptable to a variety of working conditions. The system overshoot was reduced by up to 35.5%, the response time by up to 3 s, and the difference between left and right wheel speeds by up to 0.086 deg/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Modeling and Simulating Wind Energy Generation Systems by Means of Co-Simulation Techniques.
- Author
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da Silva, Loan Tullio F. W., Tomim, Marcelo Aroca, Barbosa, Pedro Gomes, de Almeida, Pedro Machado, and da Silva Dias, Robson Francisco
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power ,WIND energy conversion systems ,WIND power plants ,INTELLECTUAL property ,TRAVEL time (Traffic engineering) ,WIND power - Abstract
This paper presents the development of a wind energy conversion system co-simulation based on the Functional Mock-up Interface standard aiming at contributing to the development of co-simulation of large electrical power systems by means of open-source and standardized computational tools. Co-simulation enables the computational burden of a monolithic simulation to be shared among several processing units, significantly reducing processing time. Through the Functional Mock-up Interface standard, developed models are encapsulated into Functional Mock-up Unit, providing an extra means for the protection of intellectual property, a very appealing feature for end users, both in industry and academia. To achieve the decoupling of the subsystems, the Bergeron ideal transmission line model will be used, with travel time equal to the simulation time-step. The computational performance and effectiveness of the proposed co-simulation technique was evaluated with a wind power plant with 50 wind turbines. The system digital models were developed into Modelica language, while co-simulation was implemented in Python. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Design and numerical analysis of thermal capability of power transformer using coupled electromagnetic field-thermal model
- Author
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Cetinceviz, Yucel and Sehirli, Erdal
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Resilience Enhancement of Pilot Protection in Power Systems.
- Author
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Kemmeugne, Anthony, Jahromi, Amir Abiri, and Kundur, Deepa
- Subjects
DENIAL of service attacks ,ELECTRIC utilities ,DATA protection ,PRIVATE security services ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,SOFTWARE-defined networking - Abstract
Concerns about the cybersecurity and resilience of power systems have heightened in electric utilities and regulatory agencies over the past decade mainly because of the unpredictable target, location and scale of cyberattacks and the potential severity of consequences. The cybersecurity of pilot protection is paramount in bulk power systems considering their prevalence and the crucial role they play in protecting critical assets and preventing large system disturbances and major blackouts. This paper investigates the resilience of pilot protection using a co-simulation platform based on OPAL-RT simulator and Riverbed Modeler. It is demonstrated that software-defined networking for operational technology (OT SDN) significantly improves the resilience of pilot protection to false data injection (FDI) attacks compared to traditional networks. Moreover, the resilience of OT SDN based pilot protection to denial of service (DoS) attack against the SDN controller is investigated both in the proactive and reactive modes of operation. The simulation results verified the resilience of OT SDN controller in OT SDN based pilot protection to DoS attacks in the proactive mode of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A Neural Network Assistance AMPPT Solar Energy Harvesting System With 89.39% Efficiency and 0.01–0.5% Tracking Errors.
- Author
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Wang, Yuanfei, Luo, Ping, Zeng, Xiao, Peng, Dingming, Li, Zhaoji, and Zhang, Bo
- Subjects
ENERGY harvesting ,VOLTAGE-controlled oscillators ,ON-chip charge pumps ,SOLAR cells ,SOLAR energy ,ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking ,LIGHT intensity - Abstract
This paper presents a high-performance solar energy harvesting system with improved adaptive maximum power point tracking (AMPPT) method utilizing neural network (NN) model as assistance. Under the guidance of the negative feedback control (NFC) model, a BJT based voltage control oscillator with three off-chip reconfigurable resistors is designed in this paper to improve the reusability of the solar energy harvesting system. Meanwhile, the AMPPT accuracy has much improvement by co-simulation of MATLAB/Simulink and Virtuoso with the help of NN model of Photovoltaic (PV) Cell. The complete system with output voltage of 4.2V to power the battery is designed and fabricated in $0.18~\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology. According to the test results, the system can track the maximum power points (MPP) successfully with average voltage tracking errors of 0.23% (0.01-0.51%) of PV cell 1 and 0.29% (0.01-0.5%) of PV cell 2 when the light intensity changes from 3000lux to 10000lux. Without power hungry current sensor or voltage sensor and other complicated control circuits, the peak efficiency is about 89.39% @ 3000lux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. An alternative approach for the determination of electromechanical parameters of a tubular linear induction motor and its experimental validation.
- Author
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Seal, Monojit and Sengupta, Mainak
- Abstract
This paper presents an alternative approach for offline parameter estimation of a 3-phase, 500 W, 2.5 m/s, 4-pole tubular linear induction motor (TLIM) prototype. The TLIM prototype discussed here has been completely designed, developed, analysed and tested in the laboratory. Linear induction motors (LIMs) inherently have large air-gaps, resulting in a large leakage inductance. Also, presence of end-effects and edge-effects, affect the parameters of the machine. Thus, exact parameter estimation is a challenge in itself. Moreover, finite secondary length (unlike, rotary machines) mechanically limits the experimental steady state observation duration. Thus, parameter estimation of linear motors using conventional methods, originally developed for rotary induction machines, are inconvenient and often not feasible to be applied here. Hence, a novel approach is proposed here involving a combination of experimental results, its analysis and also FEM co-simulation of the motor. The proposed approach is compared with the analytical hand-calculations, conventional method based experiments (like No-Load and Blocked Rotor tests) and earlier proposed methods. There is a significant improvement of accuracy using the proposed method compared to that of the earlier methods. Mechanical parameters are also determined. These can be claimed as significant contributions of the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Synergistic Verification of Hardware Peripherals through Virtual Prototype Aided Cross-Level Methodology Leveraging Coverage-Guided Fuzzing and Co-Simulation.
- Author
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Ahmadi-Pour, Sallar, Logemann, Mathis, Herdt, Vladimir, and Drechsler, Rolf
- Subjects
COMPUTER input-output equipment ,METHODOLOGY ,PROTOTYPE (Linguistics) ,CONTROLLERSHIP ,THERMAL properties - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a Virtual Prototype (VP) driven verification methodology for Hardware (HW) peripherals. In particular, we combine two approaches that complement each other and use the VP as a readily available reference model: We use (A) Coverage-Guided Fuzzing (CGF) which enables comprehensive verification at the unit-level of the Register-Transfer Level (RTL) HW peripheral with a Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) reference, and (B) an application-driven co-simulation-based approach that enables verification of the HW peripheral at the system-level. As a case-study, we utilize a RISC-V Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC) as HW peripheral and use an abstract TLM PLIC implementation from the open source RISC-V VP as the reference model. In our experiments we find three behavioral mismatches and discuss the observation of these, as well as non-functional timing behavior mismatches, that were found through the proposed synergistic approach. Furthermore, we provide a discussion and considerations on the RTL/TLM Transactors, as they embody one keystone in cross-level methods. As the different approaches uncover different mismatches in our case-study (e.g., behavioral mismatches and timing mismatches), we conclude a synergy between the methods to aid in verification efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Co-Simulation of a Cellular Energy System.
- Author
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Venzke, Marcus, Shudrenko, Yevhenii, Youssfi, Amine, Steffen, Tom, Turau, Volker, and Becker, Christian
- Subjects
INFORMATION & communication technologies ,TELECOMMUNICATION systems ,CELL anatomy ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
The concept of cellular energy systems of the German Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies (VDE) proposes sector coupled energy networks for energy transition based on cellular structures. Its decentralized control approach radically differs from that of existing networks. Deeply integrated information and communications technologies (ICT) open opportunities for increased resilience and optimizations. The exploration of this concept requires a comprehensive simulation tool. In this paper, we investigate simulation techniques for cellular energy systems and present a concept based on co-simulation. We combine simulation tools developed for different domains. A classical tool for studying physical aspects of energy systems (Modelica, TransiEnt library) is fused with a state-of-the-art communication networks simulator (OMNeT++) via the standardized functional mock-up interface (FMI). New components, such as cell managers, aggregators, and markets, are integrated via remote procedure calls. A special feature of our concept is that the communication simulator coordinates the co-simulation as a master and integrates other components via a proxy concept. Model consistency across different domains is achieved by a common description of the energy system. Evaluation proves the feasibility of the concept and shows simulation speeds about 20 times faster than real time for a cell with 111 households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. 风电机组惯量响应与一次调频能力研究.
- Author
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郭江涛, 陈烁, 曾瑞斌, 黄丽玲, and 张一丰
- Abstract
Copyright of Southern Energy Construction is the property of Southern Energy Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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28. Coupled filling-curing simulation and optimized design of cure cycle in liquid composite molding
- Author
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Yang, Wenkai, Liu, Wenhao, Jia, Yunlong, and Chen, Wengang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Implementation and Evaluation of Virtualized Protection Intelligent Electronic Devices into a Virtual Substation
- Author
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Dennis Rösch, Kevin Schäfer, and Steffen Nicolai
- Subjects
virtual IED ,IEC 61850 ,co-simulation ,virtualization ,overcurrent protection ,IED ,Electricity ,QC501-721 - Abstract
This paper presents an investigation into the virtualization of substation protection IED functions using a sophisticated co-simulation environment that integrates virtual intelligent electronic devices (vIEDs) with a real-time power grid simulation. Anchored by the IEC 61850 protocol, this study constructs a virtualized IED framework, emphasizing the encapsulation of protection schemes using the example of different types of overcurrent protection within a containerized vIED. Using open-source software, this study aims to replicate the communication and functional aspects of physical IEDs. This study uses a co-simulation environment that couples virtualized network components with a real-time power grid simulation to validate the vIEDs against real substation hardware. Simulation results from induced short-circuit events confirm the operational congruence of the vIEDs with their physical counterparts, demonstrating their potential to serve as cost-effective and adaptable testbeds for substation automation. This paper concludes that virtualized IEDs represent a cost-effective, flexible alternative for substation automation testing, with future research directed towards increasing the functional complexity and real-world applicability of these virtual systems.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
30. Multi-domain approach to modeling pantograph-catenary interaction.
- Author
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Zdziebko, Paweł, Martowicz, Adam, and Uhl, Tadeusz
- Subjects
CATENARY ,POWER supply quality ,VIRTUAL prototypes ,PANTOGRAPH ,CABLE-stayed bridges ,ENERGY dissipation ,PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics) - Abstract
When a railway pantograph interacts with a catenary during the movement of a rail vehicle, several physical phenomena, both mechanical and electrical, occur in the system. These phenomena affect the quality of power supply of a train from traction devices. The unfavourable arcing occurring when there are disturbances of contact between the pantograph’s slider and the catenary contact wire. In turn, it results in energy loss and increased wear of the components of the system. When designing new solutions, computational models are helpful to predict the quality of interaction between the components of the pantograph-contact line system already at the virtual prototyping stage. In this paper, the authors comprehensively present a multi-domain (multiphysics) model, which takes into account necessary conditions for interaction between pantograph elements and a catenary. Finally, the impact of the individual physical domains are analysed and the o [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. An Alternative Multi-Physics-Based Methodology for Strongly Coupled Electro-Magneto-Mechanical Problems.
- Author
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Reato, Federico Maria, Ricci, Claudio, Misfatto, Jan, Calzaferri, Matteo, and Cinquemani, Simone
- Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC actuators ,FINITE volume method ,MAGNETO - Abstract
The analysis of complex systems tends to be approached through a separation and a simplification of the main macro phenomena and, thus, addressed through dedicated techniques, tools, and algorithms. A smart and interesting possibility, instead, is represented by the so-called model-based design analysis, which allows one to interface phenomena coming from interactions of different physical natures. This paper aims to propose a multi-physics Matlab/Simulink
® -based architecture that allows one to integrate general and strongly non-linear coupling phenomena, taking efforts from two novel implemented bi-directional co-simulation routines based on Spice® and ESRF Radia® engines. Emphasis is dedicated to the discussion and description of the co-simulation algorithms and processes characteristic of these routines, which allow the analog electronic and the magneto dynamic domain's integration under a single simulation environment. To highlight the reliability of the multi-domain architecture and to validate the reported co-simulation results, a comparison with the experimental measures obtained on an innovative MEMS electromagnetic actuator are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
32. Application of Multi-Software Engineering: A Review and a Kinetic Parameter Identification Case Study.
- Author
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Csendes, Viktória Flóra, Egedy, Attila, Leveneur, Sébastien, and Kummer, Alex
- Subjects
PARAMETER identification ,CHEMICAL engineering ,SOFTWARE engineering ,DIGITAL twins ,ENGINEERING ,COMPUTING platforms - Abstract
Limitations regarding process design, optimization, and control often occur when using particular process simulators. With the implementation of connection methodologies, integrated tools could be made by coupling popular process simulation software with each other or with programming environments. In the current paper, we summarized and categorized the existing research regarding the application of multi-software engineering in the chemical industry, with an emphasis on software connections. CAPE-OPEN, COM, OPC, and native integration were discussed in detail, with the intention to serve as a guide for choosing the most suitable software combination and connection. These hybrid systems can handle complex user-defined problems and can be used for decision support, performing custom unit operations, operator training, process optimization, building control systems, and developing digital twins. In this work, we proposed the use of process simulator Aspen HYSYS linked together with the numeric computing platform MATLAB to solve a reaction kinetic parameter identification problem regarding the production of γ -valerolactone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
33. Dynamic Simulation of Multiple Launch Rocket System Marching Fire Based on the Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding Mode Control.
- Author
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Qu, Pu, Sun, Zhiqun, Li, Qiang, Zhang, Jiabo, Liu, Pengzhan, and Zhou, Dongmo
- Subjects
ROCKET launching ,SLIDING mode control ,DYNAMIC simulation ,PERMANENT magnet motors ,MULTIBODY systems ,SYSTEMS theory - Abstract
This paper presents a servo control method for the multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) launcher during marching fire operations. The MLRS, being a complex nonlinear system, presents challenges in designing its servo controller. To address this, we introduce the fuzzy adaptive sliding mode control (FASMC) approach. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and controller of the MLRS were simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The dynamic model of the MLRS during marching fire was established using multi-body system theory, vehicle mechanics, and launch dynamics. The dynamic model was then integrated with the FASMC-based controller using the Adams/View module. Numerical calculations were performed to demonstrate the control performance and the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach were validated through a comparison experiment between FASMC and other common control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. On multi-use applications unlocking behind-the-meter flexibility for grid-serving services
- Author
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Florian Schmidtke, Armin Fatemi, Thomas Offergeld, Immanuel Hacker, Borislav Georgiev, and Andreas Ulbig
- Subjects
Multi-use flexibility ,Co-simulation ,Aggregation ,Distributed energy resources ,Grid congestion management ,Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations ,TK1001-1841 - Abstract
This paper introduces multi-use applications to unlock behind-the-meter flexibility by integrating grid-serving capabilities with user-oriented control strategies. We deploy a hierarchical flexibility coordination process in a co-simulation research environment and propose a control strategy prioritizing self-consumption optimization with a secondary focus on grid-serving applications. This approach enhances the viability of behind-the-meter technologies, particularly benefiting battery energy storage systems with high investment costs. It also facilitates active grid operation amid the growing presence of distributed energy resources. The research’s key contribution lies in designing an information architecture to efficiently utilize behind-the-meter flexibility for grid-serving processes. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of a multi-use operation, combining user-oriented optimization and grid-serving flexibility provision for local grid congestion management. The implemented control algorithm in a home energy management system achieves grid-serving objectives while maintaining behind-the-meter asset performance. Co-simulation results show that in less than 2.5% of simulated time steps, transformer utilization exceeds operational limits in both scenarios, indicating the viability of multi-use operation for leveraging new value streams and managing grid congestion simultaneously.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sumonity: Bridging SUMO and Unity for Enhanced Traffic Simulation Experiences
- Author
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Mathias Pechinger and Johannes Lindner
- Subjects
Co-Simulation ,Unity ,Vehicle Control ,Traffic Simulation ,Transportation and communications ,HE1-9990 - Abstract
This paper presents "Sumonity," an interface that bridges SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) and Unity, combining SUMO's robust traffic modeling capabilities with Unity's advanced graphical and physical engine, enhancing realism in traffic simulations. The study explores Sumonity's development and implementation, showcasing its capabilities. The interface offers a significant improvement in simulation fidelity by adopting a pure pursuit control approach within Unity for simulating each traffic agent. This methodological shift allows for more granular control over individual vehicle behaviors, aligning with autonomous and common vehicle dynamics. The paper also discusses the broader implications of Sumonity for future research in this field.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
36. A Multi-Domain Model for Variable Gap Iron-Cored Wireless Power Transmission System.
- Author
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Reato, Federico Maria, Cinquemani, Simone, Ricci, Claudio, Misfatto, Jan, and Calzaferri, Matteo
- Subjects
WIRELESS power transmission ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,POLITICAL succession ,NEAR field communication ,WIRELESS channels ,MIMO radar ,KNOWLEDGE gap theory - Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) devices represent one of the most efficient and increasingly used technologies for the transfer of data and power in the near-field range. This work analyzes and describes a new type of device: a ferrite-cored, variable gap, high-frequency power and data transfer system. The classic theoretical models existing in the literature for near-field communication (NFC) and WPT devices have foreseen a lumped-parameters characterization based on the representation of an equivalent circuit model (ECM). The strict interdependence between the different physical domains has clearly increased the difficulty in predicting the behavior of the device, due to the unwanted continuous and chaotic variation of the parameters. The proposed paper aims to provide a general and reliable multi-physics model based on the co-simulation of a Spice
® -based ECM analysis and the ESRF Radia® -based 3D finite volume methodology (3DFVM), placing particular emphasis on the intrinsic sensitivity with respect to variables that cannot be directly controlled, such as the variation of the air gap between the coupled coils interfaces. Furthermore, this work outlines a detailed and effective experimental methodology for the estimation of static and dynamic electro-magnetic parameters and the validation of the numerical models in both the time and frequency domain, through the analysis of a real coupled WPT device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. HELICS: A Co-Simulation Framework for Scalable Multi-Domain Modeling and Analysis
- Author
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Trevor D. Hardy, Bryan Palmintier, Philip L. Top, Dheepak Krishnamurthy, and Jason C. Fuller
- Subjects
Power system analysis computing ,power system simulation ,HELICS ,co-simulation ,natural gas ,transportation ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
As both the generation resources and load types have changed and grown over the past few decades, there is a growing need for analysis that spans traditional simulation boundaries; for example, evaluating the impact of distribution-level assets (e.g. rooftop solar, EV chargers) on bulk-power system operation. Co-simulation is a technique that allows simulators to trade information during run-time, effectively creating larger and more complex models. HELICS is a co-simulation platform that has been developed to enable these kinds of power system analysis, incorporating tools from a variety of domains including the electrical power grid, natural gas, transportation, and communications. This paper summarizes the technical design of HELICS, describes how tools can be integrated into the platform, and reviews a number of analyses that have been performed using HELICS. A short video summary of this paper can be found at https://youtu.be/BIUiR_K87Wc.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
38. Design and Validation of Cyber-Physical Systems Through Co-Simulation: The Voronoi Tessellation Use Case
- Author
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Cinzia Bernardeschi, Andrea Domenici, Adriano Fagiolini, and Maurizio Palmieri
- Subjects
Cyber-physical systems ,co-simulation ,unmanned aerial vehicles ,space coverage ,Voronoi tessellation ,control parameter calibration ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
This paper reports on the use of co-simulation techniques to build prototypes of co-operative autonomous robotic cyber-physical systems. Designing such systems involves a mission-specific planner algorithm, a control algorithm to drive an agent performing its task; and the plant model to simulate the agent dynamics. An application aimed at positioning a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in a bounded area, exploiting a Voronoi tessellation algorithm developed in this work, is taken as a case study. The paper shows how co-simulation allows testing the complex system at the design phase using models created with different languages and tools. The paper then reports on how the adopted co-simulation platform enables control parameters calibration, by exploiting design space exploration technology. The INTO-CPS co-simulation platform, compliant with the Functional Mock-up Interface standard to exchange dynamic simulation models using various languages, was used in this work. The different software modules were written in Modelica, C, and Python. In particular, the latter was used to implement an original variant of the Voronoi algorithm to tesselate a convex polygonal region, by means of dummy points added at appropriate positions outside the bounding polygon. A key contribution of this case study is that it demonstrates how an accurate simulation of a cooperative drone swarm requires modeling the physical plant together with the high-level coordination algorithm. The coupling of co-simulation and design space exploration has been demonstrated to support control parameter calibration to optimize energy consumption and convergence time to the target positions of the drone swarm. From a practical point of view, this makes it possible to test the ability of the swarm to self-deploy in space in order to achieve optimal detection coverage and allow unmanned aerial vehicles in a swarm to coordinate with each other.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
39. Hybrid Quick Error Detection: Validation and Debug of SoCs Through High-Level Synthesis.
- Author
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Campbell, Keith, Lin, David, He, Leon, Yang, Liwei, Gurumani, Swathi T., Rupnow, Kyle, Mitra, Subhasish, and Chen, Deming
- Subjects
ERROR detection (Information theory) ,SYSTEM integration ,ENERGY consumption ,MAGNITUDE (Mathematics) - Abstract
Validation and debug challenges of system-on-chips (SoCs) are getting increasingly difficult. As we reach the limits of Dennard scaling, efforts to improve system performance and energy efficiency have resulted in the integration of a wide variety of complex hardware accelerators in SoCs. Hence, it is essential to address the validation and debug of hardware accelerators. High-level synthesis (HLS) is a promising technique to rapidly create customized hardware accelerators. In this paper, we present the hybrid quick error detection (H-QED) approach that overcomes validation and debug challenges for hardware accelerators by leveraging HLS techniques in both the presilicon and post-silicon stages. H-QED improves error detection latencies (time elapsed from when a bug is activated to when it is detected) by 2–5 orders of magnitude with one cycle latencies in presilicon scenarios and bug coverage threefold higher compared to traditional validation techniques. H-QED also uncovered previously unknown bugs in the CHStone benchmark suite, which is widely used by the HLS community. H-QED incurs an 8% accelerator area overhead with negligible silicon performance impact for post-silicon stage, and we also introduce techniques to minimize any possible intrusiveness introduced by H-QED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Characteristic Analysis and Temperature Rise Calculation of PMSM Under Different Power Supply Modes.
- Author
-
Lian, Guangkun, Li, Huitao, Chen, Biao, Ban, Fei, and Zhang, Jiahe
- Subjects
POWER resources ,DEBYE temperatures ,PERMANENT magnet motors ,OCEAN wave power ,SINE waves ,SERVOMECHANISMS - Abstract
In the servo system, the performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is affected by the controller. Based on the software interface technology, this paper establishes a cosimulation system of PMSM finite element model and control system, and compares the operating characteristics of the motor under sine wave power supply and inverter power supply. On this basis, the loss and temperature rise of the motor under two power supply modes are calculated. Finally, the temperature rise simulation results are compared with the prototype measurements. The results show that the temperature rise calculation result of the motor when the inverter is powered in the simulation model is very close to the measured result of the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. πHyFlow: formalism, semantics, and applications
- Author
-
Barros, Fernando
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Transmission line modeling co-simulation with distributed delay-size control using steady-state identification
- Author
-
Braun, Robert, Hällqvist, Robert, and Fritzson, Dag
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. OROMACS: A Design Framework for Multi-agent Control System.
- Author
-
Dao, Phong Ba
- Abstract
This paper presents a controller-agent-based design framework (named OROMACS) for the construction of hierarchically structured multi-agent control system (MACS). OROMACS uses the decentralized coordination mechanism to build MACS. Each MACS can be in the form of an elementary controller-agent or a composite controller-agent. The latter consists of a group of elementary and/or composite controller-agents and a coordinator; the coordinator has a role to coordinate the activity behaviour of the whole group. The main idea in creating composite controller-agents is to consider a group of coordinated controller-agents as if it is an individual controlleragent. Then, a composite controller-agent can be used in other groups, leading to hierarchical structures of MACS. To provide real-time features for MACS, the OROMACS framework has used the real-time OROCOS software framework as running environment. The OROMACS-based design method is illustrated through a design of MACS for a single-axis electro-mechanical motion system using a linear motor with the dominant compliance in the transmission. The process starts with the design of an Operation Controller Agent and then reusing its whole design to develop a more complex system called Safe-Guarded MACS. Software-In-the-Loop (SIL) co-simulation results have demonstrated the applicability of the design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Refined Modeling Method and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Direct-Drive Hydrostatic Actuation System.
- Author
-
Lu, Jiayu, Gu, Chaofan, Zhao, Yanjun, Tan, Cao, Lu, Yingtao, and Fu, Changzhong
- Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC actuators ,LINEAR systems ,SLIDING friction ,COMPUTATIONAL electromagnetics ,HYDRAULIC models ,JOB descriptions - Abstract
The hydrostatic actuation system based on linear actuators improves the complex piston force and long transmission path of the traditional electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA). However, new nonlinear factors in the linear actuator and direct-driven piston are introduced into the system, which present challenges to system modeling and control. To improve the accuracy of system performance prediction, this paper analyzed the working characteristics of an electromagnetic direct-drive hydrostatic actuation system (EDHAS). A dynamic model of the electromagnetic linear actuator including the LuGre friction model was established. The high-pressure internal leakage of the direct-drive pump was described by an inclined eccentric leakage model. The Karnopp friction model was applied to solve the problem of switching between viscous and sliding friction in a cylinder. The hydraulic components model was established based on AMESim, and the electromagnetic linear actuator model and the system controller model were established in Matlab/Simulink, to establish a refined electromechanical–hydraulic co-simulation model of the EDHAS with electromagnetic, mechanical, hydraulic, and control coupling. A system performance test platform was built. The simulation results of the direct-drive piston displacement, the system pressure, the system flow rate, and the cylinder displacement match well with experimental results, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the refined modeling method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A Multiphysics Co-Simulation Framework of a Gas Engine and Three-Way Catalyst toward a Complete Vehicle Design Model.
- Author
-
Di Maio, Dario, Stramaccioni, Elena, Misul, Daniela Anna, Napolitano, Pierpaolo, and Beatrice, Carlo
- Subjects
INTERNAL combustion engines ,CHEMICAL processes ,VEHICLE models ,NATURAL gas ,VIRTUAL prototypes - Abstract
In view of the increasingly stringent emission regulations, the automotive sector needs considerable support from the development of robust and reliable engine and aftertreatment models. Accurate reproduction of engine-out and tailpipe pollutants plays a crucial role in complying with these legislations. Given the difficulty in characterizing some critical phenomena, frequently caused by strong dynamics and related to experimental uncertainties, communication between several calibrated and reliable models is mandatory. This is certainly valid for powertrains that will be powered with alternative gas fuels such as natural gas, bio-methane and hydrogen in the future. This paper describes a methodology to co-simulate a 1D CNG HD 6-cyl engine model and a 1D quasi-steady Three-Way Catalyst model in a global framework for high-fidelity virtual prototyping of the vehicle system. Through the implementation of a dedicated control logic in MATLAB/Simulink, the modeling architecture allows for the reproduction of the engine performance parameters together with the evaluation of the TWC pollutants' conversion efficiency. An extensive database of experimental tests was used to assess the model response. The latter was validated in multiple steady-state operating conditions of the engine workplan. Using a semi-predictive combustion model, the validation was carried out over a wide range of different air-to-fuel ratios and during fast rich/lean transitions to evaluate the formation and conversion phenomena of the main chemical species, both engine-out and tailpipe. Subsequently, the complete model was validated in dynamic conditions throughout a WHTC, accurately reproducing the cut-off phases and their sudden accelerations. The numerical–experimental agreement on pollutant reproduction is generally good and globally below 3%. Larger deviations occur in extremely rich conditions and in CH
4 emission evaluation due to the lack of information related to the combustion process and chemical mechanisms involving the Pd surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. On multi-use applications unlocking behind-the-meter flexibility for grid-serving services.
- Author
-
Schmidtke, Florian, Fatemi, Armin, Offergeld, Thomas, Hacker, Immanuel, Georgiev, Borislav, and Ulbig, Andreas
- Subjects
- *
BATTERY storage plants , *POWER plants , *ENERGY management , *POWER resources - Abstract
This paper introduces multi-use applications to unlock behind-the-meter flexibility by integrating grid-serving capabilities with user-oriented control strategies. We deploy a hierarchical flexibility coordination process in a co-simulation research environment and propose a control strategy prioritizing self-consumption optimization with a secondary focus on grid-serving applications. This approach enhances the viability of behind-the-meter technologies, particularly benefiting battery energy storage systems with high investment costs. It also facilitates active grid operation amid the growing presence of distributed energy resources. The research's key contribution lies in designing an information architecture to efficiently utilize behind-the-meter flexibility for grid-serving processes. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of a multi-use operation, combining user-oriented optimization and grid-serving flexibility provision for local grid congestion management. The implemented control algorithm in a home energy management system achieves grid-serving objectives while maintaining behind-the-meter asset performance. Co-simulation results show that in less than 2.5 % of simulated time steps, transformer utilization exceeds operational limits in both scenarios, indicating the viability of multi-use operation for leveraging new value streams and managing grid congestion simultaneously. • Multi-use applications can unlock flexibility potentials hidden behind-the-meter. • Behind-the-meter flexibility can serve for local grid congestion management. • Stacking grid-serving applications obtains good results regarding utilization. • Multi-use applications can add new value streams to behind-the-meter flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The influence of vehicle system dynamics on rail foot heat transfer.
- Author
-
Bosomworth, Chris, Spiryagin, Maksym, Alahakoon, Sanath, and Cole, Colin
- Subjects
ROLLING stock ,MOTOR vehicle dynamics ,SCHEDULING ,HEAT transfer ,THERMOGRAPHY ,RAILROADS - Abstract
As rail operators look for efficiency improvement, a new trend towards integration of detection technologies on revenue raising rolling stock has emerged, the objective being that a saving can be made by eliminating specialised rolling stock and reducing network scheduling. An area currently attracting research attention in the Australian heavy haul segment is the detection of rail foot flaws from moving vehicles through the use of Infrared Thermography. This paper presents a modelling and simulation methodology for full train simulation using a co-simulation approach for calculating heat transfer in the rail under a number of different vehicle system dynamics cases. The excitation source for the heat transfer focuses only on wheel/rail contact mechanics. The paper will explore the problem from a Modulated Thermography perspective that uses periodic heating and observation of the heating process for flaw detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Max-consensus protocol to determine the regulated node in distributed voltage regulation.
- Author
-
Danner, Dominik and de Meer, Hermann
- Subjects
MULTIAGENT systems ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,VOLTAGE ,TELECOMMUNICATION systems ,REACTIVE power ,MICROGRIDS - Abstract
Literature that deals with optimal voltage regulation in the power distribution grid often neglects the impact of communication on their control strategies or makes hard assumptions about the communication network. This paper extends a nearly optimal reactive power allocation mechanisms for distributed renewable energy sources with communication considerations and proposes a max-consensus-based communication schema to determine the regulated node in a distributed manner. The proposed consensus mechanisms is validated by co-simulation of a multi-agent system, the IEEE 906 low voltage test feeder and a simple communication simulator to evaluate the impact of message delay and communication network topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Tutorial and Review on Flight Control Co-Simulation Using Matlab/Simulink and Flight Simulators.
- Author
-
Horri, Nadjim and Pietraszko, Mikolaj
- Subjects
FLIGHT control systems ,FLIGHT testing of airplanes ,COMPUTER software ,COMPUTER algorithms - Abstract
Flight testing in a realistic three-dimensional virtual environment is increasingly being considered a safe and cost-effective way of evaluating aircraft models and their control systems. The paper starts by reviewing and comparing the most popular personal computer-based flight simulators that have been successfully interfaced to date with the MathWorks software. This co-simulation approach allows combining the strengths of Matlab toolboxes for functions including navigation, control, and sensor modeling with the advanced simulation and scene rendering capabilities of dedicated flight simulation software. This approach can then be used to validate aircraft models, control algorithms, flight handling chatacteristics, or perform model identification from flight data. There is, however, a lack of sufficiently detailed step-by-step flight co-simulation tutorials, and there have also been few attempts to evaluate more than one flight co-simulation approach at a time. We, therefore, demonstrate our own step-by-step co-simulation implementations using Simulink with three different flight simulators: Xplane, FlightGear, and Alphalink's virtual flight test environment (VFTE). All three co-simulations employ a real-time user datagram protocol (UDP) for data communication, and each approach has advantages depending on the aircraft type. In the case of a Cessna-172 general aviation aircraft, a Simulink co-simulation with Xplane demonstrates successful virtual flight tests with accurate simultaneous tracking of altitude and speed reference changes while maintaining roll stability under arbitrary wind conditions that present challenges in the single propeller Cessna. For a medium endurance Rascal-110 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Simulink is interfaced with FlightGear and with QGroundControl using the MAVlink protocol, which allows to accurately follow the lateral UAV path on a map, and this setup is used to evaluate the validity of Matlab-based six degrees of freedom UAV models. For a smaller ZOHD Nano Talon miniature aerial vehicle (MAV), Simulink is interfaced with the VFTE, which was specifically designed for this MAV, and with QGroundControl for the testing of advanced H-infinity observer-based autopilots using a software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation to achieve robust low altitude flight under windy conditions. This is then finally extended to hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation on the Nano Talon MAV using a controller area network (CAN) databus and a Pixhawk-4 mini autopilot with simulated sensor models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A Multi-Source Co-Simulation Method for the Thermal Stability of GaAs Sub-6G Power Amplifier with Adjustable Bias Current.
- Author
-
Ma, Yuanbo, Wu, Zhaohui, and Li, Bin
- Subjects
POWER amplifiers ,THERMAL stability ,THERMAL resistance ,HETEROJUNCTION bipolar transistors ,AUDITING standards ,GALLIUM arsenide - Abstract
In this paper, the thermal stability of GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) power amplifier (PA) in a sub-6G band has been improved by a multi-source co-simulation method. To reduce the parameter errors caused by the variations of thermal resistances, a co-simulation method for the multiple heat sources of fully-integrated PA is proposed. Specifically, an adjustable bias circuit is applied on the PA for temperature compensation using a zero-to-absolute-temperature (ZTAT) current. To verify the proposed method, a sub-6G PA is realized in the GaAs HBT process. The experimental results show that the variations in power added efficiency and output power is stabilized due to the 3.5% error ZTAT current. The errors between simulation and measurement are reduced from 6% to 1%. According to the thermal factor defined in co-simulation, the working temperature decreases 10 °C, while the area only increases 27%. The above results prove that that thermal stability and the simulation reliability can be co-designed with the minimal area cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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