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In modeling the characteristics of a cartridge valve with traditional methods, it is commonly required to determine the value of flow area and other coefficients such as discharge coefficient and jet angle, etc. However, these parameters often rely heavily on empirical or experimental data and often involve some uncertainties, especially with the variation of the spool displacement (valve opening). To avoid these uncertainties, this paper proposes a modeling method which calculates spool force and flow rate directly through the distribution of fluid field. Transient 3D flow field simulation with dynamic mesh technique is conducted using commercial code FLUENT, and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method is introduced to simplify fluid field data. The results showed that the POD method can capture the main features of the fluid field while significantly reducing the amount of data. With reconstructed pressure field and velocity field, spool force and flow rate can be calculated directly without using traditional formulas which contain uncertain coefficients. Valve characteristics calculated with this method agree with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental data well, which confirms the validity and effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to list the recent developments in the area of arc welding heat transfer simulation. Fusion welding modeling is a broad area where a number of research groups were spending their efforts to get solutions for both research and industrial problems. Starting from fundamentals of arc physics, heat transfer, microstructure models, thermal stress, and modern techniques like pattern recognition comes into picture while considering the complete solution of welding-related problems. These areas are developing almost independently and there are only few efforts to couple them together as computational welding mechanics, which includes the computational fluid mechanics, magneto hydrodynamics, thermo mechanical problems, and computational material science. Here, an effort is made to list down major developments in this area and to plot the present state of research on the TIG welding heat transfer modeling by giving priority to last few years of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents computational fluid dynamics approach to prediction of the heat transfer coefficient for nucleate pool boiling under high heat fluxes. The 3-D numerical simulations of the atmospheric saturated pool boiling are performed. Mathematical modelling of pool boiling requires a treatment of vapor-liquid twophase mixture on the macro level, as well as on the micro level, such as bubble growth and departure from the heating surface. Two-phase flow is modelled by the two-fluid model, which consists of the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations for each phase. Interface transfer processes are calculated by the closure laws. Micro level phenomena on the heating surface are modelled with the bubble nucleation site density, the bubble resistance time on the heating wall and with the certain level of randomness in the location of bubble nucleation sites. The developed model was used to determine the heat transfer coefficient and results of numerical simulations are compared with available experimental results and several empirical correlations. A considerable scattering of the predictions of the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient by experimental correlations is observed, while the numerically predicted values are within the range of results calculated by wellknown Kutateladze, Mostinski, Kruzhilin, and Rohsenow correlations. The presented numerical modelling approach is original regarding both the application of the two-fluid two-phase model for the determination of heat transfer coefficient in pool boiling and the defined boundary conditions at the heated wall surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) in the area of porous media and adsorption cooling system is becoming more practical due to the significant improvement in computer power. The results from previous studies have shown that CFD can be useful tool for predicting the water vapour flow pattern, temperature, heat transfer and flow velocity and adsorption rate. This paper investigates the effect of silica gel granular size on the water adsorption rate using computational fluid dynamics and gravimetric experimental (TGA) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents key assumptions of the mathematical model which describes heat and mass transfer phenomena in a solar sewage drying process, as well as techniques used for solving this model with the Fluent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Special attention was paid to implementation of boundary conditions on the sludge surface, which is a physical boundary between the gaseous phase -- air, and solid phase -- dried matter. Those conditions allow to model heat and mass transfer between the media during first and second drying stages. Selection of the computational geometry is also discussed -- it is a fragment of the entire drying facility. Selected modelling results are presented in the final part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with an important issue from the field of thermoacoustics -- the numerical modelling of the flow field in the thermoacoustic engine. The presented way of modelling is based on the solution to fundamental fluid mechanics equations that govern the flow of compressible, viscous, and heat-transferring gas. The paper presents the way of modelling the thermoacoustic engine, the way of conducting calculations and the results which illustrate the correctness of the selected computational technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the last years, there has been a rapid growth of research and development activities on high temperature molten salts for nuclear and non-nuclear applications. The study of their heat transfer characteristics is a key issue in the current development of the molten salt reactor (MSR) that is one of the innovative nuclear reactors proposed by the Generation IV International Forum. The MSR is a sort of circulating fuel reactor (CFR), which adopts a molten halide salt mixture containing the fissile material and playing the distinctive role of both fuel and coolant. In a thermal-neutron-spectrum MSR, the reactor core is composed by a graphite matrix (neutron moderator), through which the liquid nuclear fuel flows and leads to a strong and intrinsic coupling between thermo-hydrodynamics and neutronics. This peculiar feature requires a suitable and qualified multi-physics simulation environment for a proper description of the system (fuel/coolant+graphite) behaviour. With reference to such complex and non-linear system, the present work is intended to give two different but linked contributions, in the perspective of a multi-physics modelling able to accurately describe the synergy of the involved different physical phenomena (e.g., by means of software). [(I)] On one hand, this work is aimed at establishing a useful validation framework for the assessment of computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) analyses of liquids with internal heat generation. For this purpose, an analytic approach for both fluid velocity and temperature fields in a circular pipe surrounded by a solid region has been developed. It is an extension of the approach elaborated for pipe flow in (Di Marcello, V., Cammi, A., Luzzi, L., 2010. A generalized approach to heat transfer in pipe flow with internal heat generation. Chemical Engineering Science 65, 1301−1310), in order to take into account the heat conduction in the solid domain (represented by the graphite matrix in the specific case of interest). [(II)] On the other hand, the paper presents a preliminary investigation of the thermal-hydraulic behaviour occurring in a typical graphite-moderated MSR core channel. The developed analytic approach has been conveniently applied to this case study: (i) by testing the capabilities of to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics and the hydrodynamic behaviour of such system; and (ii) by investigating the applicability of correlations for the Nusselt number to fluids with internal heat generation. For a deeper insight into the numerical solutions provided by COMSOL, a code-to-code comparison has been also carried out, adopting a dedicated CFD finite volume software (i.e., FLUENT®). As a result, a satisfactory agreement has been found between the analytic solution and the numerical computations provided by COMSOL and FLUENT for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. As concerns the Nusselt number evaluation, the correlations usually adopted for molten salts have been proved as unsuitable for the analysed system, whereas the correlation advanced in the above mentioned paper (that explicitly takes account of the internal heat source) appears more appropriate. The results of the present work are thought to be useful because they provide: (i) a “generalized” analytic approach to the heat transfer that is applicable in a more general context; (ii) an insight into the heat transfer characteristics of the considered graphite-moderated MSR core channel; and (iii) a preliminary assessment of computations that is essential in view of the adoption of multi-physics tools (like COMSOL) for more complex and representative simulations of the dynamic behaviour of the molten salt reactor, and more in general of other kinds of CFRs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Despite the fact that the conventional one-dimensional model for counter-flow spray separation tower is advanced in reasonable accuracy as well as time and computational resources saving, it fails to describe the physical processes in details. In this paper, the concept of supersaturated state of the moist air was introduced, then a new sectional one-dimensional model was developed with a detailed derivation. A prototypic apparatus was set up and the reliability of the model was validated by the experimental study. When predicting the outlet solution temperature and outlet moist air wet bulb temperature, the relative errors would be more pronounced with a bigger heat and mass transfer driving potential, but they would not exceed 3.59% and 9.54% respectively under the experimental conditions. The simplifying assumptions, the ignored heat and mass transfer at cyclone region and the measuring errors are mainly blamed for the predicted errors. An in-depth heat and mass transfer investigation was conducted with the help of the validated model by studying the profiles of humidity ratio and moist air dry bulb temperature. The proposed model succeeded in capturing the state transformation of the air flow along the axis of the tower and the effects of the operating parameters on the process profiles are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the effect of changing the aspect ratio on the heat transfer and flow quantities over in-line tube banks. Two types of in-line arrangements were employed; square and non-square configurations. The models that were examined are a standard k-ε model, SST k-ω model, v2-f model, EB k-ε model and EB-RSM model. The closer results to the experimental data and LES were obtained by the EB k-ε and v2-f models. For the square pitch ratios, the solution has faced a gradual change from a strong asymmetric to asymmetric and then to a perfect symmetry. The strong asymmetric solution was found by the very narrow aspect ratio of 1.2. However, the behaviour of cases of 1.5 and 1.6 became less strong than that predicted in the case of 1.2. In the larger aspect ratio of 1.75, the flow behaviour is seen to be absolutely symmetric for all variables under consideration except Nusselt number. For the very large pitch ratio of 5, the flow has recorded maximum distributions for all parameters on the windward side of the central tube with a perfect symmetric solution around the angle of 180° while the vortex shedding frequency has recorded minimum value and the Strouhal number; therefore, has given the smallest value. However, for the non-square pitch ratio of constant transverse distance, the solution is still asymmetric for all parameters with merely one stagnation at the angle of 52° at the case of the 1.5 × 1.75 while by increasing the longitudinal distance to 2 and 5, the solution provided a comprehensive symmetry for all variables with two vortices are fully developed mirrored in shape on the leeward side of the central tube. On the contrary, for the non-square pitch ratio of constant longitudinal distance, the flow of the case of 1.75 × 1.5 provided two stagnation locations at around 52° and 308° with a very similar solution to the case square ratio of 1.75 for all variables whereas by increasing the transverse distance to 2 and 5, the solution recorded was not perfectly symmetric resulting in two different vortices and one stagnation position located at the leading edge of the cylinder provided by the case of 5 × 1.5. In terms of vortex shedding effect, the reduction in the Strouhal number at a constant transverse pitch is less steep than those at a constant longitudinal pitch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve cooling and energy utilization efficiency, under-floor flexible baffles (UFBs) was applied to transform the under-floor airflow pattern in this paper. The application of UFBs impacted the airflow pattern within the Cold aisle containment (CAC). As a result, the exhaust air temperatures of racks were reduced and the exhaust air temperature distribution of the racks was better distributed. The results indicated that, although the use of CAC reduced the exhaust air temperature of racks and the maximum temperature of local hotspot, the air temperature distribution of the racks presented as a non-uniform distribution and the temperature of local hotspot was still high. However, not only could UFBs further reduce exhaust air temperature, but also it made the exhaust airflow more uniform. When the angle between the baffle and CRACs outlet air orientation was at 45, the maximum temperature of local hotspots dropped most, which was from 30.5℃ to 28.4℃ and achieved a 2.1℃ temperature drop. Under the circumstance, the exhaust air temperature distribution was more uniform compared to the data center with CAC but without UFBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through analysis the MIG groove welding process and the welding experimental result, a complete two-dimensional mathematical model of weld section molten pool characteristics was established. Use Gaussian heat source distribution to describe the weld heat source, introduced the welding speed to establish transient heat source model on the cross section. By introducing scalar of liquid fraction, mushy region dynamic character which was described using “Darcy” model proposed for porous media, and phase change which was taken into account using source-based method, establish a unified liquid and solid control equation, CFD model was established to simulate transient heat and mass transfer phenomena in welding process. The effect of surface tension was considered in the molten pool free surface stress model. The reliability of the model was verified by experiments. The effect of groove angle, groove depth and the welding speed on the molten pool were discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of the e-cooling project which has been granted by OutoKumpu and Intel. The author has been project manager aiming for optimization of the heat sink application. In this regard, several articles through 2006 to 2012, have been published to explain the chain of the process (casting, machining, welding) using the Pin-Fin technology. In 2011 to 2015, The project has been recapped and aiming to develop next design heatsink (combined copper-Aluminum heat sink) with special focus for the subsea application. The Risk analyses of the new heat sink design have also been studied. A new model has been developed for industrial production/optimization process from casting to final processing. The mathematical modeling has been primarily employed to solve the source code addressing the energy of the dissipation rate using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The Ansys Fluent has been employed as the modeling software to implement the source term as subroutine. In this industrial research work the implementation of the mathematical modeling in the Ansys Fluent software is a critical part of the work aiming for design and optimization of the heat sink within SCI application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical model for heat and mass transfer in vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) under laminar flow was developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of temperature and concentration polarization in single and multiple fibre VMD modules were used to estimate permeate flux (kg m −2 h −1 ) over a range of temperatures (30–70 °C), vacuum pressures (10–100 mmHg), crossflow velocities (0.0072–0.72 m/s), and feed concentrations (0–0.4 kg/L NaCl). Simulated flux differed by less than 7% from experimental data for a module with comparable dimensions. Simulations indicate that a 56% increase in fibre packing density resulted in a 24% flux decline at high operating temperature (70 °C), and more than 50% flux decline at low crossflow velocity (0.0072 m/s). The effect of vacuum pressure on flux was found to be independent to the module packing density, while the effect of salt concentration was found to be 28% lower than estimates based on Raoult's law, due to lower spatial variations in membrane surface temperatures at higher salt concentrations. The approach developed in this paper may be used to evaluate performance of alternative configurations for VMD models to aid module design, scale-up and process optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the application of a mathematical model for simulation of the swirling flow in a tube induced by elliptic-cut and classical twist tape inserts. Effects of the twist ratio (y = 2.93, 3.91, and 4.89) and cut depth (w = 0.4, 0.8, and 1.4 cm) on heat transfer enhancement (Nu) and friction factor (f ) in laminar flow are numerically investigated. The simulation is carried out using commercial CFD package (FLUENT-6.3.26) to grasp the physical behaviour of the thermal and fluid flows of a constant heat-fluxed tube fitted with elliptic-cut twist tape in the laminar flow regime for the Reynolds number ranging from200 to 2100. The simulated results matched the literature correlations of plain tube for validation with 8% variation for Nusselt number and 10% for friction factor. The results show that the heat transfer rate and friction factor in the tube equipped with elliptic-cut twist tape (ECT) are significantly higher than those fitted with classical twist tape (CTT). Moreover the results also reveal that the Nusselt number and the friction factor in the tube with elliptic-cut twisted tape (ECT) increase with decreasing twist ratios (y) and cut depths (w). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reports a study of steady-state heat transfer of gas and liquid flowing through a packed bed with spherical particles of 2.06mm and constant wall temperature with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs). The effect of gas and liquid flow rates on heat transfer in packed beds are discussed. The effective radial bed conductivity (λ er ) is calculated based on the steady-state two dimensional model. The results of the CFD simulations have been validated with experiments and they are in a good agreement. For most of the cases the results of the CFD simulations deviate from the experimental results not more than 10%. The results show that the effective radial bed conductivity increases with increase of the velocity of gas and liquid. In trickle flow regime the effective radial bed conductivity is much bigger than in a dry gas flow regime. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An experimental validation for a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an effectiveness-number of transfer units (ε-NTU) model for tubes in a large phase change material (PCM) tank has been conducted. The inlet and outlet heat transfer fluid (HTF) temperatures as well as twelve temperature locations in the PCM tank were compared with the CFD results. The average effectiveness of the phase change process of each experimental point was also compared with results from the CFD as well as the ε-NTU models. From this study, it was concluded that the CFD model and the ε-NTU model developed can accurately predict the behaviour of the thermal storage system during the freezing process. There are however, discrepancies in the melting process due to the exclusion of the effect of natural convection in the models. Using the experimental results, an effective thermal conductivity has been determined to account for buoyancy for various distances of tubes. The paper gives details of the CFD model of the phase change thermal storage system, and presents results from the CFD model, experiments and ε-NTU model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper discusses two practical aspects of reduced-order models (ROMs) based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and presents the derivation and implementation of a ROM for non-isothermal multiphase flow. The POD method calculates basis functions for a reduced-order representation of two-phase flow by calculating the eigenvectors of an autocorrelation matrix composed of snapshots of the flow. The flow is divided into transient and quasi-steady regions and two methods are shown for clustering snapshots in the transient region. Both methods reduce error as compared to the constant sampling case. The ROM for non-isothermal flow was developed using numerical results from a full-order computational fluid dynamics model for a two-dimensional non-isothermal fluidized bed. Excellent agreement is shown between the reduced- and full-order models. The composition of the autocorrelation matrix is also considered for an isothermal case. An approach treating field variables separately is shown to produce less error than a coupled approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, convective heat transfer effect on the non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in the horizontal tube with constant heat flux was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For this purpose, non-Newtonian nanofluid containing Al2O3 and Xanthan aqueous solution as a liquid single phase with two average particle sizes of 45 and 150nm and four particle concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 6wt.% and two concentrations of Xanthan aqueous solutions (0.6,1.0wt.%) were used. Effect of particle size and concentration of Xanthan solution on convective heat transfer coefficient was investigated in different Reynolds numbers (500< Re <2500) for various axial locations of tube. The results showed that heat transfer coefficient and Nu number of non-Newtonian nanofluid increased with increasing concentration of Xanthan solution. By applying the modeling results, an equation was obtained for Nusselt number prediction using the dimensionless numbers. The results showed that the correlated data were in very good agreement with predicted data. The maximum error was around 5%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Thermal performance in oil-immersed power transformers is governed by the flow of oil, acting both as an electrical insulator and a medium for the transfer of heat generated in the core and windings toward the tank and the surrounding air. This paper presents the development of an advanced three-dimensional (3D) finite element model for the coupled solution of heat transfer and fluid flow equations governing transformer thermal performance. The main advantages of the proposed method are: (i) no need to predefine the convection coefficients at the interfaces between the active part/tank walls and the circulating oil, (ii) detailed representation of specific transformer parts that play an important role in the accurate representation of oil flow and heat dissipation (such as winding cooling ducts and corrugated tank panels) through an automated design process, enhancing the model accuracy with the least possible computational effort and (iii) accurate definition of the transformer heat sources (core and windings loss). The proposed methodology provides an integrated tool for thermal simulation, able to predict detailed thermal distribution in a specific transformer, without requiring prior knowledge of nodal temperature or temperature gradient values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the study object of an 100kt/a SL-II ethylene cracking furnace, this paper used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to carry out coupled simulation studies on the flow, combustion, radiative heat transfer and thermal cracking reaction processes in the cracking furnace. The standard k–ε two-equation model was applied to turbulence simulation. The finite-rate/eddy-dissipation model was used for modeling of non-premixed combustion of the bottom burners and premixed combustion of the sidewall burners. The Discrete Ordinates (DO) model was applied to the simulation of radiative heat transfer of furnace. The simulation results show the detailed information about velocity, temperature and concentration fields in the furnace and heat flux distribution on the reactor tubes skin. This work will provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the geometrical structure and operational parameters of the cracking furnace. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reviews some of our recent applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model heat and mass transfer problems in neonatology and investigates the major heat and mass-transfer mechanisms taking place in medical devices, such as incubators, radiant warmers and oxygen hoods. It is shown that CFD simulations are very flexible tools that can take into account all modes of heat transfer in assisting neonatal care and improving the design of medical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It has been well established that heat transfer in a helical coil is higher than that in a corresponding straight pipe. However, the detailed characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside helical coil is not available from the present literature. This paper brings out clearly the variation of local Nusselt number along the length and circumference at the wall of a helical pipe. Movement of fluid particles in a helical pipe has been traced. CFD simulations are carried out for vertically oriented helical coils by varying coil parameters such as (i) pitch circle diameter, (ii) tube pitch and (iii) pipe diameter and their influence on heat transfer has been studied. After establishing influence of these parameters, correlations for prediction of Nusselt number has been developed. A correlation to predict the local values of Nusselt number as a function of angular location of the point is also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of the pressure drop in ceramic foams for solar air receiver applications. There are three main aims in this study. The first is to measure the pressure drop in the studied ceramic foams, and to build an empirical model based on the experimental results and a parametric numerical simulation. The second aim is to study flow field characteristics in the ceramic foams, especially in the vicinity of the interface. The third is to study the pressure drop characteristics of two modified structures (by manufacturing holes on the ceramic foams) that are expected to decrease the pressure drop in ceramic foams, but maintain good heat transfer properties. The experimental results from the samples, including two modified structures, along with the simulation results, show that the pressure drop in the ceramic foams follows a modified Darcy relationship. The experimental results also show that the two modified structures dramatically decrease the pressure drop (with pressure drop decreases up to 70% at a superficial velocity of 5m/s). Based on both the experimental and the simulation results, a generalized model for predicting the pressure drop in ceramic foams was proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A three-dimensional mathematical model of the working face in mine was set up by using computational fluid dynamics, and the moving and heat exchange of the multiphase flow in ventilation pipeline in mine was simulated. The distribution of the wall temperature was simplified, and the gas and grain are included in this paper. The coupling effect between the phases were considered in this model to reflect their relations. The changing of one phase according to the other one can be stated. The distribution of the temperature of the air without vapor and that of multiphase flow were compared. An effective tool for simulating the system of ventilation in mine and efficient running of it were stated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Various properties of turbulence are discussed with a perspective of their influence on turbulence modelling (TM). The paper considers the relation between spectral properties and TM, the inherent errors associated with TM, the distinction between modelling and numerical errors, local and global processes in turbulence development, the influence of dimensionality on applicability of various models, the potential of LES, and wall proximity corrections. The emphasis is on understanding when and why TM works, not on demonstrative results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The power densities present within a fusion device and its heating systems require the use of high heat flux (HHF) devices to sustain power densities >10MW/m2 in steady state. One such device, known as the Hypervapotron, uses internal water cooling along with a series of fins and cavities perpendicular to the flow to maximise the heat transfer capability. UKAEA, in collaboration with Cranfield University, have initiated a study whereby computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software will be used to predict the variation of heat transfer coefficients (HTC) throughout the Hypervapotron, allowing accurate calculations of both thermal and thermo-mechanical performance. In this paper, the first steps in this process are presented. In particular, different turbulence models are assessed and best practices identified for predicting single phase flow and heat transfer within Hypervapotron-sized cavities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An improved understanding of the heat transfer in materials consisting of two layers (splat and substrate) is essential for many industrial applications. We are interested in the deposition, rapid cooling and solidification of metal droplets (known as splats) brought into contact with a cold substrate. We therefore need to understand the temperature history in both the splat and the substrate, including phase change phenomena. A new model of the thermal contact resistance based on a random distribution of contact points, rather than the uniform distribution commonly used, is presented in this paper. Phase change has been also considered, using the enthalpy-porosity formulation. Simulations have been conducted with the commercial package CFX-4. The computational results for the cooling rate of the splat obtained using the random contact distribution model are in good agreement with available experimental results. In addition, results obtained from the random model provide information on the inhomogeneity affecting the temperature at the interface between the splat and the substrate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Fine powders in the size range of 20-200 μm are widely used in industries for fluid bed operations and are ideal for gas-solid reactions because of their large external surface areas and favorable heat transfer rates. The fine powders have very poor flow characteristics. Most of the earlier research work in heat transfer in bubbling fluidized beds is focused on coarse grained Geldart B and D particles. Acoustic energy of sufficient intensity and sound pressure level improved the quality of fluidization of fine powders. The objective of this investigation is experimental analysis and CFD simulations for heat transfer in a fluidized bed of fine powders at different acoustic conditions. The Eulerian approach has been identified as an efficient method for the numerical simulation of fluidized beds. The experimental and CFD results are in good agreement with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]