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Background: Decision models are increasingly used to inform policy-making processes, and there is a need to improve their credibility. The estimation of health and economic outcomes generated from decision models is influenced by the development process itself. This paper aims to present the conceptual model development process of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) policy models in the UK setting. Methods: This conceptual model followed the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research-Society of Medical Decision Making (ISPOR-SMDM) Modelling Good Research Practices Task Force-2. Results: First, for the conceptualisation of the problem, the CMD disease staging, progression and current clinical guidelines were summarised, followed by a systematic review of published policy models. We critically appraised policy models such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Key messages from the review emphasised the importance of understanding various determinants influencing model development, including risk factors, model structure, models' parameters, data utilisation, economic perspective, equality/equity consideration, transparency and validation process. Second, as a sequential process, is model conceptualisation, to determine which modelling types and their attributes best represent the defined problem. Expert opinions, including a clinician and experienced modellers, provided input on the state transition model to ensure the structure is clinically relevant. From this stage, the consideration and agreement to establish a disease state in a state transition model was discussed. Conclusion: This conceptual model serves as a basis for representing the systematic process for structuring a CMD policy model to enhance its transparency and credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human digital twins are computational models of the human actions involved in interacting and operating technical artifacts. Such models provide a conceptual and practical tool for artificial intelligence designers when they seek to replace human work with intelligent machines. Indeed, digital twins have long served as models of technical and cyber-physical processes. Human digital twins have such models as their foundations but also include models of human actions. As a result, human digital twin models enable technology designers to model how people interact with intelligent technical artifacts. Yet, development of human digital twins is associated with certain conceptual problems. To clarify the basic idea, we constructed a human digital twin for Minsky's M-Machine. The abstract conceptual structure of this machine and its generality allowed us to analyze the general properties of human digital twins, their design, and their use as tools in designing intelligent technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the ability of three conceptual stochastic models (one-box, two-box, and diffusion models) to reproduce essential features of sea surface temperature variability on intra-annual time scales. The variability of sea surface temperature, which is particularly influenced by feedback mechanisms in ocean surface–atmosphere coupling processes, is characterized by power spectral density, commonly used to analyze the response of dynamical systems to random forcing. The models are aimed at studying local effects of ocean–atmosphere interactions. Comparing observed and theoretical power spectra shows that in dynamically inactive ocean regions (e.g., north-eastern part of the Pacific Ocean), sea surface temperature variability can be described by linear stochastic models such as one-box and two-box models. In regions of the world ocean (e.g., north-western Pacific Ocean, subtropics of the North Atlantic, the Southern Ocean), in which the observed sea surface temperature spectra on the intra-annual time scales do not obey the ν − 2 law (where ν is a regular frequency), the formation mechanisms of sea surface anomalies are mainly determined by ocean circulation rather than by local ocean–atmosphere interactions. The diffusion model can be used for simulating sea surface temperature anomalies in such areas of the global ocean. The models examined are not able to reproduce the variability of sea surface temperature over the entire frequency range for two primary reasons; first, because the object of study, the ocean surface mixed layer, changes during the year, and second, due to the difference in the physics of processes involved at different time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jakarta is the center of Indonesia's economy and development. However, the city of Jakarta suffers from many problems related to groundwater, and good groundwater governance is needed to realize groundwater sustainability. Groundwater management can be initiated by undertaking conceptual and numerical groundwater modeling. This paper reviews several previous studies related to groundwater modeling of the Jakarta groundwater basin that have provided information about the groundwater system and groundwater quantity. However, improvements are required for any further studies. The critical challenges to providing a complete picture of the groundwater conditions in the Jakarta groundwater basin are the availability of reliable data and improved groundwater flow models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper examines how logistics mangers increase performance by incorporating VAS in their distribution centres in the context of different natures of customer demand. The study is underpinned by the principles of lean and agile strategies as two key concepts that can be applied to respond to different customer expectations. Methods: Based on the phenomenological interpretivist paradigm, an empirical multiple-case study was conducted in German distribution centres operated by six companies. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, built on the triangulation of sources. Open, axial, and selective coding were employed to analyse data collected through eighteen in-depth interviews with managers from the distribution centres. Results: The findings indicated that the construct of customer demand forms different benefits that the logistics service providers can achieve through VAS. Simultaneously, various customer demands on VAS requires the distribution centres to focus on developing different operational capabilities to gain superior performance. Conclusions: Based on the research findings, a conceptual model was created. This model can support logistics service providers in improving company performance through effectively managing VAS in their distribution centres. The high dynamic VAS customer demand can bring more financial and non-financial benefits but needs higher flexibility in the warehouse operation system. Stable and predictable VAS, in turn, require a higher degree of standardisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media live streaming, in the form of live video and user stories, is widely used by influencers, organisations and individuals to connect with their audiences. Its popularity is well-established in a range of theoretical and managerial contexts. However, there is a lack of scholarship on the role of this phenomenon on consumer decision-making. Filling this gap in the research is essential due to the importance of consumer decision-making in marketing and brand strategy development in organisations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore and outline the nature of the influence of live stream on the consumer decision-making. The study was part of a 12-month Netnography consisting of participant observation and social media monitoring of brand pages and branded hashtags on social media platforms, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Instagram. A thematic analysis revealed five main themes and a conceptual model is proposed which outlines the social media live stream's influence on consumer decision-making at each stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the literature on the influential factors of internal audit effectiveness and articulate these factors in a conceptual model. A systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to identify the influential factors of internal audit effectiveness; relevant studies are reviewed between the period January 1999 and March 2022 through a lens focused on the key factors of internal audit effectiveness. In addition, our review took into consideration what is mentioned in The International Professional Practices Framework for Internal Auditing (IPPF). Five factors of internal audit effectiveness and their dimensions are identified and comprised into a conceptual model, these factors are internal audit organizational characteristics, internal audit relationships, internal audit processes, internal audit resources, and internal audit coordination with other assurance providers. This paper provides internal audit practitioners, audit committees, and senior management in organizations with a broad understanding and comprehensive overview of the key factors that should be considered to make their internal audit functions more effective. This paper proposes a conceptual model that provides a holistic view of the influential factors of internal audit effectiveness and clearly identifies the dimensions of the factors. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for future research to test the model and build on it as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a specific interest is being taken in the development of mobile application (app) via Model-Based User Interface Development (MBUID) approach. MBUID allows the generation of mobile apps in the target platform(s) from conceptual models. As such it simplified the development process of mobile app. However, the interest is only focused on the functional aspects of the mobile app while neglecting the non-functional aspects, such as usability. The latter is largely considered as the main factor leading to the success or failure of any software system. This paper aims at addressing non-functional aspects of mobile apps generated using MBUID approach. As such, we propose a usability-driven approach for the development of mobile apps. The main stages of the proposed approach are defined in a generic way so that they can be integrated with any MBUID method. A case study is presented, in the paper, with the aim of illustrating the feasibility of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the emphasis of research on culture-loaded terminology in the Chinese Government Work Report lies in developing translation strategies, with limited analysis of the cognitive process that translators undergo during the translation process. However, Conceptual Integration Theory has gained significant attention in recent years for its effectiveness in analyzing cognitive activities. This paper employs the Conceptual Integration Theory as a theoretical framework to analyze culture-loaded terms in the Chinese Government Work Report. This analysis involves the use of the conceptual integration network, including generic space, cross-space mapping, selective projection, blending, and emergent structure, as well as the construction of mental spaces. It has been found: (1) Translators utilized four mental spaces, namely the original terms space, translator space, generic space, and translation space. Through cross-space mapping, the original terms space and translator space projected a shared, abstract structure and organization into the generic space. The elements of the original terms space and translator space were then projected into the translation space within the constraints of the generic space. (2) The simplex network is unsuitable for translating these terms, while the other three conceptual integration networks do. Translating these terms with a mirror network is deemed to be the simplest method, while the two-scope network is the most complex. This paper aims to illustrate the thinking process of translators and offer suggestions for translating these terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Telemedicine has been able to bring healthcare services to all people in far locations such as the sea. Our main objective was to overview the main features, challenges, and requirements of applying telemedicine at sea. Methods. The electronic search includes all types of papers published in English. It was performed in four databases with keywords to Feb 2023. Next, main categories were defined to extract major concepts. By mapping extracted themes, maritime telemedicine concepts were represented in two conceptual models. Results. After screening the papers based on title and abstract, 18 articles remained. They can be divided into 13 categories based on their clinical domains. Out of 18 reviewed articles, six articles were published in 2020. The greatest number of studies with five articles was conducted in France. Evidence showed that maritime telemedicine service can be provided to all kinds of ships. Regarding clinical domains, the greatest demand belonged to primary care problems (5 papers) and general health assessment (4 papers). Challenges were divided into four main categories. Moreover, the required services and equipment in four categories were described too. Finally, a conceptual model is represented for providing telemedicine services at sea using satellite Internet. Conclusion. Despite the existing challenges in providing the required equipment and resources for the implementation of maritime medicine, it has an important role in providing better care for seafarers without time limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise and detailed information for infrastructure assets, as well as information about the property interests attached to them are crucial to prevent unnecessary costs, disruptions, and delays when planning, constructing, and managing such objects. Various models encapsulating infrastructure objects information are available, mostly during their design stage, and could be also reused in other stages of the Spatial Development Lifecycle (SDL), such as the Land Registration. In this respect, and as ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model is currently under revision, it is well-timed to consider the modelling of infrastructure objects within the scope of the upcoming Edition II of the standard. Given this background, the aim of this paper is to initiate the discussion on the registration options of infrastructure objects in the context of the LADM revision. Attention is given on specific categories of transport infrastructure objects, identifying the information required to be reused in other stages of the SDL, sourced from BIM/ IFC files used in the design stage. As currently IFC does not support infrastructure information, in order to investigate how such information is stored in IFC models based on the modellers' decisions and the software used, two models of transport infrastructure objects coming from the industry were inspected and based on these findings, the conceptual modelling followed, based on the LADM concept. The paper aims to provide insights on to the limitations of the current use of IFC for transport infrastructure objects and propose the future steps to overcome them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Performance measurement systems (PMS) in Non-profit Organizations (NPOs) are more complex than in for-profit organizations. NPOs have an orientation toward social mission and values, and they consider not only organizational efficiency and viability, but also the social impact of the organization. This research provides a comprehensive synthesis of PMSs in NPOs. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a literature review, supported by bibliometric and network analyses. A paper set of 240 articles related to this research field is examined. Topics that are the most prevalent in this research area and their interrelationships are identified, presenting an outline of current efforts. Findings: Despite the descriptive analyses for the paper set, a framework is proposed for organizing the design-implementation factors of PMSs in non-profit organizations, identifying the main requirements for their successful development. Originality/Value: Investigation on performance measurement in non-profit organizations is still in its early stages of development with many opportunities to further develop the field. Conceptual frameworks and models, as well as specific theories, are being generated for this field of research, and the process of adapting models from the general field of performance measurement is taking place. The meta-framework that organizes the main research topics of PMS in non-profit organizations and the framework that consolidates factors that influence the design-implementation of PMSs in non-profit organizations developed represents this paper contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External program review is often considered the "gold standard" approach to evaluating academic programs in higher education. Despite the importance of program review, skepticism persists regarding its ability to meaningfully engage faculty and have sustaining impact on program improvement. This paper builds on the academic Program Review Learning Community conceptual model and presents a process for applying a project management facilitation technique that leverages a course structure. The Program Review Course allows for multiple programs to be reviewed concurrently as part of an interdisciplinary cohort. Within the cohort, faculty teams gain access to templates, information sessions, workshops, and discussion forums, with opportunities for engagement both within and across multiple disciplines. Using learning modules, this approach is designed to create efficiency and collaboration in delivering program review tools and customized supports. Utilizing a course structure for program review fits well with a new way to think about program review because successful learning communities are often embedded within institutional structures. Use of this approach is expected to increase clarity and consistency, improve administrative feasibility, provide guidance for those new to program review, promote collegiality within and across programs, and involve team members in the creation of action planning. The authors propose that a course-based approach for conducting program review, with teams of disciplinary faculty joining an interdisciplinary cohort and supported by quality assurance practitioners and educational developers is a novel way to provide structure and academic development while meeting legislative requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to isolate the factors of creativity that affect innovation in the context of IT industry in India. A systematic literature review has been carried out using PRISMA guidelines as methodological procedure. The databases like Scopus, Google Scholar and ProQuest were searched to find out pertinent literature with the inclusion criteria restricted to English-language publications that had been published in peer-reviewed journals from 2010-2022. Reports, publications written in languages other than English, and non-academic researches have all been disqualified. The terms "factors of creativity," "factors of innovation", "factors of creativity and innovation","hrm system and sustaining innovation" were used to search databases where the terms "software industry in India" OR "IT industry in India" were specifically mentioned in the abstract or title. There have been multiple stages to the literature selection process. Initially, 4385 articles were found with the search. The number of articles was lowered to 140 in the following stage, which involved eliminating the articles based on their titles. Based on the abstracts, the number is further whittled down to 41 articles. After closely examining the complete contents of each article, finally 14 papers were selected to delineate the factors. An integrated conceptual model has been developed which proposes the adoption of HRM system to foster employee innovation behavior through two-way linkages with personal and organizational factors leading to creativity and innovation. This paper provides insights to HR personnel in the Indian IT industry intending to develop an HRM system that promotes and sustains innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitization in international shipping is an increasingly important topic, but for many years, the lack of accepted international standards and the usage of many different regional solutions, especially for communication between ships and ports, has made the introduction of digitalized solutions difficult. Since 2020, important work has been done in IMO to harmonize international standards supporting ship-port interactions, and this work has now been supported by both shipping, ports, and international standardizations organizations. IMO, through its facilitation committee (FAL) and EGDH (Expert Group on Data Harmonization) is developing the IMO Reference Data Model that covers mandatory reporting requirements related to port calls. This conceptual data model is mapped to three technical data models in three different domains, namely, UNECE (trade), WCO (customs) and ISO 28005 (maritime) to ensure the interoperability between the different ICT systems participating in the data exchange. The IMO Reference Data Model has also been extended with operational data to handle Just-In-Time arrival and departure and also nautical information to ensure that the specification of the locations in ports (berths, pilot boarding places, bollards etc) are the same for different usages. Several international organizations as BIMCO (the largest ship owners' organization) and international port organisations as IAPH, IPCSA and IHMA are strongly involved in this work. This paper summarizes work done by IMO and others to clarify the roles, functionalities and ICT-systems (Information and Communications Technology) that are needed to support the various processes needed to be performed during a port call. These definitions will form the basis for defining a Maritime ITS (Intelligent Transport System) Architecture which will also need to be related to road ITS and also to e-Navigation functionalities. The Maritime ITS Architecture described in this paper contains three levels, namely the Domain Definition (generalized roles that represent people, organizations and equipment in the system), the Processes (definitions of processes and functions that need to be supported to make the domain work), and the Information model (a generalized information model covering the information elements that are required by the functions and processes). In addition to this comes the layers to describe the physical implementation architecture, and the layers to describe the service implementation (e.g. APIs) and the protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) indoor models are a crucial component to simulate pedestrian evacuations realistically in indoor environments. However, existing 3D indoor models cannot fully represent realistic indoor environments to enable the simulation of 3D pedestrian motions in evacuations because spaces above/below some physical components (e.g., desks, chairs) have been largely overlooked. Thus, this paper introduces a conceptual space model to advance a space identification and classification scheme that can fully capture 3D pedestrian motions. This paper first proposes the definition and parameterisation of different 3D pedestrian motions. Then, the definition and specifications of three categories of space components are elaborated on based on the motions. Finally, a voxel-based approach is introduced to identify and classify the space components, which are demonstrated by an illustrative example. This work contributes to advancing 3D indoor modelling to enable a more realistic simulation of 3D pedestrian motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this paper introduces the central route and peripheral route of online comments and constructs a conceptual model affecting consumers' clothing impulse buying behavior in live broadcast. A total of 737 questionnaires were collected, and 709 valid questionnaires were used for questionnaire analysis. According to the ELM, there are central route (comment quality and comment comprehensiveness) and peripheral route (comment quantity and commentator credibility) of online comments. The results show that in addition to the commentator credibility, the comment quality, comment comprehensiveness, and comment quantity have a significant positive impact on impulse buying behavior. Fashion involvement plays a moderating role in the relationship between online comments and impulse buying behavior. This paper will provide theoretical support for live broadcast clothing marketing and provide suggestions for the development and design of live broadcast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to justify propositions that the dynamic political capabilities of collaborative partners to manage their institutional contexts are important drivers of collaborative synergies which can be valued by real options. To date, the institutional context of collaborative corporate strategies (strategic alliances, mergers, and acquisitions), particularly the analysis of the influence of government agencies on the synergies or unrealized synergies of collaborative ventures, remains unexplored. Moreover, the interdependence between the institutional dimensions of the collaborative strategies, the dynamic political capabilities of the collaborating partners, and collaborative synergies are needed to be integrated into new conceptual models and a new framework. This paper contributes to this request by providing a cohesive framework of micro-foundations with dynamic political capabilities and demonstrating an application of simple and compound sequentially combined real options for collaborative synergies' valuation in the findings and discussion section. This paper makes several theoretical and empirical contributions to international business, strategic management, and corporate finance. The practical implication of the research is evidence that food retailers who want to grow with the latest consumer trends will need dynamic political capabilities to deal with the impact of an institutional context. Finally, this paper discusses research limitations and future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the implementation of the concept of tax expenditures in the budgetary practice of many countries, theoretical studies of tax expenditures as a basis for their identification and quantification are still relevant. The emergence and development of the concept is accompanied by heated discussions about definition of normativе (benchmark) structure of tax and tax expenditures, as well as the classification of their individual elements. As a result, there is no uniform approach to defining the conceptual model of benchmark structure. This complicates the introduction of the concept of tax expenditures in those countries that set such a task for themselves, as well as their comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis in different countries. The purpose of this article is to generalize and further develop scientific approaches to determining the benchmark structure of the tax and its individual elements, as well as tax benefits and tax expenditures. The main results of this study are the classification of the main elements of the basic structure of the tax into groups and justification of their role in the identification of tax expenditures; defining "structural benefits" and "basic tax structure"; analysis of the report on other tax benefits in Ukraine and determination of the place and role of "structural benefits" in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the modeling of a computer-aided piano music automatic notation algorithm, combines the influence of music on psychological detachment, and designs the piano music automatic notation algorithm in psychological detachment model construction. This paper investigates the multiresolution time-frequency representation constant Q-transform (CQT), which is common in music signal analysis, and finds that although CQT has higher frequency resolution at low frequencies, it also leads to lower temporal resolution. The variable Q-transform is introduced as a tool for multibasic frequency estimation of the time-frequency representation of music signals, which has better temporal resolution than CQT at the exact frequency resolution and efficient coefficient calculation. The short-time Fourier transform and constant Q-transform time-frequency analysis methods are implemented, respectively, and note onset detection and multibasic tone detection are implemented based on CNN models. The network structure, training method, and postprocessing method of CNN are optimized. This paper proposes a temporal structure model for maintaining music coherence to avoid manual input and ensure interdependence between tracks in music generation. This paper also investigates and implements a method for generating discrete music events based on multiple channels, including a multitrack correlation model and a discretization process. In this paper, the automatic piano music notation algorithm can play an influential role in significantly enhancing the actual effect of psychological detoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth unemployment is a growing, global issue with regions of the Muslim world being particularly exposed to the problem. This paper examines a sub-set of this issue; graduate unemployment. In particular, it seeks to understand the role of student aspirations, knowledge, and motivation in tackling this issue. The paper draws on the Islamic literature to develop a theoretical framework of ‘Uluww-al-himmah, high-aiming aspirations, and Rajaa, true hope. These concepts are studied with the aim of improving not only graduate employment rates but also the well-being of graduates who do not find employment. The theoretical framework provides a more holistic approach through which policy-makers may address the issue of graduate unemployment by delineating four interrelated axes that impact graduate employment, namely, Reach, Purity of Purpose, Knowledge and Strength of Intention. By doing so, the framework facilitates the appraisal of educational spending by intervention type, thus highlighting underserved priority areas; allows policy interventions to be evaluated through the tracking of student progress against each axis; and allows policy interventions to be customized at the individual student level to reflect the heterogeneity present between students. The paper therefore provides a fresh perspective for policy-makers and institutional leaders to pursue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) carries large amounts of heat into the North Atlantic influencing climate regionally as well as globally. Paleorecords and simulations with comprehensive climate models suggest that the positive saltadvection feedback may yield a threshold behaviour of the system. That is to say that beyond a certain amount of freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, no meridional overturning circulation can be sustained. Concepts of monitoring the AMOC and identifying its vicinity to the threshold rely on the fact that the volume flux defining the AMOC will be reduced when approaching the threshold. Here we advance conceptual models that have been used in a paradigmatic way to understand the AMOC, by introducing a density-dependent parameterization for the Southern Ocean eddies. This additional degree of freedom uncovers a mechanism by which the AMOC can increase with additional freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, before it reaches the threshold and collapses: an AMOC that is mainly wind-driven will have a constant upwelling as long as the Southern Ocean winds do not change significantly. The downward transport of tracers occurs either in the northern sinking regions or through Southern Ocean eddies. If freshwater is transported, either atmospherically or via horizontal gyres, from the low-to high-latitudes, this would reduce the eddy transport and by continuity increase the northern sinking which defines the AMOC until a threshold is reached at which the AMOC cannot be sustained. If dominant in the real ocean this mechanism would have significant consequences for monitoring the AMOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand whether or not the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Model and the Shingo Model promote and are embedded into the three pillars of sustainability, as well as to propose a conceptual model for excellence in business towards sustainability. Methodology/Approach: Following the PRISMA methodology, 102 articles were included in the review. A bibliometric co-citation network was created based on those publications to understand the link between the topics, using the VOSViewer software. This paper presents a literature review on the topics of the EFQM and Shingo Model, Corporate sustainability (CS), and the relationship between the excellence models and CS. Findings: Findings from the literature review indicate that effectively the new version of the EFQM Model and the Shingo Model guide organisations towards achieving sustainable economic, social, and environmental results. Research Limitation/Implication: There are still a restricted number of articles on the Shingo Model and on the relationship between the Shingo Model and CS, as well as, on the latest version of the EFQM Model and therefore on the relationship between this model version and CS, which presents a limitation to this paper. Originality/Value of paper: This paper contributes to filling the literature gap regarding the lack of studies evolving the EFQM 2020 model version and the Shingo Model, as well as its relationship with CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has generated great interest among researchers from different disciplines as it is multidisciplinary research. Sustainability for the IoV requires solutions from different perspectives, particularly in the context of environmental, social, and corporate governance. This review paper examines each of the mentioned perspectives of IoV research which were conducted among at least one of these three perspectives. On the one hand, this allows determining how widely research on the IoV system has been conducted. Moreover, it shows the directions of research on the IoV. On the other hand, it determines whether and how the IoV research is linked to each of the perspectives separately and analyses this link from a global perspective as well; i.e., it analyses the survey data in terms of the data's relationship to all the perspectives as a group. As one of the research results, a conceptual model of IoV systems allocating the ESG perspectives was developed. The current research has shown that consideration of IoV systems in the context of these three perspectives (treated both individually and collectively) is still limited. A balanced approach towards these IoV systems is still required. Therefore, the paper consists of a survey of the current research related to the sustainability of the IoV from the three mentioned perspectives, aiming to give a balanced view of the importance of the three perspectives for IoV systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply chain is the basis for the functioning of today's society because it ensures the timely supply of all the resources needed to produce products or provide services offered in the market. Due to changes in the environments in which the supply chain exists, new risks arise that could jeopardize its functioning. Interruption in the normal functioning of the chain may result in the risk of inability to meet the requirements of stakeholders. Given this, the aim of this paper is to define a conceptual model of supply chain resilience management. The paper is based on the conducted secondary research and analysis of the achievements of other researchers in this field. The model described in this paper is based on the principles of the quality management system and provides a systematic approach to the analysis of supply chain threats, defining measures to reduce the threat, and testing and improving the established system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In case of a shortage of China's domestic timber, the research of China's timber security has become increasingly more important. Using the pressure-state–response (PSR) conceptual model and the entropy method, the timber security of China during 1997–2017 was evaluated and analyzed to understand and master the situation of timber security in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The pressure of timber security in China during 1997–2017 was increasing in waves, with the condition of timber imports as the main factor; (2) the state of timber security in China presented a downward-then-upward tendency during 1997–2017, the main influencing factors of which were the domestic timber supply and forest resources condition; (3) responses to ensure the timber security of China almost indicated a steep rising trend, because both the timber industry technical progress index and the waste paper recovery rate improved the safety of timber in China; and (4) the changing trend of the comprehensive evaluation of timber security in China approximately agrees with that of the state evaluation, which showed that state indicators were key factors affecting the timber security of China. The pressures influencing the timber security of China are rising, while the state of timber security and the responses of the high-tech industry have been improving at a higher range than the pressures, which has led to an improvement of China's timber security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Digital ecosystemic business environments challenge dyadic approaches to value creation and particularly to business-to-business (B2B) sales. This paper aims to offer a novel conceptualization of the connection between value creation and B2B sales, which indicates practical implications and builds an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach: This conceptual paper integrates theoretical insights on service-dominant logic, service ecosystems, interactional value co-creation and B2B sales. This paper uses anecdotal evidence from the field of B2B sales to illustrate theoretical concepts developed in the paper. Findings: The paper develops the concept of value idea emergence (VIE), the process through which B2B entities become aware of a pursuable benefit. The paper further proposes that value (co-)creation in ecosystems happens through VIE's intertwinement with the process of value proposition creation, a process, which includes all activities needed to bring a value proposition to a customer. The paper then discusses the role of B2B in these processes and proposes an agenda for future research. Practical implications: The novel conceptualizations of value (co-)creation can help B2B sales managers to understand the ecosystemic nature of the interactions that affect sales and value creation in the current business environment. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the literature on B2B sales and value creation by proposing a novel concept of VIE, introducing a conceptual model of interactive value (co-)creation in ecosystems and reformulating the role of B2B sales in value creation. These theory-developing insights can be used to guide both academic and managerial attention to interactions happening in the ecosystem outside of the buyer-seller dyad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the current landscape of digital maturity models for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the capabilities embedded in the models using a semi-systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews. Based on current knowledge, our research provides insights into the gaps in maturity model research for SMEs. Our primary findings show that digital maturity modelling, particular for SMEs, is currently a significant topic across several industries but remains limited by the lack of procedural properties and suitable SME-specific capabilities. This is supported by our literature review and initial interview findings. The paper offers a conceptual framework including defined criteria and essential properties. Furthermore, the paper outlines a transparency approach to empirical validation to increase the rigor of future maturity model research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our comprehension of the real world remains perpetually incomplete, compelling us to rely on models to decipher intricate real-world phenomena. However, these models, at their pinnacle, serve merely as close approximations of the systems they seek to emulate, inherently laden with uncertainty. Therefore, investigating the disparities between observed system behaviors and model-derived predictions is of paramount importance. Although achieving absolute quantification of uncertainty in the model-building process remains challenging, there are avenues for both mitigating and highlighting areas of uncertainty. Central to this study are three key sources of uncertainty, each exerting significant influence: (i) structural uncertainty arising from inadequacies in mathematical formulations within the conceptual models; (ii) scenario uncertainty stemming from our limited foresight or inability to forecast future conditions; and (iii) input factor uncertainty resulting from vaguely defined or estimated input factors. Through uncertainty analysis, this research endeavors to understand these uncertainty domains within compartmental models, which are instrumental in depicting the complexities of the global carbon cycle. The results indicate that parameter uncertainty has the most significant impact on model outputs, followed by structural and scenario uncertainties. Evident deviations between the observed atmospheric CO2 content and simulated data underscore the substantial contribution of certain uncertainties to the overall estimated uncertainty. The conclusions emphasize the need for comprehensive uncertainty quantification to enhance model reliability and the importance of addressing these uncertainties to improve predictions related to global carbon dynamics and inform policy decisions. This paper employs partitioning techniques to discern the contributions of the aforementioned primary sources of uncertainty to the overarching prediction uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spaceborne turntable is a piece of precision optical equipment utilized for monitoring space information and facilitating laser communication. The measurement accuracy of optical instruments is correlated to some extent with the mechanical properties of the structure. Addressing the design challenge posed by the U-frame in the spaceborne optoelectronic tracking and pointing turntable, this paper proposes a multi-constraint topology optimization method utilizing Abaqus/CAE and TOSCA. This method offers insights for U-frame design and has undergone scientific validation. Initially, the empirical design structure is established, optimization design areas are defined, and the initial model undergoes pre-processing in Abaqus/CAE. Subsequently, conceptual and mathematical models for topology optimization are developed, with the objective of minimizing structural compliance (thereby maximizing stiffness), and including constraints related to volume fraction, first-order natural frequency, and stress. Utilizing TOSCA, the U-frame topology optimization design is finalized, resulting in an optimized conceptual model. A comparative analysis of the optimized design against the empirical design structure demonstrates a significant 27.53% reduction in maximum stress, enhanced static stiffness, an increase of 11.48% in the first natural frequency, and a 4.3% reduction in mass. Moreover, the turntable that utilizes the optimized design structure not only meets reliability requirements in spacecraft structural design but also provides a stable platform for precise optical load alignment. The static and dynamic performance of the optimized U-frame has been enhanced, effectively mitigating the impact of external excitation on optical instrument measurement accuracy and meeting the lightweight design requirements for the U-frame, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the topology optimization method. This research offers valuable insights into U-frame design for spaceborne optoelectronic tracking and pointing turntables and carries significant guiding implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors influence wildfire probability, including land use/land cover (LULC), fuel types, and their moisture content, meteorological conditions, and terrain characteristics. The Adriatic Sea coastal area in Croatia has a long record of devastating wildfires that have caused severe ecological and economic damages as well as the loss of human lives. Assessing the conditions favorable for wildfires and the possible damages are crucial in fire risk management. Adriatic settlements and ecosystems are highly vulnerable, especially during summer, when the pressure from tourist migration is the highest. However, available fire risk models designed to fit the macro-scale level of assessment cannot provide information detailed enough to meet the decision-making conditions at the local level. This paper describes a model designed to assess wildfire risks at the meso-scale, focusing on environmental and anthropogenic descriptors derived from moderate- to high-resolution remote sensing data (Sentinel-2), Copernicus Land Monitoring Service datasets, and other open sources. Risk indices were integrated using the multi-criteria decision analysis method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), in a GIS environment. The model was tested in three coastal catchments, each having recently experienced severe fire events. The approach successfully identified zones at risk and the level of risk, depending on the various environmental and anthropogenic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstracts. Forty-two medication adherence concepts were reported and grouped into 10 domains. Eight forms of medication adherence were reported during interviews, along with 27 drivers of non-adherence, all of which were incorporated into a conceptual model. Participants reported skipping medication doses (n=36/57; 63.2%) or taking medication later in the day than prescribed (n=29/57; 50.9%). Common drivers of non-adherence included forgetfulness (n=35/57; 61.4%), being out of the usual routine (n=31/57; 54.4%) and being busy (n=22/57; 38.6%). US participants were more likely to report non-adherence due to low perceived efficacy (n=6/21, 28.6%) and cost (n=5/21, 23.8%) than German (n=1/18, 5.6%; n=0/18, 0.0%) or Spanish (n=2/18, 11.1%; n=1/18, 5.6%) participants. Conclusion: Findings highlight the diverse forms and drivers of medication non-adherence, informing the development of a comprehensive conceptual model of medication adherence. The conceptual model builds on and advances previous models of medication adherence and can be used by healthcare professionals to understand and interpret barriers to medication adherence and how best to support patients in taking their medication as intended. Plain Language Summary: Medication adherence is the extent to which a patient takes their medication as prescribed. This paper describes a literature review and concept elicitation interviews to identify forms and drivers of medication adherence across a diverse sample of participants. Forms of non-adherence identified included: deviating from the prescription, skipping a dose, taking a different amount, and taking medication at a different time. Behaviours and drivers can vary by condition, treatment modality, and dosing schedule.This research highlights the variation in the prevalence of medication non-adherence, and the different forms and drivers of non-adherence, based on individuals' demographic and clinical characteristics. The conceptual model developed advances previous models of medication adherence and may support healthcare professionals in the management of patients and how they can be supported to take medication as intended. The research ultimately informed the development of the Adelphi Adherence Questionnaire (ADAQ©), a novel generic patient-reported outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Completing a PhD on time is a complex process, influenced by many interacting factors. In this paper we take a Bayesian Network approach to analyzing the factors perceived to be important in achieving this aim. Focusing on a single research group in Mathematical Sciences, we develop a conceptual model to describe the factors considered to be important to students and then quantify the network based on five individual perspectives: the students, a supervisor and a university research students centre manager. The resultant network comprised 37 factors and 40 connections, with an overall probability of timely completion of between 0.6 and 0.8. Across all participants, the four factors that were considered to most directly influence timely completion were personal aspects, the research environment, the research project, and incoming skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct crediting of book allowances to student accounts was, among other reasons, underpinned by the belief that students would be able to substitute prescribed study material with online content. The article attempts to understand if the local open educational resources (OER) funding policy environment was prepared for this significant transformation. The paper applied a critical theory paradigm and a documentary research strategy to identify policy-level documents on OER funding in the South African higher education sector. Content analysis was then applied to review what they said about OER funding. These outcomes were then measured against the National Policy Development Framework 2020, which also dominated the study's conceptual framework. The study's significant findings were that the OER funding policy did not meet the policymaking principles of the framework, and this exposed Higher Education to a poorly funded OER environment. The study recommended hastening the finalization of OER policy and the flexible application of current policy terms to include OER as a fundable higher education cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is considered an effective evaluation method for fostering optimal decision making and ranking of road infrastructures over decades. This paper introduces a comprehensive systematic literature review focusing on CBA's methodological perspective for identifying its current modelling approaches and scrutinizing their key features and encompassed tools. Fifty-six relevant studies were extracted from Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar from 2005 until 2020. Initially, the bibliometric analysis presents an overall illustration of the most significant CBA concepts. The descriptive statistics determined eight distinct modelling categories used for CBA implementation, each encompassing three different modelling approaches for capturing the data risk assessment (deterministic or probabilistic), CBA's parameters interactive behavior (static or dynamic) and the considered economies (microeconomic or macroeconomic). In-depth content analysis led to the interpretation of the current status of extant models and the identification of three main knowledge gaps: the absence of the CBA's inputs updating into a probabilistic environment, the deficiency of a dynamic interdependent framework and the necessity of homogenous cost datasets for road projects. Future research directions and a conceptual framework for modelling CBA into a microeconomic, probabilistic and dynamic environment are proposed providing decision-makers with new avenues for more reliable CBA modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is an important determinant towards individuals' acceptance to use social media for e-government services. However, despite of its growing importance there is a dearth of prior research to investigate the antecedents that can develop individuals' trust for the usage of social media as a technology platform for egovernment services. To address this gap, this paper aims to identify those factors that can affect individuals trust in using social media for e-government services. This paper proposes a new model that identifies trust enabling factors to use government social media services from multiple perspectives which are: individual characteristics, government factors, risk factors and social media characteristics. The findings of this paper can be useful for government organizations in assisting them to develop appropriate strategies for enhancing citizens trust towards such services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Resource Description and Access (RDA) research in library and information science journals in Web of Science. Two hundred and fifty-eight journal articles related to RDA were extracted from Web of Science for analysis for the period between 2006 and 2020. A descriptive analysis of the most productive authors, institutions, countries, and journals and the most cited authors was conducted. To illuminate the major themes, the selected articles were also subjected to a co-word analysis and a document co-citation analysis using the visualization tool VOSviewer. The co-word analysis revealed five clusters of themes: (1) RDA implementation, (2) RDA and other metadata standards and technologies, (3) RDA and FRBR, FRAD and ISBD, (4) RDA and Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, (5) RDA and descriptive cataloging, authority control, catalogers, and training. The document co-citation analysis identified two distinctive clusters of themes: RDA testing, training and implementation, and RDA and FRBR-related conceptual models. An analysis of the temporal evolution of the themes showed that other metadata standards and technologies, especially linked data, and Bibframe, received more attention in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to empirically examine the effect of promoters' holdings and institutional holdings on dividend payout ratio and the firm value. Most importantly, this paper explores the age and size of the firm as the moderators in the relationships. Data collected from 23 companies from India and 253 data points were analyzed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that promoters' holdings and institutional holdings are positively associated with dividend payout ratio and firm value. Further, moderator hypotheses suggest that (i) firm age moderates the relationship between promoters' holdings and dividend payout ratio, (ii) firm size moderates the relationship between institutional holdings and dividend payout ratio, (iii) firm age moderates the relationship between promoters' holdings and firm value, and (iv) firm size moderates the relationship between institutional holdings and firm value. The implications for theory and practice are discussed. The conceptual model developed and tested in this research contributes to both the literature on dividend payout ratio and firm value and to the needs of institutional investors interested in increasing the firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of communication, the utilization of Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCoS) in Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS) systems holds great promise. However, the lack of research on the optical path design of LCoS-based WSS makes it challenging to realize high-port-count and perfect performance with a compact structure. In this paper, the conceptual optical path design method of a compact LCoS-based 1 × 10 WSS system working in C-band (1529 nm–1568 nm) is proposed, where there exists 1 input port and 10 output ports in the same array. The optical powers in both the wavelength and deflection directions have been meticulously considered separately, while the polarization-independent structure has been designed novelty, which boost system compactness and lowers manufacturing costs. Finally, a high fiber-to-fiber coupling efficiency of an idealized system ranging from 95.07 to 99.18% with only five components is achieved. Furthermore, a brief tolerance analysis to demonstrate the instrumentation feasibility is also conducted and the additional losses that will be introduced by real experiments are discussed. Our work is pioneering in providing a more straightforward methodology and conceptual model for WSS system design and offering reference significant for high-port-count systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After nearly forty years of development, China's land consolidation policies (CLCP) have become an important tool for promoting rural revitalization and sustainable development. However, as a major land management policy, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation research on its text. This paper establishes an evaluation system for CLCP using text analysis and the PMC-Index model. Based on a reasonable definition of the connotation of land consolidation, this paper collects 313 related policies issued by China's central government from 1982 to 2022, using text analysis to sort out the characteristics of issuance time, policy types, issuing institutions, and cooperation networks. By combining the outcomes of text mining with the previous research results to set evaluation indicators for the PMC-Index model, it distinguishes between comprehensive policies and specialized policies and separately evaluates them. Then, the PMC-Surface is established to clearly display the calculation results. The results show that the evaluation scores of comprehensive policies and specialized policies showed an upward trend over time. This indicates that the content of CLCP is constantly being enriched and expanded. The evaluation scores for different dimensions of comprehensive policies are relatively balanced, whereas there are significant differences in the evaluation scores of various dimensions of specialized policies. Both comprehensive policies and specialized policies have weaknesses in policy functions, incentives and constraints, and implementation guarantees, so improvements may be needed in these areas in the future. This study provides valuable insights into the advantages and disadvantages of a single land consolidation policy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The logistics market has been impacted by increase of e-commerce, mass customization, omni-channel distribution, and just-in-time philosophy. In order to attend to this dynamic change, automation has been applied in warehouses. Although, some researches point out the lack of flexibility as a bottleneck. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review of recent papers is vital to draw a framework of the past and to shed light on future directions. This paper aims to review published papers in the last ten years related to flexible automation in warehouses and to construct a framework that could guide future researchers in the construction of an innovative conceptual model that may be applied at warehouses in the future. A total of 113 papers published between January 2008 and December 2018 have been selected, reviewed, and categorized to construct a useful foundation of past research. Results showed the key point to achieve a flexible automated warehouse is the combination of automated equipment, data collection technologies, and management solutions. Finally, based on the reviewed papers, an innovative framework of a flexible automated warehouse is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban areas are places associated with the transformation of ideas into practices, social initiatives, and spatial economics. The study aims to assess the triad interaction between education, science, and business as a multiplier on the socio-economic development in the region. The study built a conceptual model of socio-economic space in the context of innovative urban development: the unity of education, science, and business. The statistical analysis allowed the author to substantiate the peculiarities of the local triad. The study revealed correlations in the influence of education, science, and business on changes in the regional system. The paper suggests that the triad of education, science, and business rests on territorial specifics. This feature is the determining factor of innovative development in the field of resort towns. The presented research uses the quantitatively measured influence of the triad as a multiplier by combining values of the unity of education, science, and business. The study found that the mentioned indicator reflects the wellbeing and quality of the labor resources in the region. On the one hand, the multiplicative influence of the triad is a guarantee of an increase in the wellbeing level within the borders of the region. On the other hand, it requires adaptation of the innovative development of resort towns to the current growth of the workforce and a decrease in innovative advantages on a local scale. The findings provide policymakers with significant indicators on the way to stabilizing the regional economy and effective decision making. The study of the interaction between education, science, and business in the context of socioeconomic development can become a crucial tool for formulating policies aimed at stabilizing the region’s economy and improving the quality of life of its residents, particularly in resort cities. The obtained results can provide guidelines for the development of innovation support programs and the planning of investment strategies, taking into account the specifics of territorial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The rapid growth of urban areas underscores the need for developing semantically rich 3D city models representing a variety of urban objects and integrating the results from the analysis and simulation of urban processes and environment. Adhering to standards such as CityGML, these 3D city models offer immense value in urban planning, development, and management. By encoding the spatial, functional, and thematic information in a standardized way, they provide a comprehensive digital representation of cities. This enables city authorities to evaluate the impact of proposed developments and thereby make informed decisions. CityGML-based city models facilitate the progression towards smarter, more efficient, and more sustainable cities by supporting interoperability across different systems and platforms. This fosters collaboration and data exchange among diverse stakeholders. This paper contributes to the development of semantically rich and interoperable 3D city models by proposing a conceptual model for Application Domain Extension (ADE) of the CityGML 3.0 Vegetation module. The ADE enhances the SolitaryVegetationObject and PlantCover feature types with additional properties by leveraging the new "hook" mechanism available in CityGML 3.0. Furthermore, it considers the dynamics of vegetation in terms of growth and management through modelling of dynamic data based on the Dynamizer module. Additionally, new data types, code lists and enumerations appropriate to the ADE domain are defined, providing a unified description of the vegetation's specific characteristics that are comprehensive across different platforms and disciplines. The Vegetation ADE' conceptual model opens several avenues for future research, including development of more accurate vegetation simulations and analyses, investigation of urban heat island effect or environmental impact assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although qualitative research is often equated with inductive analysis, researchers may also use deductive qualitative approaches for certain types of research questions and purposes. Deductive qualitative research allows researchers to use existing theory to examine meanings, processes, and narratives of interpersonal and intrapersonal phenomena. Deductive qualitative analysis (DQA; Gilgun, 2005, 2019) is one form of deductive qualitative research that is suited to theory application, testing, and refinement. Within DQA, researchers combine deductive and inductive analysis to examine supporting, contradicting, refining, and expanding evidence for the theory or conceptual model being examined, resulting in a theory that better fits the present sample and accounts for increased diversity in the phenomenon being studied. This paper acts as a primer on DQA and presents two worked examples of DQA studies. Our discussion focuses on the five primary components of DQA: selecting a research question and guiding theory, operationalizing theory, collecting a purposive sample, coding and analyzing data, and theorizing. We highlight different ways of operationalizing theory as sensitizing constructs or as working hypotheses and discuss common pitfalls in theory operationalization. We divide the coding and analyzing process into two sections for parsimony: early analysis, focused on familiarity with the data, code generation, and identification of negative cases, and middle analysis, focused on developing a thorough understanding of evidence related to the guiding theory and negative cases that depart from the guiding theory. Theorizing occurs throughout as researchers consider ways in which the theory being examined is supported, refuted, refined, or expanded. We also discuss strengths and limitations of DQA and potential difficulties researchers may experience when utilizing this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridization between organisms from evolutionarily distinct lineages can have profound consequences on organismal ecology, with cascading effects on fitness and evolution. Most studies of hybrid organisms have focused on organismal traits, for example, various aspects of morphology and physiology. However, with the recent emergence of holobiont theory, there has been growing interest in understanding how hybridization impacts and is impacted by host‐associated microbiomes. Better understanding of the interplay between host hybridization and host‐associated microbiomes has the potential to provide insight into both the roles of host‐associated microbiomes as dictators of host performance as well as the fundamental rules governing host‐associated microbiome assembly. Unfortunately, there is a current lack of frameworks for understanding the structure of host‐associated microbiomes of hybrid organisms.In this paper, we develop four conceptual models describing possible relationships between the host‐associated microbiomes of hybrids and their progenitor or 'parent' taxa. We then integrate these models into a quantitative '4H index' and present a new R package for calculation, visualization and analysis of this index.We demonstrate how the 4H index can be used to compare hybrid microbiomes across disparate plant and animal systems. Our analyses of these data sets show variation in the 4H index across systems based on host taxonomy, host site and microbial taxonomic group.Our four conceptual models, paired with our 4H index and associated visualization tools, facilitate comparison across hybrid systems. This, in turn, allows for systematic exploration of how different aspects of host hybridization impact the host‐associated microbiomes of hybrid organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fall of 2022, we offered a pedagogically redesigned sociotechnical environmental engineering elective for junior and senior undergraduates that applied place-based and culturally sustaining pedagogies. The course featured a project designed to facilitate the celebration and leveraging of classroom geographic and cultural diversity to enhance student learning about water sustainability. We analyzed the students' written project reflections using an inductive thematic analysis to explore whether and how the project and pedagogical model augmented student learning. The primary themes that emerged included: (1) deepened knowledge of home and culture; (2) global conceptualizations; (3) re-evaluation of perceptions and beliefs (in terms of water sustainability and personal relationships with water); and (4) future-facing viewpoints. We consider each of these 'enhancements' to the student learning because they extend beyond the course objectives and explore the sociotechnical aspect of engineering. The purpose of this paper is to share the course and project model, our findings from its implementation, and suggestions on how this pedagogical framework could be adapted and scaled to expand the learning of a range of topics at different learner levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a conceptual model is proposed to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the transverse vibrations of the floating wind turbine. The conceptual models are the best tools to capture the most important phenomena in the dynamic response of the systems. First, the surge dynamics of the TLP platform is modeled as a nonlinear spring. Then the fore-aft motions of the wind turbine is modeled as a spring-mass system. Then simulations are carried out to evaluate the time response of the proposed model. Afterward, the FAST code is utilized to verify the proposed model. The internal resonance and its combinations with the primary resonance are studied by the multiple time scale method. Finally, the frequency response curve is obtained and the effect of the various parameters of the system on the amplitude and the stability of the oscillations are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]