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We examine effects of government spending on postdoctoral researchers’ (postdocs) productivity in biomedical sciences, the largest population of postdocs in the US. We analyze changes in the productivity of postdocs before and after the US government’s 1997 decision to increase NIH funding. In the first round of analysis, we find that more government spending has resulted in longer postdoc careers. We see no significant changes in researchers’ productivity in terms of publication and conference presentations. However, when the population is segmented by citizenship, we find that the effects are heterogeneous; US citizens stay longer in postdoc positions with no change in publications and, in contrast, international permanent residents (green card holders) produce more conference papers and publications without significant changes in postdoc duration. Possible explanations and policy implications of the analysis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting of the American Economic Association (AEA) held in January 2011 at Denver, Colorado concerning the U.S. economy is presented. It talks about the selection of papers for inclusion in the journal from program committees and those of interest to the AEA President-elect. It lists members of the committee which include Nancy Rose and Jonathan Gruber of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Gene Grossman of Princeton University.

Presents an abstract of the paper `Price and Quantum Indices of the United States-Cuba Trade, 1821-1898,' by Linda K. Salvucci and Richard J. Salvucci, during the fifty-fifth annual meeting of the Economic History Association.

Presents news briefs concerning the preservation of library materials in the U.S. as of April 1989. Highlights of the Paper Preservation Symposium of the Technical Association for the Pulp and Paper Industry; Appropriation received by the National Endowment for the Humanities Preservation Program; Exploration of the role of mid-sized libraries in the nationwide brittle book preservation program.

The papers appearing in this special issue of the "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering" periodical are based on papers that originally appeared in the proceedings of the First International Conference on Data Engineering which was held in Los Angeles, California, on April 25-27, 1984. The paper by Braegger, Dudler, Rebsamen and Zehnder was selected as the best paper at the conference by the awards committee, and concerns a database tool called Gambit. This design tool is based on an extended relational/entity relationship model and assists the designer with a wide variety of subtools. The paper by Farmer, King, and Myers is also about a design tool which is called the Semantic Database Constructor (Sedaco). It is based on a semantic data model which buffers the designer from most low level data structuring issues.

Since the reestablishment of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1979, a number of contacts have taken place between the OR/MS communities of the two countries. Until 1981, these contacts were in the form of Chinese delegations attending international meetings (e.g., IFORS in Toronto). and joint TIMS/ORSA meetings or travel to the PRC by individual Management Scientists. An account of one such trip, by Leon Lasdon in December 1978, appeared in Interfaces in the February 1980 issue. Others who have visited the PRC include Martin Starr. George Dantzig, John D. C. Little, and Victor Klee. This is certainly not an exhaustive list: however, it does indicate the range of contacts that have been made. The next logical step for formalizing and extending these contacts is the holding of joint symposia and the undertaking of joint research projects. Such a joint symposium, the PRC-US Symposium on Systems Analysis was held in Xian, the capital of Shaanxi Province, April 17-21, 1981; this paper describes it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports developments related to organizational conferences in the United States. Details of the conference by the Center on Japanese Economy and Business are given in the article. The conference will be held in New York from January 8-10, 1993. Papers, workshops, panels and symposia are invited for presentation and may cover any aspect of the Japanese business system and its economic, political, social and legal environments. Schedule of the international symposium on the "Role of International Business in Economic Growth and Development," is also discussed in the article. Information on the 6th Annual International Symposium on Pacific Asian Business is also reported in the article. Themes of the symposium include international business and politics, managerial roles, modernization and socio-political change, transnational corporations, industrial structure, economic growth and others.

The Third International Conference on Data Engineering was held in Los Angeles, California on February 2 to 6, 1987. The conference was designed as an international forum for bringing together researchers, developers, managers, strategic planners and other users with an interest in the research, design and development of data engineering methodologies, strategies and systems. Its scope includes computer science, artificial intelligence, electrical engineering, and computer engineering. It featured papers from all major areas of data engineering, including database design and modeling, performance evaluation, algorithms, integrity, security, fault tolerance, query language, artificial intelligence approaches, knowledge bases, database machines, distributed databases and data engineering applications.

The article presents information on the 49th annual meeting of the American Economic Association, lists people that have been added to the American Economic Association since August 1, 1936, and reports about appointments and resignations in different U.S. universities. The American Economic Association's meeting that will take place from December 28-30, 1936, in Chicago, Illinois, will see economists presenting papers on varied economic topics. Some people who became members of the association include: W.C. Bagley, H.B. Baker, W.D. Barlow and E.C. Burris. Laurence J. Ackerman has joined as an instructor in insurance at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. James P. Adams has been made the acting president of Brown University.

This article cites a study, which deals with the scientific communication associated with the 1968 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA). The study reported here is the first in this series for educational research. Presentations at the 1968 annual meeting of AERA constituted a set of core events in relation to which communication was assessed. Three groups of persons having contact with these presentations were included in the study: authors, those who made presentations at the meeting; attendants, those who heard these presentations; and requesters, those who requested copies of the presentations from the authors. All 349 authors who presented papers were sent questionnaires. The questionnaire concerned the inception, nature, and previous as well as planned dissemination of the work they reported; the authors' current activities in those subject areas discussed in their presentations; and the effect upon these activities of scientific information exchanged at the meeting. The study assessed: how much of the program material had been submitted for journal publication during the ensuing year; which journals had been selected; and how many authors had neither submitted nor planned to submit manuscripts to journals based on their meeting presentations.

Provides information on the 2003 Applied Voice Input/Output Society (AVIOS) Speech Developers Conference & SpeechTEK Spring EXPO, held in San Jose, California from March 31 to April 3, 2003. Background on AVIOS; Connection of the "International Journal of Speech Technology," with AVIOS conference; Awards given to research papers on speech technology.

The article presents an introduction to the special section related to International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'97), published in the August 1998 issue of the journal "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering." Authors say that ICSE was held in Boston Massachusetts, in the week of May 17-23, 1997. The main goal of the conference was to meet needs and expectations of a large variety of attendees. The program committee of the conference was involved in a comprehensive reviewing process of papers submitted. At the end of this process, three papers were selected for publication. In the first paper, "Evaluating Testing Methods by Delivered Reliability," researchers discuss a method for evaluating the effectiveness of testing, based on a measure of the program reliability after testing. The second paper "Analyzing Partially Implemented Real-Time System," presents a technique for analyzing partially-implemented real-time systems. The third paper "Communication Metrics for Software Development," discusses results of comprehensive experiment whose goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of communication metrics.

The Symposium on Foundations in Software Engineering is an annual conference sponsored by Association for Computing Machinery, a computer portal and dedicated to the presentation of innovative research results contributing to an engineering discipline for software systems. This special section of the July 1998 issue of the journal IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering features three of the best papers from the fourth symposium, held in October 1996 in San Francisco, California. During its first half-decade, research results presented at this conference have covered engineering research topics. However, a number of distinguishing properties tend to characterize the best of the papers and have helped set the standards for high-quality software engineering research. The three papers in this special section illustrate these properties. One of the critical challenges for software engineering research is to find practical tools that help system builder restructure existing systems. Mark Moriconi was general chair for the symposium and deserves considerable credit for its success.

Presents an abstract of the study `Down and Out or Up and Out? The Occupational and Financial Mobility of Nonpersisters in the Antebellum United States,' by Joseph P. Fernie, during the fifty-fifth annual meeting of the Economic History Association.

Information about papers delivered at two symposiums held in 2009 is presented. The May meeting of the American Literature Association discussed the history of poetry in American periodicals and the American Periodicals Series Online created by ProQuest LLC. The October meeting of the Society for the Study of American Women Writers discussed women essayists in the 18th and 19th centuries; the history of advice columns; and letters sections in American periodicals from the 19th century to the 21st century.

This article summarizes some of the papers presented at the System Applied Microeconomics Conference organized and hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis on May 5-6, 2011. This annual conference brings together economists from the Federal Reserve District Banks across the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Reserve Board to present their latest economic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Second World War, the British book trade faced severe shortages of paper, of labour, particularly in the printing and binding sectors, and of shipping space for imports of raw materials and exports of finished books. These limitations drastically reduced the number of books publishers produced—supplies to British booksellers were strictly rationed and exports dwindled to a mere fraction of their pre-war levels. American publications, less affected by war-time shortages, began to supplant British exports in certain key markets. Concern intensified in Britain that this trend would continue, seriously and permanently damaging the book export trade. Overseas book sales were particularly valued, not only because of their very real contribution to the balance of trade, but also because of their immeasurable contributions to the promotion of British culture and ideas around the world: ‘Books are ambassadors of British culture… Books are salesmen of British goods.’1 Prompted by the desire to reclaim markets neglected during the war, drawn by the lure of new markets emerging after, and constantly motivated by the treat of competition from America, the British book trade waged a great campaign to increase book exports. Individual publishers, trade organizations, government ministries and charitable organizations all cooperated in this export drive, introducing an astonishing number of new initiatives and projects between 1940 and 1960. This paper charts traces the motivations behind the book export drive and describes the major initiatives it prompted. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the measurements for inequality and poverty that requires focusing on the details while examining the overall picture, in which the U.S. can learn from Europe's research and experience. It notes that many of the conference papers focuses on alternative measures of income, evaluates its impact on inequality and poverty from the joint Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/Universtiy of Maryland conference that was held in Paris, France. The papers highlight the impact of making changes that affects measurement while the details provides insight for the determination of the best measure to use for poverty and inequality.

The article presents several papers discussed at a conference related to natural disasters in the U.S. Papers focused on constitution for personal flood safety, benefits and limitations of the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale for evaluating tornado damage, and the reintensification of tropical storm that hit Oklahoma in 2007. It offers information on the proposed personal flood safety law with a mnemonic based on the five tenets in the preamble of the U.S. Constitution that covers insurance of domestic tranquility, provision for the common defense, and promotion of the general welfare.

Homeland security functions are a new and costly responsibility for local governments. What complicates this new function is that it must be implemented in the context of the federal system, where appropriate funding burdens and roles are still being worked out. Both papers in this symposium address these tensions and uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the American Educational Research Association 2007 Annual Convention Call for Proposals. The convention which will be held on April 9-13, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois will have "The World of Educational Quality" for its theme and will focus on the issues of attending to educational systems and education research outside the United States. The call for proposal encourages research that applies novel methods or integration of such methods to educational problems.

The article presents the papers and discussions which were presented at the eighty-first conference of the Brookings Panel on Economic activity which was held in Washington, D.C. on March 30 and 31, 2006. The first paper assessed the boom in the prices of homes in the United States. The second paper analyzes labor force participation and its determinants. The third paper examines changes in wealth by age group and relates them to changes in law and the economy. The fourth paper examines the defined-benefits pension system of the United States federal government.

The article reports on the International Evidence-Based Librarianship conference held in Brisbane between October 16-19, 2005. Nearly 200 participants attended the conference, from many countries around the world. The Great Britain, Canada, U.S., Australia and New Zealand were all represented, with a very stimulating mix of practitioners and researchers/academics. The focus was on developments in evidence: linking research with practice. A range of workshops and presentations throughout the event elicited much greater interaction and questioning than generally occurs in U.S. conferences. At the conference a \vide range of research projects in library and information science were reported and discussed. During the conference the emphasis was led on the point that libraries have a very active interest in understanding what their users needs are, what services they should be delivering and how they should be developing their services to better meet these needs. Workshops included case studies of generalised library activities and services to develop research questions which were not limited to the health sectors.

Objectives: Overcoming health disparities between majority and minority populations is a significant national challenge. This paper assesses outreach to Native Americans (American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians) by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). A companion paper details NLM's portfolio of Native American outreach projects. Method: NLM's Native American outreach is assessed in light of the presentations at a community-based health information outreach symposium and the goals set by NLM's plan to reduce health disparities. Results: NLM's current portfolio of Native American outreach projects appears most advanced in meeting the goal set in area 1 of the health disparities plan, "Promote use of health information by health professionals and the public." NLM's portfolio also shows significant strength and good progress regarding area 2 of the plan, "Expand partnerships among various types of libraries and community-based organizations." The portfolio is weaker in area 3, "Conduct and support informatics research." More knowledge-building efforts would benefit NLM, the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and Native American and community-based organizations. Implications: The current Native American outreach portfolio should be continued, but new approaches are needed for evaluating Native American outreach and for forging collaborations with Native American groups, approaches grounded in consultation and mutual understanding of needs and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that time-series econometrics provides valuable tools and opens exciting research opportunities to marketing researchers. It allows marketing researchers to advance traditional modeling and estimation approaches by incorporating dynamic processes to answer new important research questions. The authors discuss the challenges facing time-series modelers in marketing, provide an overview of recent methodological developments and several applications, and highlight fruitful areas for future research. This discussion is based on the First Annual Conference on ‘Modeling Marketing Dynamics by Time Series Econometrics’ at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA on September 16-17, 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on meetings of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) in 2005 in the U.S. The 2005 TMS Annual Meeting from February 13 to 17, 2005 in San Francisco, California; 2005 Electronic Material Conference from June 22 to 24, 2005 in Santa Barbara, California; MS&T 2005 from September 25 to 28, 2005 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Presents a list of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS)-sponsored meetings and calls for papers in the U.S. for the period of 2004 to 2005. 2004 Electronic Materials Conference in Indiana; TMS Annual Meeting in California in 2005; Device Research Conference in Indiana in 2004.

Provides information on several conferences and symposiums to be held by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) in the U.S. from March 2004 to February 2005. 2004 Electronic Materials Conference in Notre Dame, Indiana; The Accelerated Implementation of Materials and Processes Symposium; Effects of Microstructure and Property Homogeneity/Variability on Product Performance conference; 2005 TMS Annual Meeting in San Francisco, California; 12th International Conference on Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy.