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The paper examines key debates within and regarding contemporary internationalist movements in Mexico and Germany. The starting point is the discussion on New Internationalism, originating in the practices and ideas of groups in solidarity with and anti-colonial and anti-imperialist movements in the global South since the 1970s, which were subsequently discussed, expanded, and transformed within various social struggles. Employing a qualitative content analysis, we reconstruct common themes, similarities and divergences in texts authored by the EZLN and BUKO from 1996 to 2021. The findings reveal that common references to the contents of New Internationalism exist in the examined texts, yet are interpreted differently along situated struggles and experiences of oppression and marginalization. Connecting elements are forms of intersectional critique of domination, as well as the rejection of the idea of a revolutionary subject, an avant-garde, a principal contradiction, and the taking over of state power. Simultaneously, the analysed texts emphasize the necessity of transnational struggles and global networking against capitalism to counteract planetary destruction and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Economic relations between countries members of the EU and EU candidates are very strong. Germany and France have the leading economies of the EU, are in the top ten economies worldwide, and drivers of EU development. Serbia has strong economic relations with Germany and France, especially with Germany. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether Germany and France impact the development of Serbia. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine if there is a positive influence of a developed country on a developing country. The aim of the paper is to determine whether there is a long- and short-term positive relationship between Germany and France (EU members) and the Serbian economy (EU candidate). Research methodology: A Vector Error Correction Model is used to analyze quarterly data from 2002Q2 to 2018Q2. Results: The results showed a statistically significant long-term relationship between Germany and France and Serbia's real GDPs, so EU members have a long-term positive impact on the economy of EU candidates. In the case of the French, there is a short-run positive impact on the Serbian economy. For Germany, it is not the case. Novelty: This paper fills the literature gap about the influence of a developed country on a developing country. Recommendations for policymakers in EU candidates could be that if they want to motivate people to accept the process of access to the EU, they must provide them with more information about long-run economic benefits from the association to the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PAPER AIMS TO ANALYZE AND PRESENT THE SECURITY IMPACT OF THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON, REFERRING TO ITS TWO MAIN REASONS, THE NEED FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY AND THE NEED FOR FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPERITY. IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON, THE ANALYSIS WILL FOCUS ON ITS IMPLICATIONS IN TWO DIFFERENT CONTINENTS AND COUNTRIES WITH STRONG ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, WHICH NOT ONLY HAVE A DIFFERENT CULTURE AND SYSTEM OF VALUES AND BELIEFS BUT ALSO A DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM. THE MODELS OF NOMAD INTEGRATION IN THE UNITE ARABS EMIRATES AND GERMANY WILL BE SUBJECT TO THE CURRENT ANALYSIS AND WILL REVEAL THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC POLICIES AND UNDERTAKEN MEASURES ON REFUGEES AND THE PRESERVATION OF INTERNAL SECURITY. MOREOVER, THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TWO MODELS WILL HIGHLIGHT BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE READER A CLEAR AND CONCISE IMAGE OF THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON. THE EMPIRICAL DATA USE TO ANALYZE THE IMPLICATION OF THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON WILL INCLUDE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS, SPECIALIZED PAPERS AND PRESS ARTICLES THAT PROVIDES RECENT AND RELEVANT INFORMATION REGARDING THIS ISSUE. AS WE NOTICED THE INCREASING LEVEL OF COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCIES AND THE EMERGENCE OF ASYMMETRIC THREATS HAVE PLAYED A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE RECENT DYNAMICS OF PEOPLE MOVEMENTS, LEADING TO MASSIVE DISPLACEMENT OF POPULATION FROM WAR THEATERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TO SAFE AND DEVELOP COUNTRIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On December 12, 2015, 196 countries signed the Paris Agreement, including Germany and also Romania which has the purpose to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1,5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. To achieve this goal, countries aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible to achieve a climate neutral world by mid-century. One of the goals is to encourage states with a low level of development, to grow economicaly from green power or green hydrogen, like will show in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effects of inward FDI on per capita income and growth of the US states since the mid-1970s. Using a Markov chain approach, it shows that both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of FDI affect per capita income and growth. The empirical findings suggest that employment-intensive FDI, concentrated in richer states, has been conducive to income growth, while capital-intensive FDI, concentrated in poorer states, has not. Consequently, FDI has tended to be associated with weaker rather than stronger income convergence among US states. It appears to be less important whether FDI has been undertaken in the manufacturing sector of US states or in other sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constitution and growth biology of 6 to 7 years old children from a European city ("Braunschweiger Längsschnitt") and a country with rather original habits (extreme rural area of Kenya, "Abaluya"--administrative name of Bantuid tribes from W-Kenya--out of the region of Idakho and Tiriki, elevated in spring 1990) were comparatively studied. To achieve comparability in physique and body height, the elevated data were "allometrically standardized". The statistical parameters and the results of correlation statistics were shown by comparing the two groups of children. This paper is thought to be the first attempt of a more extensive study in which further more comparative data from other age groups of children and different ecological factors as climate or nutrition should be involved in the analysis. At least the knowledge of standardized data is a cogent assumption to judge about constitution, typology and health of populations.

The article evaluates the journal "Economics," which reports results of German research studies in the field of economics, published biannually by the Institute for Scientific Cooperation.

Microplastic particles with less than 5 mm in diameter has been detected in human feces and freshwater systems. Microplastics could cause serious physical and chemical harm to humans and organisms. Some previous studies on microplastics mainly concentrate on the marine environment, but few have focused on freshwater microplastics. Therefore, Citespace II is used to systematically analyze the related literature in order to comprehensively understand the research state of freshwater microplastics. The results show that there is still a large gap between research on freshwater and marine microplastics. Studies on freshwater microplastics have mainly been undertaken in developed countries such as the United States and Germany, while fewer studies have been conducted in the developing countries which face the most serious plastic pollution. Most studies focus on the rivers and lakes, but other freshwater sources with microplastic pollution, such as groundwater and reservoirs, have received less attention. This study also explored the possible opportunities and challenges that may be faced in freshwater research in order to introduce specific policies and measures to mitigate this emerging pollutant. Image 1082 • This paper elucidates the gap between freshwater and marine microplastics research. • Freshwater microplastics vary between different regions,organisms and sources. • This paper identifies hot topics and developing trends in freshwater microplastics. • This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for freshwater microplastics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International students are conceived as essential contributors to the development of their countries of origin after they finished their studies abroad. Political decision-makers of the countries of origin therefore take measures that students will eventually return to their home countries and bring back their gained knowledge and consequently contribute to development back home. However, is a return always the best way to contribute to development in the country of origin or can international graduates contribute equally from abroad or through their high mobility between different countries? This article aims to address this question on the basis of an intensive three years mixed-methods-based investigation in six countries – Germany as country of study and Colombia, Georgia, Ghana, Indonesia and Israel/Palestinian territories as countries of origin. We investigated a specific German scholarship program, which gives scholarships to international students from the Global South to study in Germany. Although a return to the country of origin is a precondition for the scholarship, our study indicates that not only return migration, but also remains and circular migration can create beneficial circumstances that former students practice diverse development-related functions and therefore contribute to the development in their country of origin in a specific way. Here, it is important to recognize that scholarship programs do not only offer the opportunity to fund studying abroad, but they can be also designed for the needs of scholars during, before and after their studies, which would also benefit their developmental contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the Global North is historically responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) are expected to overtake developed country emissions in the coming years. At the same time, NICs are climbing the ladder of the global economy, increasing their competitiveness on the global stage and catching up with technological competencies of developed economies. Against this background, this paper explores innovation and collaboration in Climate Change Mitigation Technologies (CCMTs) in NICs. The research question is whether the propensity to innovate and diffuse CCMTs is impacted by technological collaboration with two highly developed countries, Germany and The United States. The sample of NICs includes the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) plus Israel, Mexico, and Turkey, in a panel from 1995 to 2015. The empirical results suggest that collaboration with both Germany and the U.S. is highly significant for domestic CCMT innovation in NICs. These findings are important because, stepping beyond the literature on the merits and drawbacks of global climate governance tools such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and related UNFCCC processes, they show that collaboration for climate and environmental technologies could become a key tool to significantly improve the chances to stay in line with the Paris Climate Agreement. Finally, the policy advice for NICs and developing countries is to, above all else, focus on incubating strong technological innovation systems, including strengthening domestic Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), as well as to enhance technological collaboration with developed countries. • We present a time-series panel from 1995 to 2015. • This research explores Climate Mitigation Technologies (CCMTs) in Newly Industrializing Countries. • Technological collaboration with Germany and the U.S. drives NICs CCMT innovation. • Novel empirical models capture the role of absorptive capacities and domestic innovation systems. • A machine-learning governance index is used as a reliable proxy for governance quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economists now appreciate that resource allocation in less economically developed economies is profoundly influenced by non firm economic institutions. However, our theories of nonfirm institutions often suggest different answers to many questions including those of policy. This paper illustrates a method for discriminating between alternative theories using data from German credit cooperatives from nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany. We build a model of credit cooperatives designed to provide monitoring incentives and test this using nineteenth century data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effects of framing a polluting activity in different contexts, i.e. different modes of transportation (bus versus plane) and different travel occasions (holiday versus professional training) on the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for carbon offsetting. For both types of framing, we also study additional contributions from the travel provider (i.e. matching). The empirical analyses with mixed logit and latent class logit models are based on data from discrete choice experiments with a representative sample of about 1000 individuals from Germany. The findings suggest substantial and systematic framing effects resulting from varying the mode of transportation, but not the travel occasion. Furthermore, the individual WTP is significantly higher across all four contexts when offsets are matched by the travel provider at a rate of 100%. In contrast, a lower matching rate of 33% is only relevant for one context, i.e. bus trips to a professional training. In addition, our results indicate that re-/afforestation projects are preferred to renewable energies projects or projects to improve energy efficiency. Likewise, projects carried out in a participant's region are preferred to projects implemented in European countries other than Germany or in developing countries. Finally, the WTP for offsets is found to be significantly higher for individuals with higher income, younger age, and stronger environmental and social preferences, as well as for individuals who believe that offsetting is effective in protecting the climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining union density in many industrialized countries increases interest in alternative forms of employee representation, such as works councils. The German works council is one of the most powerful forms of worker representation in developed countries, but little is known of its causal effect on productivity. The author used a large linked employer-employee panel data set to examine this issue. Comparing firms with and without a works council, the author finds that establishments with a works council are on average 6.4% more productive; but he also presents evidence that this figure underestimates the true productivity effect of works councils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If climate change outpaces the rate of adaptive evolution within a site, populations previously well adapted to local conditions may decline or disappear, and banked seeds from those populations will be unsuitable for restoring them. However, if such adaptational lag has occurred, immigrants from historically warmer climates will outperform natives and may provide genetic potential for evolutionary rescue. We tested for lagging adaptation to warming climate using banked seeds of the annual weed Arabidopsis thaliana in common garden experiments in four sites across the species' native European range: Valencia, Spain; Norwich, United Kingdom; Halle, Germany; and Oulu, Finland. Genotypes originating from geographic regions near the planting site had high relative fitness in each site, direct evidence for broad-scale geographic adaptation in this model species. However, genotypes originating in sites historically warmer than the planting site had higher average relative fitness than local genotypes in every site, especially at the northern range limit in Finland. This result suggests that local adaptive optima have shifted rapidly with recent warming across the species' native range. Climatic optima also differed among seasonal germination cohorts within the Norwich site, suggesting that populations occurring where summer germination is common may have greater evolutionary potential to persist under future warming. If adaptational lag has occurred over just a few decades in banked seeds of an annual species, it may be an important consideration for managing longer-lived species, as well as for attempts to conserve threatened populations through ex situ preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on demographic transition which discusses the phenomenon of ageing process in European countries especially in Germany and Poland. It mentions that industrialized countries experience much farther and accelerated stage in the process of demographic transition than developing countries. It informs that population in Germany with age of more than 50 years rise from 37 percent in the year 2005 will reach to nearly 50 percent in the year 2035.

The author compares the provision of social services to adults with disabilities in developed and developing countries. Research indicates that disabled people in Great Britain, Germany and other countries tend to experience poverty more frequently than non-disabled people despite changes in legislation, social policy and social work practice. The author emphasizes the existence of gaps between legislation and the everyday experiences of disabled people and between theory and professional practice in social work.

The article offers a report about the Literacy Initiative for Empowerment program by UNESCO. The program supports national literacy policies and program that intends to enable women and girls, in particular in rural areas. Through the program, UNESCO facilitates a process of collaborative action designed to equipped national and international commitments to literacy, to strengthen capacities for the articulation of sustainable policies and program delivery, and to improve countries' innovative initiatives and practices in providing literacy learning opportunities.

The article argues that although the Federal Republic of Germany had a genuine interest in the development of the ‘Third World’, it was the pressure of the United States that urged West Germany to become a major donor country during the first development decade. Its economic and financial strength made West Germany the primary target of burden-sharing claims. Having accepted the position as a major contributor of foreign aid to underdeveloped countries, West Germany at first tried to pursue a development policy based on its own postwar experiences and economic concepts in reconstructing its economy. It operated within the framework developed by Western donor countries in the Development Assistance Committee and agreed to soften the terms of its foreign aid-giving during the second part of the 1960s. Its substantial and effective foreign economic assistance policy gave West Germany some leverage in pursuing its own political interests in other fields and in gaining political status in the international community. Cet article suggère que malgré l''intérêt sincère que la République Fédérale portait au développement du ‘Tiers Monde’, ç''a été la pression américaine qui a poussé l''Allemagne vers le statut de donateur majeur pendant la première Décennie du Développement. Sa puissance économique faisait de la République Fédérale le premier cible des demandes pour un partage plus équitable du ‘fardeau’. Ayant accepté de devenir un contributeur majeur en matière d''aide aux pays sous-développés, l''Allemagne a essayé de poursuivre une politique de développement inspirée par ses propres expériences après la guerre et sur les concept économiques qui avaient régénéré l''économie allemande. Mais pendant la deuxième moitié des années 1960 la RFA est entrée dans le système opéré par les donateurs occidentaux à travers le CAD et a consenti à adoucir les conditions rattachées à son aide. La grande envergure et le succès de cette politique allemande de l''aide étrangère ont servi comme levier pour le pays dans la poursuite de ses intérêts dans d''autres domaines et a augmenté son prestige au sein de la communauté internationale. Obwohl die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ein genuines Interesse an der Entwicklung der Dritten Welt zeigte, war es der Druck der USA, der Deutschland zu einem wichtigen Geberland in der ersten Entwicklungsdekade werden ließ. Seine Wirtschafts- und Finanzstärke machte Deutschland zu einem Hauptadressaten für die Forderung, einen wesentlichen Anteil an den weltweiten Verpflichtungen des Westens zu übernehmen. Deutschland akzeptierte die Rolle als eines der Hauptgeberland für Entwicklungshilfe und konzipierte die Grundsätze seiner Entwicklungspolitik auf der Basis wirtschaftlicher Konzepte, die dem Nachkriegsdeutschland den schnellen wirtschaftlichen Wiederaufstieg gesichert hatten. Mit der Vereinbarung von einheitlichen Entwicklungshilfe-Kriterien im Rahmen des DAC lockerte die Bundesregierung in der zweiten Häfte der 60er Jahre die Bedingungen für die Gewährung von Entwicklungshilfe. Die substantielle und weitgehend erfolgreiche Entwicklungspolitik trug wesentlich zum internationalen Ansehen der Bundesrepublik bei und unterstützte die Anliegen der deutschen Politik auch auf anderen Gebieten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]